HASZARD'S GAZETTE, NOVEMBER 30.

INDIA AND CHINA. Tuiasra, Nov. S.—The steamer Calcut- ‘ The

ta has arrived here from Alexandria. overland mail had arrived at Alexandria,

with dates Btotn Calfittl to Oct. 3rd; Bom- bay,.Oct. ldtb;~ Sept. l7th; Hong, Se ,- 27th.

It Burmuh pa are in a state of seigc, and I y is in possession of Mouton and has cfs of equal rank, who

give out that t are acting under the au- thority of the K ng of Ava. Our steamers are fired upon in going up the rivers, and the country is becoming a desert.

Nr. James Thompson, the governor of the ‘Agra piiaency, is dead. _ Reportspre current that a Russian a.-my is invading Kliiva and Bokhara; that Rus- sia has entered into an alliance with Dost Mohammed and Persia; and that a large Persian army has been collected in the val- ley of Scoltonia. for the urposc of co- operating with Russia a ainst the Turks.

rode in India fair. xchange at Cal- cutta, 2s. ld. Shanghai has been occupied since the 7th of September, by a band of insurgents. At Amoy, on the 12th of September, the rebels completely routed a body of imperial troops.

Exchange on London, 7a. to 7s. 2d.

COMMERCIAL.

' The events in the seat of war between Turkey and the Cossacks, as quoted else- where, have excited a rehensions in the Commerical World The dificulties are believed to be insurmouiitahle on the basis of peace. The English Funds do not ap- pear to have been much afl'ected—the latest fipotatious being for Consuls 94} to fir _ oney is easy and plenty at the Banks and discount houses, and may be readily obtained on first rate paper for weeks rather than months, at 4} per cent—for onger eriods rather hi her rates are fl) and obtained. he demand for

Continent, occasioned b the downward tendency of Exchanges, is

ood.

Trade returns for the month ending the 10th October, shows an improvement of £l2,596,2ill over the corresponding period oflast year—and when compared with 1851, an increase of Thirteen Millions and up- wards. The chief elements of expotiition comprise metals, clothing, hardware, &c. Cotton manufactures, cotton yarn, salt, refined sugar and silk exhibit a decrease. Tea, cotfee, cocoa, sugar and articles of general consum tion.

This is a future remarkably illustrative of the prosperity of the industrial and con- suming classes.

Trade inthe manufacturing districts is in a healthy state.

The Corn market was quiet—prices in some instances in favor of the purchaser; but holders of Flour, the stock being small, are firm, and higher rices anticipated. Quotations: Western anal, sweet, 36s. a36s. 6d.; Southern 37; a 370d and 38; Canada, sweet 39 s37; sour 31 a 83 Wheat—Canuda, mixed and red 9s. 4d. a 95 9d; white!) 10 a 10; U. S. do. 96 to I08.

Tea extensively purchased; lute arrivals, at full prices. Congou, common to fair, is. Old. to la. 4d.; good to finest, ls. 5d. to

3d

Sugar fbr refining purposes was in more deman .

Sales of Coffee had been made, Jamaica realising 48s to 85s per cent. for good. ordinary to line, and middlin .

Iron iirm—and difficulty in meetin orders by manufactures. Scotch Pig ad- vanced considerably. _

At Liverpool Timber quotations as follows:—Quebec Yellow Pine, per cubic foot, is l0§d a 2, 2d: St. John, N.B., 2s 4d a 2s 7d; Maramichi and Bay Chaleur, Is l0d a is lid; Nova Scotia and P. E. Island, ls3d als,4d. Birch—New Bruns- wic and Nova Scotia ualities, ls 8d a 2s. Deals or Planks, stan ard hundred, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Pine and S ruce .'€ll lOs a£l2; ditto Red Oak an Ash hhd staves, £5 los a £6 l0s. -

For Seal Oil £87 l0s had been paid, and for Cod, some extent of business having been done £34per tun.

Freights buoyant to the United States.

oaasr ss'r'rt.a ssrwsait ‘fill -ruaus inn

5 itussiiits.

This ni' ht possibly mean nothin ve decisive, lfut, from the additionulginfoli-l: mstion which has reached us, we are al- most compelled to conclude that the en- counter was nothing less than a regular eng ement between the main bodies the ussians and Turkish armies, in which the Ottomans, though greatly inferior in numbers, succeeded in comp etely routing the forces of the Czar.

No accounts were furnished of the strength of the operations of the Russians main body which, att s first passage‘ of the Danube by the Turks, marched to encounter them at Kalafat. It is now asserted that this force, which was under the command of

neral Danncnberg, numbered betwee 30,000 40,IIIl men, and that it was in position between Krajova and Slatina, so as to interce the route from Kalafit to Bucharest. he Turks, we were also told by the latest despatches, were occupying Lesssrs allachia,—that is to say, the con about Kulata with 12,000 men; but, as was evidently the chief point at which the Danube was to be crossed, it is probable that the Area referred to had received a mentatious from the other bank of the stream. Indeed, it was ex ressly mentioned that "large bodies" of urkish troops were concentrated round Widdin—the ,. to Kalafet, and all these could, cfdurse, be brought over without much .dI_cuhy when the passage of the river had-hues once secured, ow, whether tkelusfine advanced to attack ill! Tliarer thev'I‘eIh is msrehisg up

0 '5

the country encountered the Russsiana, we are not llilly informed; but it is between these two armies that "ran ss'rrt.a” re- ported above, must apparently have been fought. Nor can we have any doubt that it roved disastrous to the Russian troo .

e are, it is true, mercy told that “ I4 superior Russian oflicers were killed,” and that "the Russians were retreating upon

ucharest ; " but these intimations, if correct,

convey a volume of intelli once. If l4 supe- rior officers were killed, ow many inferior ollicers and how many men must have shared, in all prohabilit , the same fate? And how many of all ranks must have been wounded? Those acquainted with the rules of military calculation would construct a fearful list of casualties from the unit given in the despatch. In the affair at Oltenitxa, for instance, though no “ su iior oflicer” was reported killed and only six wounded, the total number of those placed here do combat seem to have exceeded 700. Never- theless, this battle must have been fought and won, if we are to accept the present accounts strictly, by some l2,000 Turks against 30,000 or 40,050 Russians.

That it was wen we cannot doubt, for the Turks are described as “ masters of the field," and the Russians as retirin by what under such circumstances wou d be their natural line of retreat, “upon Buc- harest.” Rumours, moreover, had been in circulation for the last day or two to the effect, that the “ right wing of the Russian army, nnder General Dannenberg."—whic was no other than this very force,—had experienced a check, and the inaccuracies of our information from Bucharest and Vienna are not likely to tell often in favour of the Turks. We must needs, infer, therefore, that any exaggeration of num. hers applies rather to the Ottoman forces than to the Russian fossea, and the inevi- table conclusion armies that the main Rus- sian army has been defeated by the Turkish army with severe loss, and on a field favourable to the former. No doubt, the 12,000 Turks at Kalafat had been reinforced, and pehaps lar ely, from the troops con- centrated at iddin; but it seems hardly probable, on any supposition, that they could have been raised to a strength equalling that of the Russians. Omar Pasha had some 65,000 or 70,000 it in Bulgaria. Of these he had already carried, according to reports, 24,000 across the river, —-—viz., 18,000 at Kalarache, and 2,000 at Giurgevo. He was also measuring other points of the stream and 12,000 of his best troops had been established at Kalafat. This accounts for some 40,000 of his army; so that not more than 25,000 or there-abouts would remain to be brought over. But, even supposing that as many as fll,000 of

at Kalafat, still the whole Turkish force thus concentrated in Lesser Wallachia would amount only to 32,000 men; indeed, on accounts yet received rate it at so high a strength, whereas the Russians are plainly set at between 30,000 and 40,000, with strong cavalry and artillery. wait with some curiosity for the details of so remarkable a battle.

ALARMING Rtor AT Wiosrr.— Yester- day week a serious riot occurred at Wigan. The coalmasters were assembled at the Royal Hotel, in the Market-place to dis- cuss whether they should accede to the workmens’ eman for an advance of 2d in each shilling of their wages. The de- bate was long and protracted, and in the meantime the Market-place had become crowded with operatives, who thronged the steps, and other a preaches to the hotel, anxiously waiting the issue of the delibera- tiens within. At length though no formal announcement was made, it became under- stood that the masters refused to accede; aud then commenced a scene ef riot and confusion which lastsd until near midnight. An angry mob gutted the hotel, put out and smashed the street lamps, and attacked the houses of employers, and others who were deemed obnoxious to men. The Mayor, with the six policemen whom Wigan could muster on this occasion, together with thirty special constables, made a brief appearance upon the stage of action; but, as the “specials” deemed it their particular business to run away, and as the regulars almost immediatly followed their example, the inhabitants were le without any protection whatever The

a or, who seems to have been about the only oflicial who had his wits about him, telegraphed to Preston for the military,but it was so late before they arrived that the mob had spent their strength, and had left little more mischief to be accomplished. The damage sustained is estimated at about £4000.

Tris Ciioi.aai iii Faaitcs.—The cholera has made its appearance at Hsvre, and several of the persons attacked have died. The disease has also made its appearance at Bordeaux, and with much greater intensity than at Havre The un- thorities have adopted energetic measures to pre- vent its gaining head. some cases have also been notified in Paris, but of a mild form.

Pssrarusi. Mo-rioit.—We have just been given to understand that an srticsn in very humble circumstances. residing in Ipswich, has, after three years‘ labour, succeeded in constructing a model of a machine, 16 inches by I3, and ill deep, which is self-acting, after being put in mo- tion by a screw. It is powerful enough to turn a grindstons against the power of one person who had an iron bar on the stone. It has apt in mo- tion upwards of 30 hours, at the end of which time the speed was not diminished. and the con- structor, whose name is Thomas Stauttard, con- tends that the machine will keep in motion as long as the materials will last. The invention was slated to several Irma in I wish, whs de- eiined taking lttl , since wh three persons bsloegirigpe one o the Irst arms of engineers is London vs visited Ipswich, and sxsadeed the

' . h been loll - ::’lllbuelr.ull.y“sall'have ml:,m levestes to lasdes ts pveeeeete inquiry.

of these were taken to reinforce the 12,000 m

THE GOLD FIELDS OF‘ AUSTRALIA.

The Sydney papers received by the last mail contains a curious and interesting medley of in- feriustionou theeommereisl. social, and political progress of the colony. lts prosperity. though sesrningl eclipsed by the astonishing accounts from the ictot-is gold fields, is not therefore less substantial, and perhaps is more firmly estab-

' and more general in its diflu.-ion. In the week ending the 4th of .lune,!, 16! ounces of gold, valued at about £8,000, reached Sydney from the various New South Wales diggings, which may bsenumeruted as follows :-Batliurst, Sefals, Yeas, Bingars, Tsmburoora, Avislord, Mudgee. Brsidwood, Bell's Creek, Major's Creek, Goulbourn. Murrurundi, Canto-rou's Creek Tamworth, Hanging llock, Rocky River. and the Ovens, where new and rich placers had been dis- covered. In the week ending June I0. the ar- rivals amounted to 4. 395 ounces, valued at £15,- 090: in the week ending June I8, L446 ounces of gold came to Sydney, together with 32,864 in cash. The total of the exports of gold since the first discovery amounted to l,830,74l ounces, which. at 70s per ounce, represent acspital of £4,064,603. it is of course impossible to estimate the amounts taken out by passengers, either on their own account or for others. Considerable losses, in some cases amounting to 8a or We on the ounce, had been sustained by Sydney gold brokers from odtdterotsd old, sent from bourne, and the consequence was that New South- Wales gold was much in demand. while the parcels imported from Victoria were looked u n with a good deal of suspicion. Among the gold fields mentioned above are several new diggings which have never, or but very slightly, been mentioned in England. The flrst among them is Nuggay Gu.’ly, near the Ovens, where the gold. we learn, is distributed cspriciously, and success has consequently been unequal. Nevertheless at least 500 diggers were at work in that locality in the last week of May, and the majority of these adventures says the correspondent of the Syd Morn’ Herold. “ are doing very well.’ By some Nuggcty Gully was spoken very highly of; others maintained that the washing stud’ is truly a few inches in thickness, and that, unless it is very rich, it would not pay for working.

hrec or four parties are mentionedas getting I2 ounces to the tub. An instance of great good fortune is reported from a new locality—Maitlund Bar, on the Meroo. A party of three were digging on a claim for 24 days. They paid all their expenses. sold the gold. and in the and had a_surplus amounting to £1,080. Of the sums dtggings it is stated that four diggers had within avery short time (there are no further details) obtained 800 ounces of gold-dust, and another party of three was mentioned whose weckl earnings for man weeks sat ranged from

to I00 ounces. lie wor ing of the alluvial diggings and the washing of the soil engaged the attention of the diggers in almost all the fields. Formerly, in the majority of instances, washing would not pay, for it was necessary to carry the “ dirt” uphill and downhill for the distance some-

'mcs ofa mile or two. in order to bring It near the water. But, wit ‘it the last mouth, water corn anies have established themselves at almost allt a gold fields, which, by the aid of pipes, and in some instances, with the help of machinery conduct the water to the places it is most wanted . These companies, it is said, are successful, but it success would be greater if they could command a sulliciency oflsbour to supply the wants of all applicants. They ofl'er l5 per day and rations, but they are unable to procure the hands they want. A hundred miles of gutte- peroha tubing and adoxcn small steam-engines would, un er these circumstances, meet with a heartv welcome at the diggings. The mining population seem determined to be not only reaps- rous, but as comfortable as can be expect under the circumstances. ' era’ tents and Isirs, constructed of dry branches, give way to bark and slab huts, some of them constructed in a very substantial manner, and doing, by the taste and judgment displayed in their arrangements much honour to tho impromptu architects. Log hpts, too, are being built at almost all the dig- gings.

2

From late Canadian Papers.

CAUGHT A TARTAB.

Aperuon named Trainblcy, while fishing in the Ilidcau this week, saw a Kingfisher dart down into the water in pursuit of its prey. In- stead however of rising again with a fish it was observed to have been fastened to something that appeared to impede its flight. ll further examination it was found that the bird had thrust its bill between the shells of a living clam, which closing suddenly held him fast as in a trap, until he was himself ca tured. This fr uently happens on the sea a re, where larger ivalve shcl swill close iipoa birds who thrust their bills into them rather too inquisitivcly. If any one doubts the power of the free -water clam of our rivers to perform the above feat, let him just thrust the end of his little finger nto one while open. The result, ulthou h perhaps not very agreeable, will be perfee y

zen.

convincing in itsclf.—Ouows On

It is stated that while two men were hunting on the Nation river lately, near Cryslsr’s mills, their dogs put a deer into the river, where he was closely pursued by the sporbmen it their canoe. n approaching the animal, they were surprised to see it struggling violently, and sometimes 'crksd under water. ra ' the auima into the canoe, a large turtle weighing 40 lbs. was found firmly attached to its tail. It retained its hold for two hours after the deer was killcd.—lbid.

It is a question of great national importance to us whether the numerous deposits ofvslushle iron era with which Canada is so richly sup- plied will cver be manukctured insuch quanti- ties, and_with rulcient economy, to come into compptitiou with that exported ikom Grept Britain. A country may be said to be rich in natural wealth when its surface abounds with the raw materials necessary to mauiifactoriss or produce the innumerable articles of utility or comfort essential to civilised life. In this respect Canada may be said to be a golden land for no spot upon the earth has been furnished with s more teeming soil or ahqrestcr supply ofa leaatone or the useful me a. Iron ores a many parts of the oountr‘Lof a superior quality, but the dilculty is, t we are not able, to work them upon a large and prolmble scale. labour is so expensive, and capital so source. that we are crippled in this as in many other enterprises which might be made of great service to the prosperity of the Colony. A discovery has reeentl been , bowevgr. in the ppocssa ofiauki wroughtirou which promises sfiet s consi his revolu- tion in that department of industry. By method at present in use in most lsr£'sms ting semblislimsats we believe its ore is into small pisessand formed into a lcafiublouq

::.i mm or ‘= W" ‘gs hmp£ _ & flu. I broad, and due . _, at in. an die or . ’i...... here it s .

el which the material can be

t broken if

layer of coal at the bottom, which is kindled w en the pile is completed, and the whole is then left to burn for five or six days. When the ore gets cool it is then ready for the smelt- in furnace. This is called renting it a next put into a furnace made like u tal chimney, and filled to the top with coke and ore, mix with broken limestone. firs is applied below which is kept in a state of fierce pgttution until the iron is melted and settles to

e bottom. whence it is drawn out and run into pigs of cast iron. It is then in a ststslt for casting stoves, kettles, and other articles. But before it can be used as wrought iron it must under another expensive operation. It is remcl in some insmnces several times over, until when stirred in the tire, instead of being litplilid, it clots together in soft pasty lumps. this shte masses of it are taken out and beaten under heavy hammers until they are drawn out into bars. It is then wrou ht iron, and instead of being brittle and fusib e, like cast rou, is of great tenacity, ductility and malleubili . This is the general outline of the 0 making wrought iron, and is attsn with much labour and expense.

B an invention made in the States within the act year, a furnace can be so constructed that the wrought iron can be forged immediately from the ore without the intermediate operations of roasting and melting. The cheapnehs with reduced by this new process will, if carried extensively into use, make a great impression u our iron trade, and render it possible to bring many of our valuable deposits of ore into the market.-— Oassos Gtizen.

Till IsAI$ A1’ VALPAIAIIO.

The Chilean horse is a lively and active little animal, and capable of far more exertion than you may think at Brat sight. The Chilean nearly always gsllops, but not at such a wild speed as the Argentine. he thinks more of horse-flesh, and

eye more attention to his animals than the ormer, but we need not say tnore, for Argentina does not attend to them at all. Nearly all the Chilsauscurry the Issue on their saddles, and have the same dexterity in using it as their Eastern neighbors. The children commence in their earliest youth, practising with it, and you can see nearly ever where little boys running about with thin lssaos o twins, and catching chickens or little dogs, even trying their skill once in a while on a large one, but this is rathera liassrdous experiment, as the Chilean age, as soon as they feel something around their nccks—for they live day and night in the greatest fear of this instru- meut—lly for their lives, not ttnfreqtientl carrying the little darling, but now screaming y, with them along way through the street, till the line breaks, or seine comes to the rescue Even the hoise—police always carry the Issue on the back part of their saddles, and they some- times use them also in broad daylight, if they want to catch anybodvy.