. As “Pope of the Cmoiliation." who after two years of negotiation with the Italian government and- ed the 59 year old “Runan quee- tion" and regained tom I power with rule over the Vatican City ' etamriusxfstoodotitasoneof the most forceful pontiffs of mod- ern times.

Elected head of the Roman Catholic Church on February d. 1922, he became. seven years later. the first Pope since Piuslxtoreign a; a tomporal as well as a spir- itual sovereign. l-le was the - first pontiff in 59 years to extend pu- ternal greetings to the kink. queen and princes of united Italy. And he was the first after 1870 to leave the confines of the Vatican.

‘This last step, ending the "pris-

er of the Vatican" habits of his predecessors, he took on Jilly 25. 1929, when he was borne in a gor- ’geous procession around 5t. Peter's square. But more significant of the new freedom was his trip of De- cember 90, i929. Then, without previous announcement, he motor- ed across Rome to 5t. John Lat- eran, “mother church of Christen- dom," there to celebrate n 1181f wntury of priesthood. The next day, before a cheering throng which packed It. Peter's, he cele- brated the fiftieth anniversary c! his first" mass.

Pius X1 had the sense oi the dramatic developed to a high de- gree. His mass oi expiation for the arm-religious campaign in Soviet Russia, said by himself in 8t. Peter's on March l9, l980,.he turn- ed into a solemn protest which echoed throughout the Christian world.

In similar vein he called upon the world to pray for Mexican Catholics when the hi ‘ oi the‘. republic withdrew the priests from the churches in i928 as a prote:t against suddenly en- forced constitutional regulations. The controversy flamed into open revolt a year later when the gov- ernment deported all Mexican bishops, but Pope Plus frowned upon attempts to organize a

forbade them to take up arms. Prayer and Protest

Prayer and protest was the watchword of the Vatican through- out the three years’ dispute and when finally the clergy returned to their parishes, they went back under a liberalized interpretatim of the laws of the lend.

He came into power when post- wer burdens still weighed heavily upon the shoulders of European states. He aimed from the start to establish closer relationship he- tween the church and these troub- led governments and lost no oo- portunlty to make his influence felt in its proper field.

He instituted an attentive system oi relief for the then furnished Russians. cndenvoring not only to alleviate the suffering, but Jo

closer relationship with the East- ern church. ' Pope Plus also gave lavishly to- ward the relief of impoverished Austria andGer-mauyandextended his benefactions in this regard to Ireland, Greece and Asia Minor. It was said that he gave . more the. . $1,000,000 to charity from his- ‘ rivy purse in the first 19 months‘ f his reign. His aims towards conciliation of l plea made enemlm by the _E_, paganda of war timu, were ‘ vigilontly pursued. When the Genoa conference met in thaeprinl o; 1922 he expressed the position of the Holy Bee in a letter to the bishop of that city, sending the inissive through Cardinal Gasparrl. The conference consisted oi rep- reIentatlve; oi 29 European gov- ernments but the inclusion of Russia made a dominant issue out of renewal of relations between the soviet union and other Ein-op- can countries. Eventually the con- ierence broke down becar-ie Bd- 'm, backed by France, insisted , upon restitution for all foreign 3.‘: owned property in Russia which had been confiscated or destroyed 3' in Russia. Y‘ The significance of the gather- .1 lng from the church viewpoint was that. it was the first post-war eon- ference which approached finan- cial and economic problems from the reconstruction angle ‘ ‘ of as reparations. For that reason the action of Pope Plus in glvinl out a pronouncement upon it was well received and was

r and manifested interest in all

movements looking toward Christ- ian unity.- He made it plain. how- ever, that ii this

s i‘

was Branchi-

,adr>*I%or§§*lFI ‘orceful Career

First Pontiff 5555c Pius. 1x To Reign As Temporal As Well As Spiri_t_u__al Sovereign.

yeeriilwassetasideasaspecial pried of Jubilee observance in honcrofhiahalfcenturyin the priesthood and it was observed throughout with pilgrirnages and ceremonies that were in full ac- cord with the traditions and his-

VATDAN CITY BU). l0-

twy of the church.

state and that it was the govern- ment whim: should say how the

ed into citizenship.

The Concordat of i929, which was one of the pacts in settlement of “the Roman question, contained a clause by which the state per- mitted religious instructions in primary and secondary schools, but this did not fully meet the con- tcntions of either the churchmen or the statesman and the dispute was never definitely settled. Another subject which brought forfli steady condemnation from Pius was women's dress. 1n fact h: deplored every mm- estction of tendencies to change the concept ~f motherhood as the chief duty and privilege of women. including in hi: denunciation beauty shows, athletic meets for girls, modern dancin8 and similar activities. The family name of Pope Pius VI was Achille Ratti. He was born

at Deiso, near Milan, May 3i, i857,

the son of Francesco and Teresa

Betti. His father was a silk work- er, who became of the business in which he was employ- ed, and later a partner.

The future pope was a brilliant

student from childhood and in the records of the various institutions which he attended many praise worthy remarks may be found op- posite his name. He obtained his first education in a country sch conducted by Don Giuseppe Volon- Catholic boycott, ordered the teri, a priest, and which he attend- pnesm m my out o; mum; 5nd ed until he was ten years old. His academic ed_cation was completed at the seminary of St. Peter the Martyr, under the tutelege of his uncle, Damiano Rattl, and at the high school at Mcnza.

Ordained As Priest On Decunber 90. 1979, he was

ordained a priest and celebrated his first mass in the church of San Carlo al Oorso, in Rome, while still continuing his studies in the se ’ y, where he was specializ- ing in philosophy, theology and canon law. It was while he was attending this seminary that his fatLer died, and left the young priest to fight his own way through life, a heavy blow inasmuch as the pursuit of study required consider- able financial support.

In 1882 Father Rltti was grad-

uated from the seminary, receiving bung m, chum}; 0g Rgmg mmiat the same time, the diploma in philosophy at the Pontifical Acad- emy of Bt. Thomas Aquinas, insti- tuted by Pope Leo XIII to pro- moto the study of that historic

teacher. The young priest's work was oi such high order that be- fore leaving Home, he was pre- sented to Leo XIII together with his comrade Lualdi, with whom he had taken the examinations and who later became director of the Lombardi seminary and then a cardinal. The two were destined. years later ,to sit in the conclave which chose one of them as suc- cersor to Benedict XV.

Father Ratti returned to Milan and. at the behest of the arch- bishop, Mgr. Naari di Calabiana.

red eloquence in the theological

OINQI’.

This request was granted.

in 1888 and in 19M. when Mgr Cerianl died, was made prefect.

rututimfleseeonmmdedfatbr ilatutoPiusxandnisiioiineee a -aeeignedi"atberitattiascocd.iutor

1'2: insistence upon these as- pects of his office led to a sharp controverzy with Premier Muss- olini of Italy when the pope de- nounoed the fascist program of ed- ucaticn. He maintained that it was the i‘ ction oi the Giurch and of the church alone to train the youth of all lands. The Italian Premier, as insistently held to the doctrine that youth belonged to the \

boys and mrls were to be educat-

much popular praise for this act. Féln the spgizilgshcf 1912i, Cardinal rrar, arc o o Milamdied , and in May the ‘Pope summoned Zfihflifingfiofies b5; Mgr. Ratti from Warsaw, created 1n ham ' ' him a cardinal and appointed him to the archdiocese of Milan. The choice of nu motto was his m, prophetic. His coat of arms bore the words “reptum tranrlt”, mean-

months after his elevation to the mrdinllate he was elected Sup- reme Pontiff of the Roman table with a crucifix and lighted church. Benedict XV died January 22. 1922. and Achllle Ratti was elected pope February 6, receiving “an almost unanimous vote on the

he took the name of Plus. he said:

took charge oi the courses in sac-

semlnc y. He remembered these years, even after he had become .9096. as the most emotional in his

It was here that he was imbued with a passlo. for historical re- search, literature and philosophy. Observing his aptitude in these ‘ranches, Mgr. Cerlani, prefect of the Amhrosiana library, in Milan, urged him to request admittance as a doctor in that institution.

The library rich in manuscripts and old works, was founded in 1609 and always under the care of the clergy. Father Ratti entered into the work of the institution

His years as prefect of the in- ctitution were full of intense lot- ivity in research and literature. llcst of his written works were short pamphlets ‘on church his- tory but there was one long work. '

a

pieiectAt the outbreakof the war when Mgr. Ihrle retired, the Pope made the coadiutor a

the added titles of apostolic proto- notary and canon oiltreterak. in this capacity. Mgr. Betti represent- ed the Vatican in the centenary d Oxford university the same year.

8e now transferred his residence

the

yeareofthegreat war audit was said that he then manifested the diplomatic qualities which were to hring him lets-ferric, preferment and eventual elevation to the throne of 8t. Peter

TREATY OI‘ IBIBT-LITOVSK

The treaty of Brest-Ulovsk on March 8. 1919, between the Rus- sian Bovlets and the Germans, changed radically the conditions of the whole of Eastern Europe. Ben- edict XV now wore the tira follow- 111.. the death of Plus X in 1914. “he Pope was of the opinion that a temporary papal representative should be sent into the affected territories, especially into Poland. Pbr this important post. Benedict XV chose Mgr. Ratti sending him to Warsaw as "Apostolic visitor." MM‘. the office was extended to include all the territory previously belonging to the deposed mllflllll Empire.

" was Mgr. Ram's difficult task to maintain an attitude of im- partial neutrality toward both the Germans and the Poles, and con- sidering the conflict of lntorest. it required unusual sirill to remain the friend of both sider. He proved his great tact in the undertaking, maintaining cordial relations with the opposing parties.

Poland then became an auton- omous natlon and Mgr. Ratti was made the first Apostolic ' to the new state in October, i919. He 1 was consecrated titular bishop of

come. ‘T e next year, during the Bol- shevlk invasion, Mgr. Ratti re- malned as the only member of the diplomatic corps in the Polish cap- ital while the Bolshevlks were at lhe gates of Warsaw. He was given

"it Basses rapidly." Just eight

fourteenth ballot. Explaining why “I was born under a Pius; I

is the name of peace-then Pius shall be my name."

MIAJA WILL Mwlmy i ________ the other pie . 01v water. dominant, but to have received s. “me from flat "no."

seized the strs c Mlnorca in the Mediterranean and

spain in quest of a quick. decisive victory.

Unconditional Surrendu-‘i In sui for peace. Mia]

insistence on an unconditional sur- render was being persuaded to throw hi

lfifaégfligwwyruglht an announceme ‘ at Valencia said Premier N081’!!!

ing Paris carried the Genera-l denial time he was negotiating with General Franco.

ish sources in Iondon

greater authority with which to

As a result of the reported lm; osndlng break with Mussolini. Franco was to .

It was this as much as

was influencing enerai lviiaja to consider an unconditional sur- render. i

The French and British Gov- ernments, th said would hardly support a r e ose first act oi victory was retribution against its defeated opponent-e i

e these reports were of such importance that no - sible anihori would comm 0 I

pbetwee the insurgent‘ of iallorca

'11. insurgents earlier ceeuoied the frontage “cilia Perihus, ‘rtnment Spain's Premier, Juan Rnflnegrinllhflm ‘at! last ‘$31322 ' of thedGovernanent m Catalonia m"rs"u_efl'ii"cwins" um mm n-m . south for a "wind-W" NNWQ against the Goya-mom's can

summarily rurllul|vis

...... xi

81 - year - 01d Pontiff

Succumbs To Illness Early This Morning"

Bins and all the Saints. Amen." Monsignor De Romanis now be- gan the anointing. l-le used Olive oil which was blessed in St. ‘Pet- er’s last Holy Thursday. Monsignor de Romania dipped his llhmnb in the oil and made the aim of the cross on the closed eyes, ea ng in La “By this hoy unct most loving mercy may the pardon thee whatever thou hast sinned by sight."

After removing the oil with one

at the early hour. The extae§e ufilondzas

y one or Rom , sacrieten.

In the Iauri. chief ers of the Papal Court _ They prevfously had prepared the articles for the last sacrament. In

one corner the room was a

co a similar sign of the cross on the

g. holy unctlon and hie most loving mercy may the Lord pardon three whatever thou hast- sinned by hearing.’ ‘men on the nose saying “By this holy unctlon most loving mercy may the lord pardon thee whatever thou hut sinned by smell." Then on the lips, "By this holy uh most loving mercy may the lord élbtilté whatever thou" hast

taste and speech. ivhe backs of the hands, saying.

“By this holy unctlon and his

most loving mercy may the Lord pardon thee what sinned b touch. Finally on the feet, saying:- "By this Holy Unction and his mdst loving mercy may the Iord Pardon thee whatever thou hast sinned by walking." After the final wiping away of the oil. Monsignor de Romania re- cited the prayer “Kyrle Eleiacn.” or "Lord l-fnve Mercy On Us." All then said the lord's Prayer.

Monsignor de R-

layers which the others joined in. for the

waxcandleaavaseof l or h

Bbrinlrlez- , a plate with small crumbs of breed, a spoon, a towel and seven balls of cotton.

Attendants watched over bv his .i“s“’i‘.'...’i§°.s"“‘...”°. ‘P’ cametoRomeImderaPlus; Pius the anointiw‘. or 4 Opera Ceremony,

Monsignor do Romania began the

Q th repeating at the some use '

h Oil. 0 Lord and I

These swiftly moving develop- . ' a

we we no. - d». n which this”. ni.‘.°.‘l.‘“;.‘.is¥‘?...'l‘°..'$

Insurgents drove out the last Haw mercy on m o God '

remnants of Government authority l,‘ to u, “at '

from Catalonia l northeast Spain. to the “ma. and 151""! °4 to the may Ghost. as it was in the

turned their armies toward central wot‘ rum“ ‘wifmwt 8% “many

Monsignor de Romania. gave the

PODe holy commifiiion and recited

t God that “ink

"8 A w" this house may come eternal hap-

sald to h e held ut for amnmty '

for his sgidiers, bug. on Franco's l,",f,'ffi,;ldgjg,°,,mi’"“i’- mm’ W‘ that the

ever thou hast r

three prayer . The fl ‘

k o! may flee; that the M»... W» norm c *- m" God, who trusts in Thee.

"Send Him, O lord. help from o ilhy holy place, and defend

"BetohirrtOIorviLatowero! strength from the face of the enemy

"May the enany avail nalnht against him. and the son of iniquity be powerless

‘Ihree final prayers were then said. ‘Iihe firm eehed forgiveness of sin and reduction of Moe! health. In the eeoond Mon- Romanls mentioned Pope Pius by his christian name Achille and besought refreshment of soul and divine healing. ‘lhe _ 1rd myo- asked Gcd to re- store the Hpe to the (‘Jhurd-i.

Unction was over, and Pope Plus Juiliodhad been recommended to his

. f

1M named lfllll- —- - fiwfid" who dalleeinirtflithtw: 5:231 $15.]: er of Mam-id, as commanderin- u", “hem g mod chief oi’ all three Infill/ll’! 59115094 guafdlgn‘ “my, he ~ . I_ _ them from all th powers

B 4"" ma}. neee, from all leis and P21111113-

tion.

The? third NIB!!! Qbkéd "ll-t Q10 9P“ m“ cfiilgrgtshogvisfiodd n: ‘a u we’ the announcement. o! the wider dwelt {n m“ xodefgerl “ u: , Mondgno and -°°'““m°’“ ‘others in uie elcl; room then is?

U1 WI! ®llffldifl

u _ . or mid i» s mm w We MM“ fififil s"i}?.’§?'?i§§“&'$“°"“°° A roach! l..er o. negotiate Dem mum’. “or: cc- to th dying made a tvhereicd over him and invoked: "In the name of the tb of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.

toward Great Britain and ti la ly for financial In Rearregnsttruct devastated s n. m“

mymmg e mmgiedour hands and ‘by the else, border c indicated. that m" m how -

$0.131.‘ E hmiadermiiessms, Vir- Quebec “New Deal”

Law Ultra Vires "fining “a”

Show Increase,

B0 loam Qqygfngf and he n; ma. ‘ Governor 0f Illnorca. do: hug;

PASSING

Pope's Closest Rela- tive aSieter, Donna Camilla, Followed

Devotion.» ' '.

VATICAN 011v, (Am-Pope

Piuaxlleavee everysmallbutde- vmted group of relatives to mourn his passing. . Bis closest relative is a sister. Donna Camilla. ‘i2 years old, Donna Camilla, who never married, follow- ed the career of her older brother with tender devotion.

he

to Home to live and resided in a peneionrunbynunashevisitedher brother at least once a week, par- ticuiarly on Bunday when he set aside an hour for his own relatives.

After Donna Camilla in Pius xrs affectims came his niece, the Mar- quiee Maria Ltiila Peralchetti-Ug- olini. daughter of his lato brother- Plermo, a wealthy silk merchant. She is the wife of the Marquis Pei-alch- etti-Ugolini, an aristocrat of the Abruzlii region, who is Minister of Ban Domingo to the Holy See.

When they were married in 192d the Pope ordered the weddin held in the gorgeous Consisto y ll in the Vatican with great ceremony. He ~ himself delivered the nuptial ser- mon and was present at the wed- ding breakfast that followed.

Marquise Persichetti-Ugolinrs two children, Mhrla Pia and Pranca Maria, have formed one of the chief

s: brought to see him every Bun-

y. Iils nephew, Count Franco Ratti, a consulting engineer has been presid-

can City, a non-salaries post. Count Rattl, too, was married in the Vati-

thef ceremony being the Pope him- sel . Pius, however, saw little of them

Milan. Another relative who shared in the Pontifrs affections his sister-in-

and Marquise Peraichettl-Ugolinl. Another persons, although not a refative, must be considered among

taken by the Pope's mother from an rarian of the famous Ambrosiana

After many years, when he be- came librarian of the Vatican lib- rary. he took her to Rome to keep his house there. She went back to

of Milan and was just ‘“ , his new home in order when he was elected Pope.

Brotherhood took over the task. 'l‘iie Poritii‘! then provided a pen-

apartment in the Piazza Santa Maria. in Vatican Oity.

all the religious functions celebrat- aalde for his relatives and friends.

brosiana Library she moved to

Signor Ratti lived to see her son become Apostolic Delegate inJ Poland. but died while he waslini

Warsaw. This was in , 1918. The war was still on, and Mon-

Career With Tender -

and Pius X. called the Chapel of the

‘on of m9 Pom-Aw; decunmg years the floor 0f St. Peter's. Th8 mp0!

my head almost grazed the low m ‘pecmmly requested m“ may ceiling in which gratings open for ventilation. We saw people walking above. Seemingly right on our heads.

ent of the Central Oouncil of Vati- llllllgét-lflilillaxgn ‘l; :11’ swim

phsguskbut ‘tingle. can with great ceremony his bride bum b9 °Y° - flmuilt 5 ° “m! m,“ an”; “name,- o] yellow marble. Its top composed of a Senator Creep! a wealthy Milan c bronze recumbent statute vi the marble circular stairs w the m manufacturer. and the celebrant of Pimflfl- '