-:1re-.Q\ -

i the National Convention in St. John's, where the

.eenwe_ _F THE GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded in 18!?» Authorized as Second Class Mall, Post Office Department. Ottawa.

'r' "' Ills A. " ‘- Vice-h “ Wm. B. Burnett; BOOL-Tftll, G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. J. B. Burnett; Aseociato Editor. Frank Walker.

fTho Strongest Memory is Weaker Than , the Weakest lnk."

CEARLOTTETOWN, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 28.

Premier Jones Anil’ 0ttawa

in a moment of frankness at the Dominion- Provincial Conference on Reconstruction two yearsogo, Premier Jones used words to des- cribe the shabby treatment afforded this Prov- ince by the Mackenzie King Government which are strikingly at variance with Liberal campaign speeches today. They seem, in fact, to have made a deeper impression in Newfoundland than either here or at Ottawa. According to the Can- adian Press, quotations from this two-year-old speech of Premier Jones are being discussed at

general terms under which Newfoundland might be received into the Dominion as a tenth Prov- ince are being considered.

Here is one of the statements made by Premier Jones at the Ottawa conference two years ago, which might well make the Newfound-l land delegates sit up and take notice:

"lt is a matter of keen interest how a country like Newfoundland can make great progress in wartime, declaring huge surpluses, when a Province like Prince Edward Island actually declines in wartime. Last year's farm? income declined two per cent under the pre- vious year while the advance in Canada was gout 28 per cent. Are conditions in the Mari-

rmos sufficiently good to encourage Newfound- land to join with Canada? lt would appear as if we are so small that we are by-passed. We cannot afford to maintain permanent offices at Ottawa for lobbying, as several other Provinces are doing. The few members we elect are hard- ly important enough in numbers to influence policy greatly in the Federal House or in com- mittees.”

In the some statement in which the above words appear, Premier Jones complained of his Government's growing financial difficulties. "The deficits," he said, "are growing larger every year due to unavoidable expenditure. In the pres- ent fiscal year the deficit is estimated at $400,- Ow-Il

The Premier's pessimism was justified. The Public Accounts for the year ending March 3i, 1945, showed an overall deficit of $552,487, a deficit on current account of $384,487. The Public Accounts for the year ending March 3i, ‘i946, showed an overall deficit of $745,434, a deficit on current account of $300,369. These figures, by the way, furnish all the answer that is necessary to the fantastic claims now being advanced by the Provincial Treasurer, Hon. Wil- liam Hughes, that the Government has had "sur- pluses" every year, amounting in the past five years to $1,771,000 and in the past twelve years Qf Liberal rule to $2,779,000. Such statements belong to the realm of unadulterated fiction. If Mr. Hughes talked such nonsense at Ottawa, it is no wonder the Province got a million dollars less than it asked for under the tax agreement.

in fairness to the Dominion Government, it should be pointed out that it was not altogether to blame for the doldrums into which this Prov- ince fell under present Liberal administration. lt was one of the Premier's complaints at Ottawa in i946 that "the Provincial Department of Agriculture is not able to afford even County representatives. The poverty of the Government precludes it." The Public Accounts of that year show that a total of $73,085 was voted for

pie; of course, a government after thtfinciples of eternal justice, the unchanging low of God.‘ for shortness’ sake, l will call it the idea of free- dom."

This address was included in Parker's "Dis- courses of Slavery", published in 1863, the year when Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg. -'

lt matters little, however, that.Lincoln did not originate the conception. What is certain is that in his famous address he added something ‘o it—-endowed it with o passionate appeal that wi" stir the hearts of men as long as civiliza- tion endures.

‘-— EDITORIAL NOTES —V Ten more days to the election.

The P. E. l. Hospital has now a nurses’ home and school to be proud of. A’ 9: k Y!

The quotation in Newfoundland of Premier Jones’ address at the Dominion-Provincial Con- ference contains more truth than poetry.

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Dr. Shaw's warning as to the destructive possibilities of medicine in the future, should be noted by all thinking people.

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Nomination Day is over. Laggards who fail- ed to enter the lists must now await another election. i‘

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Mr. Camillien Houde bids fair to be the per- petual Mayor of Montreal. Nominations close tomorrow and so far no opposition candidate has made his appearance.

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Predictions of a scarcity of fuel oil continue. So far the mild weather has helped to conserve supplies but everyone should take stops to avoid waste of fuel.

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Ceylon, which is now one of the Daminions, is believed by Maslems to be the place provided for Adam and Eve on their expulsion from Para- dise.

I I I Q

No international conference has been more pessimistically looked forward to than the Big Four meeting of foreign ministers now meeting in London, Perhaps the prophets will be dis- appointed once more and a basis for the peace treaties will be truly laid.

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According to freight statistics for October the car ferry Abegweit has not been working as hard as did the old Prince Edward Island during the some period last year. Probably the most serious reduction for Island prosperitylis the drop of one-third in the number of corloods of flour and feed.

I i fi I The Conservative candidates in the First District of Queens have added interest to the contest by accepting a challenge from the C.C.F. to discuss questions raised in the course of the campaign with regard to what really are the pol- icies of the third party. There are other subjects of equal interest which might profitably be dis- cussed in the same manner. i fl fi O

The Australian motoring industry is reliev- ed by reports that the Government will allow an additional $3,250,000 worth of motor vehicle chassis to be imported from Canada and U. S. Under dollar saving restrictions chassis imports had been limited to $26,000,000 but following a conference between Prime Minister Chifley and representatives of industry, this figure is to be increased to $29,250,000.

I I Q I

Yesterday was Nomination Day for the pro- vincial general election, and, judging from the long list of candidates—seventy-seven in all- the contest should be on exciting one. With the exception of two "dark horse" C.C.F. candidates in Charlottetown, and the entry of Capt. Read in the Fourth District of Prince as an Independ-

Agriculture-a meagre amount, to be sure; but the surprising thing is that of this petty sum, only $59,663 was expended that year by the Jones Government. ln this case it was evidently lack of initiative, not lack of money, which ac- counted lor the failure to make at least some provision lor County representatives in the Agriculture Department.

This, of course, does not invalidate Pre- mier Jones’ major contention that the King Gav- crnment has "by-passed" Prince Edward Island. lt only goes to show that his own Government has been asleep at the switch; which is perhaps the reason why Ottawa has been so indifferent.

“0f The People, By." The People"

The origin nf the famous phrase used by Qlaham Lincoln in l863--"govcrnment of the people, by the people and for the people"--has been the subject of keen controversy. Joseph Tausek in his book "The True Story of the Gettys- burgh Address," published in New York in ‘i933, so s:

y "lt has been suggested that Lincoln "bor- rowed" the phrase from others, who had used similar terms. This phrase has been used in various forms resembling each other, though not in the same words, throughout the ages. Cleon, the Athenian demagogue, is said to have used it in 430 B.C. The next record of its use that is known is found in o work published in London, in i794, where.Thomas Cooper refers to "a gov- ernment of the people and for the people." At a public meeting held at Olten, Switzerland, in May, i830 a speaker named Schinz said, "All rho governments of Switzerland" (speaking o.‘ the cantons) "must acknowledge that they are simply from all the people, by all the people, and for all the people."

As may be seen by reference to the "Oxford Book of Quotations", Theodore Parker, on Am- erican preacher anifreformer, used similar words publicly before Lincoln spoke on the Civil War battleground. A fearless advocate of the cause of the Negroes, Parker delivered an address to on anti-slavery convention in Boston on May 29, i050, ln the course of which he spbka of:

". . . o democracy, that is, a government of ell-the people, by ell the people, for ofl the peo-

ent Farmer-Labor candidate, the list remains as previously published. I i’ I

lt is encouraging to know that Canada's Under-Secretary of State, Mr. L. B. Pearson is making a favourable impression upon New York newspaper writers. P.M. praised him for the role he played in the United Nations on the U. S. plan to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. Pearson's "brilliance as an analyst and debater was never more evident", wrote PM's columnist, Victor R. Bernstein. The New York Post devot- ed its daily "closeup" feature to Pearson, laud- ing him for his effort.

‘A’ i‘ l’ 4r

The bottle of Pentland Hills, Scotland, fought this date i666 wheii the Covenanters, a political party holding principles laid down by the Scottish Covenants, were routed by the Roy- alisrs at Rullion Green on the North-east side of the hills running through the counties of Edin- burgh, Poebles and Lanark; they later in i679, won a battle against Claverhouse at Drumclog, but were later again defeated at Bothwell Brig; the following years are known in Scotland as "the killing times" when the Covenanters and the Royalists were at civil war.

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Much has been said about the need for Can- adians to develop a national consciousness, in this direction or i that, says the Montreal Gaz- ette. But a new plea for national consciousness was made recently by o speaker in Toronto. Ho said that there is a great need for Canadians to develop national jokes. To have no national jokes in a population of l2,000,000 people is, he said, a very sad state of affairs. Certainly Som- uel Butler, who visited Canada some 7O years ago and wrote "O God! O Mcfreal!" thought our jokes to be as bad as our appreciation of the arts. He said that listening to a Canadian joke was like travelling in a Canadian sleigh; you could see the point you were coming to o long way ofl, and you come to it very slowly. Yet perhaps when we are finally mature enough to become national jokesters we need not care at all what other peo- ple think of our humor. For it seems to be the height of national maturity to have jokes which those of other nalionblities cannot possibly under- stand.

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

Survey shows ft ooota 010.000 to rear a child to the age of 18. Can you name a better investment? — St. Thomas Times-Journal.

There ll crowing going on in Regina over the fact that. the wom- m there are good drivers, seldom receiving a summons. But. then it. could be a matter of iooks and policemen?» susceptibilities. — Fort ‘William ‘limes-Journal.

Bill collectors claim they have more difficulty getting money from occupants of the swank Park Av- enue residents in New York than from people ofqaoorer districts. We understand. The more you owe, the lees you want to pay it.. -Wtnd- cor Star.

"l feel especially qualified to dea] with words," said Mr. Robert. J. C. Stead. the author, address- ing the Montreal Rotary Club, "be- cause 1 come from Ottawa. where more words are used t.o iess effect than anywhere I know." — Ottawa Citizen.

About three-fourths of all pedes- trians killed lmtraffic accidents last. year were either violating a traffic law or committing an un- safe ecu according to safety sur- veys. Walk wetchfully and with reasonable caution, to keep walk- ing longer. -0ut.ario Th-affic Bui- ietin.

The high ooot of llvtng tn 1941 has a long way to go to catch up wan the high cost. of living in 1780, when in six months James Madison paid $1,775 for llundry and $1.020 to s barber. Who says Ameri- cims have an inflated idea of their Founding Fathers? - cidisuan {science Monitor.

A1 Capone was apparently out of business for l. decode before he died, but his old henchmen are sml carrying an 1n the spirit. he iucuicated in them. A report from Chicago states that. Capone's hood- Iums are engaged in their old trrick of obtaining control of big unions by terrorizing honest. officials who are getting out because they are afraid of their lives. —-!t. Thomas ‘limes-Journal. ‘

A Iurvay covering 15.000 farma 1n 814 counties 1n the United States, to gather information on farm accidents, revealed that. from October to December, 194s,‘ there were 210,000 accident-s to people living or working on farms. These Luuries necessitated a cost. of $8,750,000 for medical. dental and hospital expenses, rays The Farm- ers Advocate. The lose from usual activities totalled 4,500,000 days. This survey was made by the Bur- eau of Agricultural Economics of the Unitedfibates Department of Agriculture.

Autralfan sheep make skflng more comfortable on the slopes of Australia's southeast snowfieids. which 1n winter have a greater area o! snow than Switzerland. Skiers use mittens and puliovas made of greasy wool, which will not absorb melted snow. Australia now makes most of the varieties of skiing equipment imported until war cut oft overesas supplies in 1040. Skis are made from Australian hard- woods, including alpine nsh and arowk foot. elm. Stocks. mittens, blizzard jackets, ski-boots, skiing pants and other gear are also Australian made.

It. started from Loo Angelea on Friday night Nov. 7, as s. single tram of twelve cars, easily pulled by one locomotive. At. Oakland it picked up seven more cars. It left Reno on Sunday with twenty-nine. Ogden on Monday with thirty-one, Kearney. Nob. on Wednesday with tiff", Couricii Bluffs on Friday with sixty-two. It. got. too big and had to visit. boo many cities to remain one train, and cars were being edded so rapidly that. count.- lug was difficult. But. the twelve cars had grown to more than 200. approaching this city on both banks of the Hudson. I-t. is now New York's turn to add to these gifts of tie American people for hungry Europe's Christmas. In this port. the Friendship Food Train ends ‘its dramatic land journey. This 1s n srnail pert. of the harvest of our broad land: fruits of California. grain of the Middle West, mills of Wisconsin, dried peas and beans, something, perhaps, directly or in- directly from s11 the states. - New York Times.

In a general way. Canada may be divided into three main regions. the five humid Eastern Provinces; the three semi-arid to sub-humid Prairie Provinces; and British Columbia, itself containing many quite distinct. climatic zones, says Tiie Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph. But it. would be is mistake to group a1] Eastern Canada into one zciie. Southwestern Ontario ls something like the corn belt of the United States with its lnrll acreage of land for grain and soybeans. It. is very different from Northern Oratorio, the Gaspe Pen-

Provinces, where it is too c001 for ccrn to grow successfully. The Prairie Provinces, also, cannot be pureed 1n one climatological region in so far as crop growth and agri- cultural practices are. concerned. Some parts are too dry for arable ngriculture_ being suited Only to ranching. while other parts tend to approach humid condiiionsu There is, in addition, the Great North- land. an immense region geograph- ruily about which as yet my iiitie is known.

DEPENDENT 0N MAN

The moth of the silkworm has completely lust 1t: ability to fly

and is dependent on snsn for its narviivai

msula. of Quebec or the Maritime .

s

Women Behind The News

(United Kingdom Information)

Not, able to take an active part 1n the rebuilding of Britain's in- dustries. but nevertheless the mllniiiirln: or Britain's national life. are millions of wives and mothers who are courageously "vermin: on" 1n spite of auslerlties which hit them more severely than any other section of the commun- ity. They contrive how to feed and clothe their families, how ta send them out each morning in good heart for the work that. lies be. fore them; haw to provide the right. background for comfort and relaxation each night on their re- turn.

Now the housewives of Britain are tackling work again ~ more salvage collections - more volunt- ary work in hospitals - growing more vegetables in their awn gar- dens ~ raising poultry - nnd interesting themselves 1n g hund- red and one schemes in order to bring the end of austerity nearer and help build up a new and pros- perous Britain. By their calmness and cheerfullnesl they ue, with. out doubt. the greatest single fac- tor ln the national morale. These are the women behind the news —others are making news-

By The Skill 0f Their Hands

A novel scheme has been launch- ed by the W.V.S. whereby women who are-skilled in needlework and other handicrafts can help in the national export drive. The w, V, s, by arrangement with the Board of Trade, are supplying the necessary materials to workers capable of high quality craftsmanship 1n knitting. quilting, tapestry and carpet weaving and the like. Work which is accepted by a panel off experts will be paid for at. agreed prices and exported. No profit will be made by the w .V. B. A large order received by a. well-known overseas department store 1s being

fulfilled in reoOrd time. Then there are the women who have the green thtnnb and who are 800d at amt/ins vegetables -_ at raising poultry and keeping domestic animals — they are engaged in.

‘Operation Produce”

$0.1!» women, members of the Women's Institutes. are uniting 1n a. nation-wide drive to produce more home-grown food for the National larder. Their target 1s 10 pounds eXtra produce from each member. In this in reached, tt will mean a total of nearly three and a. half mllll0n pounds of food. Community gardens are to be worked on a co-operative basis, more pig and rabbit clubs started while schemes for goat and poultry keeping are being worked out. "Operation Produce" has been started in response to insistent enquiries from members qf the Institutes as to what they can do to help 1n the national effort. Turning to the women in Just what Qne hundred and jiffy women of Derby in the Midlands of Eng- land, are doing. They are working twelve hours a day because they want. 00 help their country through its present difficulties. After their day's work at; other factories, they 8o straight on to a rayon factory to do a four hour shift four even- ings o. week, They are umOng 700 women who are doing evening shift work at these rayon works and are producing rayon yarn and fabric, the bulk of which is ex- ported to Canada. Australia. Swit- zerland. Holland. Sweden and South America. Yes _ a twelve hour working day is a long one for any woman - but there are some whose day never seems done. Let's hear about

Ono Woman’! Day —

Mrs. Melllng of Kelsyth, near Glasgow. is the wife of; miner. Owing to the sfaggerinl hours he now works from two in the afternoon’ until ten at night. There are no plthead baths at his pit. Ho walks home, washes, changes his clothes. and eats a hot meal pre- pared by his wlfe. By the time Mrs. Melllng has washed the dishes - it ls nearly midnight. Next morning she must be up nt six to get her family of four off to work and school. There is no rest for her during the day either for she has to care ‘fir two aged relatives, one eighty years aid - the other over severity. In lplte of all this, Mrs. Melllng finds time to act as Parish Secretary of the Union of Catholic Mothers. and National Health Insurance Agent for the Irish National Farresters.

There are many women in Bri- tain like her, who work incredibly hard. But, in passing. lets‘: say well done. Granny Essex 1o another amazing woman _ seventy. seven-yeisr-old Mrs. Mary Essex of West Bond Street, Leicester. who has been in the hosiery industry for nearly 55 years - is still working as a spinner at/the same factory as her daughter and grand - daughter. She was impressed by the M-

lpelll to work longer hours, that

she decided to fall 1n llne with (he other women operatives at her factory who have volunteered to Work overtime. "My country needs me - says Granny Essex - and it's the least 1 can do," __

MarshZFPIan: ‘Problems And Progress

(by W. N. Ewer in United King- dom Information)

LONDON. Nov. 2d When Mr. Marshal told the Congress com- mitlees that success wouldmot be automatic. but that he believed it could be achieved .he lpolre the language of a man accustomed to facing the difficulties of a great entc prise.

A certainly here. in Jlondon. the difficulties are not underest- imated. Progress so far has been good - better than was expected