I-IASZAttl)’S GAZE1"

PE, NOVEMBER 1.

News by the English Mail!

IIPORTANT FROM TH E DANU BIAN PRINCIPALITIES.

Mourns or -run Dsnunii, Sun‘. 29.- We have been thiinderstruckhers bythe intelligence that 4000 Austrian h0ltll(‘.l‘8 have suddenly pounced upon Galatz and occupied it-dotie the amine at lll|'fltl—-tl‘l'l(l seized all the ports of the Danube. 'lh_c Consliiiilinople Journal speaks only of Ibrail being occupied, but no doubt both have been so. They have not only quartered their troops in these towns, but they have taken possession of police and post_uflif:t3S. so that all persons and communications_ must pass through their hands. This, of course, shuts the door in the face of the coniinissai-ies charged to consultthe Prin- cipalitics, and you may, in coiisequ0n0_¢‘«. expect Sir Henry Bulwer home. Y0" WI" ho hotter able to judge than I am, the cause ufthis detiance to the \\'estcrn l‘owt-rs. Is it a set-oil‘ for any demoiistrniioii ol ours against Naples, and ii signiticant declara- tion that, if we carry out our liberiil policy in Italy, Austria will carry out a contrary one upon the Danube and in the liiixiiie? This would be it very grave challenge, for Austria is not the power to cast iliut clial- lenge, if it did not know that it was support- ed by soiiie other power, and there is none to support it in such n policy except Russia.

“in out for the present, rather a ridicii- lous ll'_'|lt‘e. After having made war to drive Russia from the Principnlities, ive witlidi-aw all our soldiers on the under- standing that Austria would do the same, instead of which Austria re-occupies the Priiieipulities, and seizes the ports iii the mouth ofthe river. Let me add, that this is l'l‘II(lCI‘l d more serious by the reooiit con- duct of ;\!tSIt‘l1l to a French naval otliccr. Ciiptaio .“-lugiian brought out here a cer- tain class of tlat-bottomed boats, to be used in the Sim ofAzoti', and in shallow waters, for war piii-poses. The war being over, tiie captain obtained permission of his got-'(.'l'lllil|'tlI to try his boats on the Danube, and lie eoiisidered llll'lll applicable tothi» navigation of the Prutli, the Sereth, and the .\l:iril7.u. The Turks, however, do not like the Maritza to be navigated but by their own bouts—thut is to say, they will never allow it to be navigated at all. A French company in Armenia, with Captain Magnan, applied for the navigation of the Pruth and Sercth, and offered, at its own expense, to remove the obstructions in the rivers. The Moldavian government and hospodar granted the request: but Austria has compelled the Porte to annul that ces- nion, on the plea that, by the elauseot some treaty, Austria has the monopoly of navigating these inland waters. Both En- glish and French ambassadors tried in vain to get this rescinded.

‘aptain Magnan, forbidden to attempt the Pruth, sailed up the Danube. First of all an Austrian vessel ran into one ofhis boats, and destroyed it. A commission of naval officers have declared that this was done on purpose. He again sails up the Danube, and meets with every obstacle that the Austriams can put in his way. He pleaded that he was not going to interfere with the Austrians, but that the Turks had a right to at least half the [river ; that it was most important for them to be able to send supplies and troops by the Danube and the Save to their fortresses in Bosnia: and that he was making the experiment to enable the Turks to use the great high road up the Danube. To this the Austri- sns replied that they would never permit the Turks to navigate the Danube. So much for the chief ally of Turkey, who is one of the contracting powers for maintain- ing the liberty of tho Danube, and who is determined to stop it and its tributaries, not only to France and England, but to To sy-

But neither Capt. Mognau nor his Go- vernment are to be donated by the threats of Austrian agents. on are aware that in his vessel. the L ounnis, ho passedths rapids of the Iron ates, and, being for- bidden to advance h" her up the river, he left his vessel sgrou in order to go and took diplomatic succonr and advice. Tho, gallant osptnhi has got both, and has ren- ths Danube to prosecute his voy-g 'l°. not to assert the ti-sodas Ofllllliivdl,

Or, at least, to know the reason why the French flag is to be prohibited from float- ing on these waters. It is neither unnmus- ing nor uninstructivo to learn that, on one occasion, when the Lyonnnis attempted to non cable to the only landing place ofs town, from viliicli the men in authority rejected the cable, and would not allow the jetty to be made use of, the population came forward to welcome the French flag, they drove their own Austrian authorities from the jetty, pulled down the double eagle and flung it into the river. So much for the loyalty of the Dunubian populations to the Kaiser.

It is no doubt under the pretext ofRus~ siii still nieniicing the Danube by keeping -—or rather by claiming—the Isle of Ser- pents that Austrin has seized (ialatz. No doubt she will plead that, when France and England think it necessary to send back a naval force to the Black Sea, Aus- tria cuii do no loss tlinn occupythe Priiici- palitics. But this is done so manifestly with the design ofquasliing the question of the organisation of Mold-i~\Vallaehia, that it is impossible not to see that Austria con- siders lierself to inherit those pretensions which Russia eiitcrtziiiied, and to repel which we engaged in an expensive and sanguiiiary war.

'l‘he gravest consideration attending these circuiiistaiicos is, however, the report that Turkey was no stranger to the intention of Austria to occupv Gulatz. It is said that neither Lord Redclilfe nor M. 'l‘houvenel knew of it—that the iiitolligeiicc took them by sni-prise—and that, when they expressed their surprise, the Turkisli minister de- clared he thouglit they were fully apprised of it. It could not be the Turltisli Govern- iiit-iit's intention to take iiiiy reverse step, or resolve on questions arising out of the Treaty of Paris, without consulting all the ::lllt‘.~t. Ali Piielia would not do this; and, ,il‘l'ltfl|).*l, it will llt? found that the Austrians -u he of it to the 'l'ui-ksiis a step that ztwtlltl be riq.iisiti- by-and by, whilst they pircipitiiti-il it I": r fear of objections. l’t'0- vided the Freiieli and English 0ll|l)IlSt~'It’S he in the same accord and situation, the rest is ofsniiill importance. And i believe tlicy

what two such powerful countries think to to be wrong. they are fully able to rectify.

The Russian Government has ordered ‘20 steanicrs for the postal nml pnsseiiger service froiu Odessa to different pol'l6—- Constantinople principally. I need not say that two steamers would amply suffice. with one to take the place of whichever should be disabled; therefore, the use of the re- maining I7, it is for you to gucss.-.Morn- ing Put.

THE THREATENING CLOUD.

Europe has been startled during the last day or two bv the Russian manifesto. the effect of which on the Bourses of France and England was at the time vcr marked. The English funds speedily recovered from the shock, but the quidnuncs are busily speculating on the consequences of this manifesto, the genuineness ol which, al- though doubted at first, is now generally believed; and these speculations embrace questions of the most striking and moment- ous kind to the peace of Europe and the world

The first feeling which the perusal of this diplomatic note produces on the mind of the reader is, that the people of Western Europe have altogether mistaken the new Czar. hen he came to the throne he was believed to be eminently pacific, and he received credit for having had the wiir left to him no a legacy by his father, while his own views were supposed to be in the interests of peace. Circumstances favour- od this delusion. When he declared his intention of developing the resources of his empire through the arts of peace, it was in- ferred that he had arrived at the conclusion that the material prosperity of Russia would t promoted by Free-trade and the ibrosking down of those barriers of restric- tion which ths lots Cur had long built up and maintained. But straight-foi-wsrdness

3' 0

Russian people nor their ru . ‘thing in that country is enveloped in inys.

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were both equally taken by surprise, for’

of purpose is neither charoctoristicEo'f that

parcntly based on tho soundsst principles ‘often turn out to be more delusions. It is now discovered, somewhat tardily,_ thiit_the present nutocrat of all the Russians is a faithful transcript of his far-ther,—-wily, de- ceptive, ambitious, that be patched upthc peace to secure breathing time for his ex- hausted country, and that Museovite liumi- liation in that conflict now seeks revenge by casting to the winds all the professions of aniity which secured for him the respect and honour ofthe commercial and progres- sive classes throughout Europe.

The spirit ofthe Russian diplomatic note, which will be found in another column, and which has been addressed to the agents of Russia at the European courts, by Prince Gortscnnkoff, is in effect is challenge to England and France, for it says in sub- stance that ifthe W'estern Powers attempt to coerce the King of Naples into the adop- tion of reforms necessary to prevent an oin- break in Italy, or, in other words, a gene- ral convulsion throughout Europe, Russia will espouse the cause of the tyrannical King, on the principle that he is a Sover- eign in his own right, iind is justified in (lo- ing what he likes with his own. The spirit oftliis manifesto justifies the belief which prevails that Russia will send her fleet for this purpose to the Bay of Naples to op-I pose those of England and France, and at collision may arise. the consequences of which cannot be overestiniiited. The po- licy on which Russia has now deliberately entered, and of which this circular is the progi-aniuie, is so lofiy in its pretensions and so insoleiit in its tone—-maintains tlic “ l)iviiie Right of Kings" in ii form so ir- recoiicilable with inodern, at all events, with I-Lnglish feeling, that it is nothing iiioie nor less than an insult to free opinions tlirougliout the world, and us such will he l'€St'llIt‘(l. lt is a very bad augury of ll.e coiitiiiuanc-: of ])t'€IC(!-'-ll is an indication of ilie l)I‘t'ul(lng oftlint cloud which will pre- cipitate the fearful struggle between peo- ples and rulers, and decide their preten- sions of l't‘[)l'CSL'ltl8llVl3 institutions as op- posed to despotic governincnt on the Con- tinent of Euro ie.

The position of England lll this state of things is sigiiular, and some say uudigniti- ed. Our alliance with Fraiice continues ; but in France a despotism prevails hardly inferior to that of Russia herself. “'0 do not undervalue the Frencli alliance, but we preserve it at the expense ofconsistency. France has objects in coercing the King of. Naples with which England does not sym- pathise. An explosion throughout Italy would probably cause it blaze in France ; and it is the fear of this calamity which in- duces Louis Napoleon to press upon the King of Naples. All the great European Powers are huge despotisms, and they are all insolvent ; for the maintenance of large standing armies to suppress the popular voice ends in financial ruin. Is tllere any necessity for England to be dragged into this struggle, with which we have nothing to do, and from which we have nothing to gain? If we set out on the knight-crrantry of restoring constitutional privileges to all the enslaved nationalities of Europe, we ought, strictly speaking, to begin with light- ing France, our nearest neighbour; and no- thing, it occurs to us, can show the wisdom ofa neutral attitude in our position more forcibly than the fact that we cannot stir in such a content without compromising those principles of religious and civil free-

om to which we profess to be devoted. The alliance of England and France was formed to prevent Russia from swallowing u i'I‘ni-key, and thus disturbing the territori- al balance of Europe; but this object, prnisowortby in itself‘, is very different from the Western Powers becoming the Conser- vative policemen of Europe, under the re- tsnco of making a weak and foolish ing carry out certain peddling reforms, while the chronic vices of his Government re- main intact.

When the British Government sought to raise a German Le ion during the war in the Crimea, an in ucsinsnt to enter the service was made in the form of on ofsr to convoy the soldiers when the contest was ovsi-,to up English colony, mid to give each

man a piece of land to tilt. at tnno has now arrived. and the col

which hasftlis hhgdotn been selected is the Caps is Good Hope.’

‘T Ths men composing this British German Legion amount to 7000 of well trained troops, but they hesitate to accept the ofl'or of the Government heeaiise strong"- temptations, it is said, have been tendered by other Powers--by the Dutch, who do. sire to send them to their own colon of Baitaviii; by the King of Naples, who begin. to feel uneasy at the cloud which is gather. in: rounil him; and by the Republic of l‘,~--i-:io.< /t_\'res, and others, who require troops. The ndvaiitege, as far as we are concerned, if we hiid sent them to the Cape, would have been that they might have assisted our own tioops there in keep- ing the Catfros quiet. But we hope that for the future the Cnflres will be kept down, not by force but by afI'oction—by kind treatment, and that piirenlal kind of colo- nisation which raises the well-disposed and easily trained savage to the refinements of civilisation iind the lights of Cliristianity.

An appalling accident took place on Wednesday last at ii coal-pit called the llryn Melly, about two miles from Wrex. hnni, North VVnles, which has produced a serious loss of life. The accident was caused by the water of an adjoining mine, on a higher level, which has not been worked for a great number of years, break- ing suddenly into the Bryn Mnlly Coliery, and drowning the miners. At the time of the calamity there were upwards of ‘.200 hands employed, and it is pi-ovidential that all of them were not destroyed. Owing, however, to the quickness and cleverness ofa boy, the son of one of the miners, who gave the alarm, and saved his father's life by rislti-‘g his own, niimbers of the men contrived to reach the eye of the mine, were hauled up, and thus escaped; but others were less fortunate, iind on calling over the niuster-roll it was found that l5 were missing--tlie number which perished below.

A meeting was held in the early part of the present week at Newcastle-on-Tyne, to receive an address from the working men of Genoa, and to raise subscriptions for aiding in the emancipation of Italy. Letters were read from Mazzini, pressing for money payinents, and one of them declared that insurrection alone could save ltaly. There was also a comtnuiiication from Garibaldi, dated Genoa, in which he urged the same prayer. Some money was subscribed. and a resolution was passed recommending the object of the meeting to the support ofthe pnblic.— Titan.

The Sardinian governmont has addressed a circular to all the superiors of the con- vents, suppressed by the law of May 29, I855, summoning them to deliver up to the authorities all the title deeds, contractgi and registers, still in their possession, it having been discovered that the clause of the above law relating to such document! has been in many cases eluded.

On the 29th, it was stated at the police- oflice that the rosecution of the Connors, in the case o the Blarney murder, had cost the county 13000; and a post-office case, where the value of the property sto- len was about a penny, cost .£&l0

Census or ltussi.i.—°l‘hs .Mom'l¢ur do l’ do-mes gives the following as the results of the census ofthe Russian empire taken by the order of the Emperor at the time of hi! accession to the throne :—" The total num- ber of the population amounts to 03,130.‘ 000. the principal elements of which giro results iinknoivn to the rest of Europe. The Clergy of the Russian church stand for the enormous number of 510,000; Ill!‘ or the tolerated crseds, 35,000; the hered- itary nobility, l56,000; the petty boll!" gsoisie, including discharged soldierl. 4Q5.0tl0; foreigners residing temporarily. 40,000; different bodies of ‘ossaclis colo- nised on the Oural, the Den, the Wolgs, the Black Sea, the Baikal, the Bnsohkirln and the irregular Kslniucks, 9,000.0”; the population of the towns. ll"? m'd‘",° “‘ lower classes, Bfifliléuola; 33 l’3.P||:*"::.:f the country arts,‘ , , t_ 9 ing tribes. d&I,(lD: the inhabitants Of trons-Caucasian '3”. v gr and, 5&3; IN Greed Duchy or Finland. 1.100.000: -I