‘i. the following veer, 45 tens of soi.

AGE FOUR THE GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (Founded in 1581b. Authorised s. Second Clase Moll. Poet Office Department. Ottawa.

The Island G r blinking Co. President. lnn A. Burnett; Vice-President, Wm. B. Burnett; Seoy.-Treas., G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. .l. B. Burnett; Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker The" the Weakest Ink."

CHARLOTTETOWN. WEDNESDAY, APRIL‘ EL-“Ns

llir. '0hevrior’s lioiense

According to Transport Minister Chevrier, there should be no Government interference with the Transport Board in the fixing of freight rates. There was, he told Parliament, no precedent for the Governor-in-Council changing on order of ill!‘- Board but there was a precedent for the Govern- ment acting as in the present case, to bring a freight rate increase, °PPP°Y°d Pl‘ "'9 BMFdI speedily into force despite protests from Provin- cial Governments. He cited the Board's judgment ef Sept. 9, i920. The Government on Sept. i2 had declined to interfere and the increase had become effective on Sept. i3. _

This prompts the Winnipeg Free Press (Lib- oral) to point out that this position is entirely contrary ta the attitude of the Rt. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King in i920. As Opposition leader, Mr. King contested the view now advanced by Mr. Chevrier. The precedent to which he refers, was one which the Liberal party of that time strongly apposed. "indeed," says the Free Press, "the Liberal position on freight rates-that the Government and Parliament are supreme and must be prepared to vary judgments of the Board whenever it appears in the public interest to do so—-this position had much to do with the de- feat in Western Canada of Conservatives in the elections of i92l, I925 and, most particularly, of i926."

Mr. Chevrier argued that while the Govern- ment refused to delay the 2l pcr cent increase it would welcome the appeals to be made by the Provincial Governments on April 24. Hc justi- fied this course on the ground that "if the judg- ment is not allowed to go into effect the C. P. R. will be placed in a deficit position and will eventu- ally have to go into liquidation and that in ef» fect and in the end this will mean the amalgama- tion of the railways."

The Free Press rgards this as the weakest part of an unconvincing argument. It adds:

"What actually happened was this: The Transport Board delivered judgment on March 30. It was then announced that the rate in- crease would be made effective an April 8. Mean- time the Maritime Provinces, acting jointly, serv- cd the cabinet with notice of appeal. Such a notice, naturally, called for a suspension of the increase until the appeal had been heard and disposed of. The four western provinces also announced their intention to appeal and request- ed the Dominion Government to suspend the in- crease until their appeal had been dealt with. This would involve no undue or unusual delay. Under sub-section 3 of section 33l of the Rail- way Act, a usual procedure of 3O days’ notice of rate increases is laid down. All seven pyovincial governments are to meet at Ottawa on April 24 to proceed with their appeals. . . .

"No government would increase freight rates on April 8 and reduce them a few weeks later. Therefore, Mr. Chevricr's statement that the Do- minion Government will be happy to hear the appeals on April 24 may be regarded as eyewash. What has happened, is that the Dominion in its haste to boost freight rates has decided against the seven provincial governments before it has heard theargumcnts. Mr. Chevrier's references to impending bankruptcy and amalgamation are completely off the target. All that was being asked was a delay of a few weeks.

"Common courtesy and common sense should have prompted the Dominion Government to hear the case before delivering judgment. lts fari- ure to do so places the provinces in a difficult positionbut the public will know whore the re- sponsibility rests."

Steel From Labrador“

Nova Scotia is not very enthusiastic over the now shelved scheme to deepen the St. Lawrence. Mr. Russel Cunningham, Leader of the Opposi- tion, told the Nova Scotia Legislature that shelv- ing of the St. Lawrence Seaway project may prove of boom value for Nova Scotia industrial cx- pansion. With the exploitation ef untold iron ore deposits in Labrador, there will be a strong possi- bility for o sudden acceleration of the Maritime steel industry, the C.C.F. Leader said. He said Nova Scotia, with its huge coal resources in com- parative proximity to Labrador, would be the logical place for large United States and Can- adian firms to establish plants for the manufac- ture of steel. If the St. Lawrence Seaway pro- ject had gone through, however, there would have developed a continuous flow of iron ore along the waterways into the heart of the continent and Nova Scotia would have been left out of the pic- ture, said Mr. Cunningham. Potential rival for Nova Scotia in its steel development of the fut- sire was Newfoundland, whose cool resources had 'yet to be exploited.

Sell Erosion

. Unless one sees a field that hos been badlv gullled during one heavy rainstorm, it is some-

times hordto imagine that the loss of soil is as

esvere as it is. Here are some figures as o re- sult ef careful tests made at the Central Experi- mental Ferns in Ottawa:

by»! four-month summer period, when l5 ~~‘ l i .4 ,-3l.toes of soil per‘ acre were _; "surface of o corn field planted ‘ ~ up and down e l0 per cent slope.

is.

per acre were washed from the some field ln one hour when three inches Bf rain fell. In a summer followed field adjoining it the run-off at the some time was 72.5 ‘tons of soil per acre.

During two successive growing seasons when a total of 34.8l inches of rain fell, the total soil run-off on o summerfallowed plot cul- tivated up and down the slope unmonured, amounted to I32 tons per acre. Where corn had been planted and was cultivated up and down the slope, the loss was i26 tons per acre. Mak- ing the soil more porous by adding manure to a summerfallowed field reduced, the loss to il4'tons during the some period, while the manuring of a corn field reduced the loss still further to I00 tons per acre. When the corn was planted on the contour, the run-off was so for reduced as to bring the soil loss down to 34 tons per acre, and when soil was covered by a cover crop of alfalfa, loss of soil during the some time was only one-quarter of a ton.

e EDIIURIAE NOTES -

H. R. H. Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, born this date, i926.

The 25 cents per hundred pounds increase on bacon paid by the meat board provides some much needed encouragement to the former.

I it 0r i

I I

Extension of the activity of the Export Cre- dit lnsurance Corporation is provided for by a bill before Parliament. lts successful passage should be a boon to smaller exporters who arc not in a position to stand credit losses on ex- port shipments.

e n I

Stone and timber from the bomb damaged House of Commons in England is being made into small articles of furniture. It would be appropriate to take the opporunity of placing such a relic in our own historic chamber.

One unintended result of abolition of the death penalty in Britain is likely to be a fall- ing off of interest in crime stories. If the crim- iiial is merely risking being locked up for a few years his activities are obviously lass dramatic than when there is a gallows in the back-

ground. I

I I I

The London conference on safety at sea in addition to considering standards of construction and equipment hos also the task of adopting the rules for prevention of collisions to an age of flight. When the rules were first adopted in i889 little had to be considered but the be-

havior of vessels under oars, sail and steam.

e n n

Farm organizations are taking o prominent place in Belgian recovery. The largest of these is the Boerenbond, which is confined almost ex- clusively to the Belgian Flemish party and has about l00,000 members, formed into guilds in each locality. Within the society there is an in- surance society covering all farm risks, a tech- nical service, which makes available to members first-class modern agricultural equipment, and many other specialized branches. i * i I

Q

lt is a good thing at times to have a family man in chargeof taxation details. Sir Stafford Cripps, British Chancellor of the Exchequer, told the House of Commons the other day that he has decided to restore exemption from purchase tax of children's non-utility clothing. He said that the action, effective immcdiatelyfwill‘ cost the Treasury roughly £2,000,000 ($8,000,000) through the removal of the 33V: per cent tax imposed in the budget. The Chancellor, who is 5B and has one son and three daughters, acknowledged the considerable criticism of the tax and added: "As o grandfather, l have little sympathy with it my-

self."

it i A ‘I

The Ontario Government has been asked to set aside $l,000,000 for agricultural research and on additional $l,000,000 to be devoted to form- ing "education, extension and marketing." The recommendations werc made by Fletcher S. Thomas (PC-Elgin) who advocated a policy under which farming would be placed "in the fore- front of the business of the Government." Mi. Thomas expressed the opinion that financial as- sistance under this recommended methods would be better than subsidies which are used "as an emergency measure to tide over a temporary

situation."

wwvrvr

Mr. John L. Lewis gain the following testi- mony before the House Subcommittee on Miners’ Welfare: Many years ago the British miners‘ union, the British Federation of Miners, officially opposed thegintroduction of machinery in the mines for two reasons: that it increased the hazards (which was not necessarily true); that it destroyed work opportunity and augmented unem- ployment. The British mine owners were perfect- ly content to accept that point of view. They preferred to take out their profits and plow little back in the way of improvements. The United Mine Workers of America at the same time took the position that the only way in which the stand- ard of living could be increased in America, and in the coal industry, would be by increasing pro- ductivity and lowering the unit costs by utiliz- ing automatic and semiautomatic machines to do theW/ork of human hands. The United Mine Workers educated its membership through the years to an acceptance of that policy against the inherent opposition that existed in the industry when the first "iron man" came into the coal mines. ‘The result has been that the British mines have become obsolete in every economic sense, and England is staggering economically because of that fact. On the contrary, in America the mines’ productivity per day has been increased until it is now six times that of Great Britain and coal is delivered to our consumers ot prices less than one ‘third per ton of the cost in Britain. Yet the industry pays a wage structure, on o weekly basis, three and a half times that of Great

N-

Yoa oen Judge e man's egeby the amount of pain he feels when he comes into contact with new ideas. - Brandon Bun.

Ilfillilng of aklrfa- Just think of the length to which some women will go to keep in style. - Kitch- ener-Weterloo Record.

L"!!! says the people you see stumbling along in the ditches are the fellow-travellers who have Jumped of! the train. - Saturday Night.

0

A dancing instructor has worked out n new ilance in which you take one step forward, and he ls look- ing for a name for It. Well, why not. call it civilization. - Peter- borough Examiner.

In Buenos Alres a football play- er who made a, blunder was beaten to death by the angry spectators. Dovm there they take their foot.- ball, like their politics, seriously.- Amherst News.

New eomee news ln fashion note telling of B. gown that can be worn forward or backward. That would be handy for sweet young things who don't, kuow whether they're Gaming ur going. - Kingston Whig

Standard.

An English Judge has commented that. wlvcs who throw knives, tea- pots and assorted cliinoware at their husbands “often retain undy- ing affection" for their mates aria “ivould be inconsolable if the: missiles hit. their target." Still. there is such a lhlng as being to.) demonstrative Ln ane‘s affections.- Cornvrall Standard-Freeholder. —-e_..

The overcrowding of British prisons (19.000 initiates as compar- sl to 11,000 before the war) ls causing authorities some concern. Iii spite of these conditions, how- ever, many DYlSOIICfa are continu- ing their educations. The liomc secretary recently told a prisoners‘ aid society that 4-00 meu ivere au- rollcd in correspondence 60-41585 and the) one had recently gained a degree from the Ualver-lty of London. - Saskatoon Star-Phoenix.

When Fredericton was originally lalrl out. by British military engin- eers, it was made o. square of ll miles, giving lt. an ares. of l2l square miles. Fredericton mo. not. have grown in ‘population to blc degree expected at its foundatl- n. Today it. may have to rely on its quality rather than on its quen- tity. But when 1t. comes to other cities vaunting themselves on area. we expect. to hear something from the New Brunswick capital. -1-lall- fax Chronicle.

Before we are very old. hwllh authorities remind us, we learn that. words can wound! Everyone has seen a “hur-t" look On a child's face. Adult-c, too, they say, can he “out. ta the quick" by sharp com

merits. So, since no one likes so be injured. in feelings or in ner- son, everyone should guard against doing or saying things which make others suffer. A pleasant word, an expression of commendation. or congratulation, cordial greetings — all these things help, say the health men, and they create happiness for those who utter them as well as for those to whom they are direct.- ed. - Guelph lvtercury.

throughout the Georgian Bay rruir-crowins d15- brlct. are preparing for 811011101‘ year. faced with considerable un- certainty as 0o market. prospects. With the export. market. to the British isles cut. off last. year, and likely to be again this year, and other markets more or less writ- ten off, and with a surplus of processing apples left. over from last year, quality ls going to count for more than ever. No few of our orchnrdlsts have continued W stress quantity rather than L119 type of apple produced. Mapy sblll keep up trees of unwanted varie- ties, spending time and money on pruning and spraying as well o5 losing the space they occupy. —» Owen Sound Suit-Times.

Orchardlsls

"Buiicrhoppcrs" was the nnmc coined on the spot. by a brluhb schoolboy uihen he examined some curious grasshoppers on display ai- the Royal Ontario Museum, 0b- vlously they fascinated hlm. Amt no wonder -for these jliopilifi from tropical South America, re- cently acquired by the Museum. tied the grim-looking bodies of their kind, but iverc transformed into things of beauty by their 80F- gcous butterfly wings. With 8 spread of char‘ six inches. tnc wings have e coloration in shades of reddish brawn. and dainty as butterfly wines should be. This‘: winged Mappers have a formidable scientific label. of course. but. "But.- icrhoppers" suits them perfectly-- Royal Ontario Museum News.

I wished to move e hive of bees q few yards to the west. chiefly for the reason that. it was a cause of fear to o timid gardener. when I suggested to the vislilM beemi" that. f should help hlm to move he altogether refused. "Y0" “"1” move it. el. least, half-n-mlle or livi- elfinll," he said. Another vcrdic. was that. you could not. safely m°"° ii lees than 1 1-2 miles. that lo out.- _slde the journeying distance of bees. All opinions agreed that at was fatal to move ti. a few yard... st nriv rate sideways, thoulh 9°!‘

sibly it could be moved e yerd beck- werds. One must. accept the tr.- fesslonal faith; end there are many strange examples of such blind fidelity to a narrow room. f knew s farmer who moved one of his portable hen-houses n e stubble some thirty yards. an 0'"- e bird returned to it. The whore company roasted ea the IBUIUN where the house hsd been. How

Britain

tier, no creature perhaps cen com-

puaRJQPQcIQyIN

OO-O-O OQ-QO

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PUBLIL FURUM

Ibla column is open to the dlaoudon by oom- eponoente of aneeslona el tubercle. Elie Charlottetow- Ganrdlnn dose not neeemr u, endorse the opinion oi rreepondenll.

oo-ooeo-oeo-e-e-e ONE BASIC LAW

Sir, — This is a. lovely spring day, Also a holiday here in Bos- ton. 1i; ls ilhB day 0f the marathon race where men pit. themselves ln contest to determine the winner In speed and endurance. For 36 1-2 miles this gruelling grind will test the bone, muscle and fibre of the contestants, After it. ls over, the winner will gel the acclaim and plaudits of the mob, and the cup of victory from the Association. Behind ll. all will be tiho real win- ner, Father Time. He will be chalking up the miles on the road of life, where the cup of victory avlll be the reclining casket and the tape of finish, the grave.

‘Twas ever than-and lo will be

victory ls won.

It. is now 10 e.m-, end hhe crowds are beginning to gather here in Copley Square just outside my office window, to aiwalt the time of the blg event. It. seems that, men are just as anxious to see the gruelling nnd killing contests to- d-ay as they were ln the early cen- iurics of the Roman gladiators and the arena fights where human blood was spilled to excite the mobs arid to get their minds ewey from the realities of llfe in its economic and moral aspects and the responsibilities o! those ac- countable for the human misery of the time.

Yesterday, the wrltu- geve is. talk Ln Boston, nvheretn e set. forth the facts of the pas and thclr potential application to the fact-s of the future, It seems to him that. the history of man ls a repeating one where the essence remains the same with a little coloring and variation added to meat. the current occasion, Life seems to maintain a fulrly con- stant and consistent. pattern of i.l'l'8.h'S desire to express his inher- ent. propensities of naturalness. Basic among these are tihe anim- al needs and desires; preserve- tion; propagation and propagan- da. Inherent; in these are the nvhole objectives of human en- deavor. They can be divided, mult- lplierl and quotlerited in multiple ways. In the end, they will express history as it records human activ- ities since the beginning of time- and unto its end.

As man dips his hand into the bowl of energy he withdraws the powers of its fury. ' These powers he puts fnbo a bcmb of ercplosivcs with which he blasts the hopes and lives of human ambitions and llfe in gen- eral, for generations to come. Not even the vegetable or plant life can survive the destruction of merfs infernal machines.

The cause of it all is the angry passion of men to destroy ideas and way; of llfe that are at var- lance with their own. These pas- sions ere engendered by teachings and environments that mould the thoughts of groups, as they 5d.

.va.nce in years, though not in

maturity. Children live and play l-Ozehher without prejudice or in- tolerance untll the result of prop. B8i_nd.s impresses their mind, 1n- variably the most: bitter animosity is that. of religious beliefs. Child. ren so to all kinds of places to- semen, except to their respective vim! of worship. Here ls the bit- ter line of separation.

It is not the tie that binds men together- In goodwill end fellow- ship. Rather ls It the savor-d that severe the bonds of such feolty. A major responsibility f0!‘ this con- (llLlDfl is the clerical desire to put; 60mm and doctrine ahead of righteousness and Godllneas; and creed ahead of Christ.

While it may be true that we cannot compromise with the dr-vji, Yel we find that the biggest devil we have to contend vrlth, is the ono within us. as developed and nurtured by passion and prejud. l": intolerance and haired of the beliefs of others.

It. ls not my intention lo moral- izc. but. I do think that we can well afford to humanize and show how wank Wt‘. are i.n ihc melestram of world ha-irecls and fears o! the other fellow/s point of view and way of llfe when it varies from our own. .

Rights and wrongs lirivc r915. live values tn direct proportion to their locale nnd interpretation. when such concepts are inciden- tal to lZf3IlClllli§5 or habitual en- vii-orment wilhln a group or within a. locality, and at n super- ficial and conventional evalua- tlon_ _

This Is shown Ln the habits of peoples in various pieces. What’; rig-ht In Paris may be wrong In London. What's right in Russlg may be wrong lri Rome. What's flzht In Canada may be wrong in the United States, or vice verse. Anyone who has observed these concepts of right. and wrong with- in the confines of different pieces of the earth, will pppreclate how difficult It is to soy with absolute- ness, what is really rght or wrong,