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i \ I

gnu .._.

.

I'|lall;q‘ ‘mum

. Hoot-Dal. w. can» a. llaLlre m Baku-taut. J. a. our-am. NJ-

is known as “rnonitoring" and the listeners as monitors. Apart from important apeechea by

iiniiiorrtrovli jeuiiniiuui ~i‘;i."iz'.i“taizri.t'r..tatiitzr,“starlets;

words—every twenty-four hours. _ In addition to all the principal European cnun- tries and the United States of America, places

uulearalr- Wilt-J?“ 9- 5- Ilmhmm “'52” as far distant from Britain as Japan and Chile m, . . A

Managing Director. J. l. Burnett. aociate altar. Prank Wallfl- SUBSCIIPTION RATE!

15.00 year (In advance) WW5“ ~.-.~ »~"-°'--.: ' mm“... raw... “- "hif-ffufhfaait Bureau of Circulation:

‘The Strongest Memory la zVeokcr than the_ Weakest Ink.

FRIDAY. DECEMBER. $5. 19”-

Hamburg Feels The Pinch

\Vlijle the Nazi propaganda machine ‘l5 still .urniiig out stories of "successes, of German submarines, mines and airplanes in challenging Britain's naval supremacy, a more convincing testimony to the way the Wat’ l5 Kmng l5 3f‘ [Urded by the once-great port 0i _H3mb"l'8'» (iermanys largest commercial shipping centre- According to a sllwifil ¢°"'_e5PQ"d¢"t of ‘he New York 'I‘inies, nowhere in Germany is the war felt so keenly as there. Hamburgs har- hour, one of the greatest in the WOFId. Imd "35P ly extended in recent years, is dead today. Only a tiny fraction of its liumniing trade is moving. lts proud liners are either tiedat its own docks, where they are quickly acquiring a. disreputable outward appearance for the lack of upkeep or are Scattered iii neutral ports throughout the ivorld, chased there by the British Navy; Thai big Office buildings of the Hamburg fihlPllfng companies have become museums. _ Foreign shipping companics are packing and going home. Ytlanv of its great commercial houses have been reduced to skclcton staffs, or are liquidating entirely. The new British blwkade FY1935“??? againsi (‘ierman exports cut the last hope oi keeping short overseas trade through neutral muntries. The neutrals are beginning to reiuse to carry goods from or to laerliiany. liven lialy is subminiiig to the British blockade meas- ures and now Germans who have to travel to or from the Far liasi or the Americas, do not dare trust themselves to any Atlantic vessels, but take on themselves the hardships of the fifteen- dav railway journey across Siberia to japan. The fact that British planes which have visited the city several tinics merely dropped tiny 60f- fee bags t0 the coffee-starved inhabitantsbf one of Europe's greatest coffee distributing sentres is accepted with rueful smiles as adding insult to injury. German coffee today "P"? enis foreign exchange, and is, therefore, com- mandeeretl to be resold abroad for many es- lential \var materials.

This picture by no amount of camouflage can be made to look like Nazi sea supremacy. And the strangulation of trade that is going in It Hamburg is being duplicated in every other iiernian port. One can only imagine the strain this is placing on the German people, and specu- ‘aie on how long it will take them to realize the inevitable outcome that the war into which their Fuehrer has plunged ihem.~

Wool And Uniforms

[arindfrm Business defendsthe textile indus- try against the criticism that it was 1h 3"." “FY responsible for the delay in furnishing service uniforms. The outbreak of war. it seems, found the wool mills on the brink of their normally husv season to which was suddenly added _a largely increased civilian demand due_to anti- cipated higher prices. On top of this, there were large emergency orders for the Oflglml and complete equipment 0f the Canadian fOYCH heii-ig mobilized. Together, these three_ factors producd a situation calling for almost immedi- are i-apmify operation on a scale which" is not likely to he exceeded “for the duration —— but the industry organized itself for the enter- gencv with a minimum of delay and is turning out, in the current three or four months, the; probable equivalent of. about a years. normal supply of military textiles. This situation was. in fact, a lest of the industry! maximum ca?" acity to produce which is beingadequately met by the fin“. (if goods now leaving the mills.

Fundamentally, there was no world shortage of wool in September but, during w'artinie,_w'o0l clothing and blankets are used under conditions \\'l1lCll involve inevitable wastage so that there is always a net increase in wool requirements which must he met by increased wool supplies Knowing this, the British Government took control of the Australian and New Zealand wool output for the duration of the war, about of the export supply, and instituted a strict Qnnlfnl of supply and distribution. It was this situation together with a movement of wool from the Dominion to the United States in early September, because of price fluctuatiortfi. which created a temporary scarcity of wool in Canada and rcquircrl the appointment o_f_ a “"001 ihlniinistrator to deal with the_BrltiSh authorities in securing adequate SUPPIICS f“ Canadian needs. While war conditions may up- set the previous balance between demand and supply and cause prices of wool t0 Increase» if"? FIiiipii-e has the first call on its wool. resources which are. in total, greater than it will require. Empire needs will, in the long run, be filled._lt will be the neutral countries which use Empire \\'(KllS that will experience any shortage result- ing from decreased balances of Empire wools available for [heir l1\(‘, liven this shortage may not occur if limpire production can be expand- ed sufficiently:

The Ers or Britain

Every day since ihc war began forty expert linguists, several \\'l)llll'll among them. have sat at rccciviug-s-cls installed in secret centres some- where in liiiglznirl and listened to ncws and propaganda from broadcasling_stations in all pans of m.» irnrld, Day and night, working in

three shifts a day for seven day's a week. these a red stripe.

expert listeners “watch" transmissions that might contain information of value to the British Government.

lare among the countries to which the monitors

' regularly listen, and the languages in which they work range from the Scandinavian tongues to.

Arabic and Ukrainian.

Organized on the outbreak of war, the ser- vice swifty proved to be of great value to the Government, and is proving more and more use- ful ‘as time goes on. Necessarily, the work of organization was a complicated matter. Re- ceiving points had to be established, methods of rapid communication installed, and staff re- cruited. Not only first-class linguistic ability was asked of the monitors; they had to be physi- cally able to meet the demands of nightwork that involved unrelieved hours of listening — often to atmospheric-marred transmissions.

es EDIIORIAL notes 1.. The shortest day. i

II

Anyway, it is not going to be a green Christ- mas, notwithstanding the unwelcome thaw. ll I i U

George Eliot died this date 188o—“Our deeds still travel with us from afar, and what we have been makes us what we are.”

l Ill i It‘

Vice-President Garner has given his boss, President Roosevelt, an unexpected jolt. He has thrown his cap in the ring for the Democratic nomination for Presidency, and declared his in- tention of running whether Roosevelt seeks a third term or not. All the others in the field have made the proviso that if the President de- cides on risking a third term they will retire in his favour. Not so john Nance Garner.

w u n- a

It is no fun feeding the multitude travelling at this season, not to mention the tourists in the summer. A niillionpasscngers eat in Canadian National Railways dining cars each year, ac- cording to statistics complied by Mr_ \V. \V. Swinden, general manager of the department which looks after the catering. They require the services of quite a sizable flock of hens and an ample hcrd of cows. They eat 85.000 dozen eggs. They drink 140,000 quarts of milk and use 65.000 quarts of cream on their cereal and in their coffee. 'l'lie_y consume forty tons of butter and four and a half tons of cheese. i‘ i l! It‘

The Godbout political axe has fallen on no fewer than 1.000 Quebec Provincial civil serv- ants. The “bchcadt-d" have formed an organ- ization to obtain financial hclp and moral back- ing throughout the Province. Quite a few em- ployees were dismissed from the Tourist Bureau including the former director-general who rc- ceived $4,000 a year and travelling expenses, The Government figured that at this time of the year tourist traffic was light in any event ——excepting for ski enthusiasts who seem to know exactly where they are going.

It‘ It‘ ll‘ If‘

The Christmas spirit gels even the case-hard- ened traveller who hies him to foreign shores. Mr. Bill \\7incapa\v, American airplane pilot who earns his living by flying in Bolivia for a mining coinpaii_v, is now en route to the Uni- ted States to spend a part of his vacation play- ing his animal role of Santa Claus to lighthouse and lightship keepers along the icy New ling- laud coast. livery December during the last decade Captain Bill has flown over the light- houses and lightships in the Boston and Cape Cod area, dropping Christmas gifts to the keep- ers and their families. This year, however, he got a job in Bolivia——5,o00 miles away. Cap- tain Bill himself figured he would have to skip this year's ritual, but as Dec. 25 drew nearer the urge to play his tisuzil role became irresist- able. Finally, he succumbed to the desire to be Santa, and today he is scheduled to land in Miami 0n a Pan Afllirlfflll Grace airliner. i V

One of the busiest places in the world just at present is the British Embassy at Washing- ton. Because of the pressure of war business the British Embassy is building a temporary structure at the rear of its palatial home on Mass- achusetts Avenue to provide six or more office rooms. The office quarters of the embassy, completed only a few years ago, were becom-

even though a last-minute change of plans made the chancery three instead of two stories in height. Now, with navicerts for export ship- ments being issued from the ainbassy and other business details incident to the prosecution of the war being handled there, the staff has had to be enlarged by bringing several secretaries and attaches from Canada and Mexico and en- larging the clerical rolls. Although the em- bassy is the largest in Washington, the space was found to be inadequate for the present emer- gency. a w n- n-

The origin of khaki as the British field uni- form having been settled as of 1854, the place India, military writers in London papers are concerned with the origin of the centuries-old red coat until it was superseded by khaki in the South African War in 189i). The records, both written and pictorial, reveal the red coat for iii- faniry an cavalry was in use as far back as the Battle of the Boyne, in i090, but Sir William Power in The Sunday Times of London, quot- ing from "A Short History of Our Army" by Captain Owen Wheeler, places the origin at more than a century earlier. "When the Eng- lish under llenry VIII captured Boulogne in the campaign of 1544, it is memorable that the scarlet uniform was thcn seen for the first time in the field. The ltlnglish forces were distin- guished by the badge of St. George's Cross; one body was clad iii blue coats guarded with red, with the right leg hose red and the left blue with Incidentally, the Irish insurrec- ‘itions of 1579-83 foreshadowed the use of khaki ‘from the request then made that the men be lfurnishetl with ‘coats of a dark and sad color,

To the BBC. which. in association with the as russet and such like, and not of so light a

lllinistry of Infnriiisiiiiiii, has organized and op-

grates this unique information service, the work inonly been used." .

color as hluc and rcd, with heretofore hath coni-

< ~--‘ y

ing cramped before the outbreak of the war.‘

rut ivnr vmv

If there U to be democracy after the war in over, democracy muat not be abandoned vmlle the war la on. And when the end comes —- tne victory. for democracy which the democracies anticipate - there muat be something done to pro- tect the world against a recur- rence .01 the aggression which has resulted tn the conflicts now in prozieaa. ‘Ihere must then be a new drive for the establishment o! collective security. The democrac- lea. of t/he world will have to take the lead in the establishment of a. league of nations -- by whatever name it may be called - with poww- er; to curtail the ambitions of dic- tators and agzreesors. In the mean- time. the spirit of democracy must be respected, not suppressed, with- ln the deni- moles them-elves. The thing for which the war ls fought abroad must not be lost at home.- "roronto star.

Educational institutions like Har- vard. Yale and the University of (lineage. which heretofore have for generations enjoyed the income from huge endowment funds, are suffering troublesome handicaps that are arising an the result 0f reduced returns . . . . .. At all three of the institutions named, and perhaps at others, the loss of ln- come la forcing the governing authorities to release many faculty memnebera tn the lower brackets, such as instructors and assistant professors News reports from both Harvard and Yale have tad of the quandary the heads of ‘those fam- ous seats of learning are finding themselves in as the result of the reduced returns from endowment funds. High taxes and low Interest rates have combined to reduce the endowments to be expected from contributions by rich men and slashed the income which educa- tional institutions already have. - Florlda Times-Union. .

Available world supplies of phosphates. copra. rubber and

vegetable oil-s are largely con- trolled by Britaln and Ffiance, and countries that are pfEpEilTd to trade wl-th Germany have only small exportable surpluses. And yet substantial shipments under these headings have been inter- OODWG. Nor is the priaductlcn of substitutes in German factorlcs likely to relieve the pcsi-tzon. In 1838, for instance. Germany pro- l

duoed between 20,000 and 40.0w tons of synthetic rubber, but. at the same time -=lie still rcqu red

to import 180.000 tons, mcst of it from British Malaya the Dutch East Indies, Cc-ylon or S am Dur- ing the last few months lt ls quite conceivable that; her synthstlc production has mcreascrl. but, un- der war conditions, so has her consumption. Every ton of rubber diverted from Germany today is probably acoenluatuig an omen gency demand. So it ls vvth other classes of good. wlilnh Germany must olatalu from overseas and, when the precarious positzon of, German exteThal credit is also taken into consideration, it can be seen tlhat the blockade must prrve an offensive weapon of the first

magnitude - Auckland News. What happens to a ncivsnaper

when a country is taken over by

tzhe Germans is demon trafed in

Prague where the Ccslo Slcvo, has‘ dwindled from a cjrcwattoti 0t

80,000 b0 1,500 and the publisher is not. permitted to suspend publica-

tlori though losing money w vi every issue. The newspapers of Bohemia are compelled to publish editorials written by Nazis, de- nouncing Czech freedom mcve-

merits. They must. also refer to the British Ministry of Information as the "Ministry of Lies." and though Churchill ls the mrst popular All ed statesman in Czeclio-Slovaka, th"y mus-t. publish continuous and bitter attacks on him. Newspaiter readers soon know when their favorite has become unreliable and the drcp in circulation frcm 80,0 to 1,500 is typical of what has happened all over Gemaany where the people no longer nave any confidence in their so-ealled newspapers. The maple are not as easily fooled as the Nazi believe. - Niagara Falls Review.

German alr raldera have brought the Shetland (or Zetland) Islands into the war news. Public notice is a rare experience fri- thls re- vmote part. of Britain. The Shet- | land group lics north of Scotland,

makes up a Scottish country, and is m0 most northerly British possess- ion iri mlrope. There are more than 100 islands and islets. but only one quarter are inhabited, and ln some of them tlhe population consists only 0d a few lighthouse keepers _nnd ahepherds. Altogether the ls- ] lands have an area o! 352 319 acres

and ln 1931 had a population or ]2l,410. having shown a slow but.

steady decline since 1861, The larg-

est. island, Mainland, had 18,268 of

the people, Mainland is 54 ml‘es ;long and 21 miles wide, but the |coant llne is so broken that n0 spot in the Snetlands la mere than three miles from tihe sea. They are the Bermudas dcne by nature ln a more rugged st/yle. - Ottawa Jour- nal.

The ao-called "Lou Leader Ant," which has just. received third read- ing at Victoria, ls a cunous piece of legislation. It appears to a-s- sume that the old theory of the profit. motive an a tome 1n human aiffa-tris la quite without validity, for it Insists that a man ln the wrocery trade must have a profit of at least five per cent on each and every transaction and makes it an offense for hlrn to weep/t lem. mougli we act in a statute of British Columbia, and though acceptance of a profit of less than five per cent. 1s an offense under it, the eta-tum la regarded a: some m. different from other statutes and the offense as differ- ent, from other offenses. The at- tmney-general has admitted that. he does not feel lllp to enforcing the Lona Leader Act. If it ls to be eniforoed, apparently, the Retail

a r. sit-w-

A Few Well-Chosen ' " Words (ONI )

‘the perxeot ‘iiaoiiib o! welcome to a vlattor wal given the

l0! f Ge '-' bocauae am:..“ta....°:"

T e mayor we are told. t: a far- mer, ha; held cept for the time or his service a soldier tn the Great. War. “Illa brown, seamed face working with emotion," the mayor aald that words to the King:

“In the name of my thank Your Majesty. I thank y pecple, I thank our splendid and

F‘ w osoly united with

e en army our bore the defence of a 33.1fm. an: cnilipenind the defence of all an y.’

The little speech was mitten the vlllace m" t. so the mayor zalbd later. and 1t was perfect. It aa everything that needed to be said and ln the fewest waslble words. Every additional word that might have been piled upon its at a thought and touching almpll tv would have gone his that far to re- duce a. masterpiece the dull level or the ordinary address of vv ome.

America Looks North

(Hamilton qnctator)

‘lliere 1B I- Dfl-Pt of the North Am-

gécan maléilandd who; gills em 4m" W!‘ i. e or of

Soviet. Russia. y c‘

Between Alaska and Sibel-l; 11¢; the narrow Bering strait, cuttlng this continent from Europe. It Ls B, winter-ravaged and treacherous part 0.1 the world. and the geo- graphical speculations that. turn the Eyes of somewhat nervous na- tlons-even over here-to all even- tualltles, do not, re d ll as a lo- gical path of lnvas on. Even furth- Br south. where the strategic Aleu- tian wands form a 500-mile step- ping stone link between Siberia and Alaska, nature throw; up formidable defences against mill- tarv Operations of any kind.

But the United States, stirred by recent events and ever-watdiiful of Japan and the Soviet, ls making fl stronger toe-hold up near the “roof of the world." A sin-vey has been made. and. on the autiiorli of Admiral Hepburn, “naval or bases _ln the Alaskan area will be essential ln time of war." So Al- aska is being strengthened by out.- posts for vhe United States navyki patrolling seaplane; and sub- marines; preparations are beiln made to greatly enlarge the lan force, and to establish air bases. The southern coast of Alaska is, after all. only 700 miles from the state of Washington.

This brings the Dominion into the picture 1n a quite pertinent way. Alaska, the former ‘Russian Am- erica", which was bought not so very long ago from the czars for

some 57.000000 covers 600,000 square nules. and the coast-line reaching south along British

Ccfumbia was the cause of a bit- ter and prolonged boundary dis- pute between the Dominion and the U. S. A.

That. was settled, but more re- cently a new problem has arLsen. For long the United states has been urging the co-operatlon of Canada in building a highway up to Alaska. British Columblan op- lnlon has been divided, one sec- iion of thought. h0ldlng that it would be purely a military route for the Republic. others that it would benefit, both ln cash and ultimate defence. the Dominion as we'1 as the United States. There is still a good way to go before the present. highway could reach Al- aska, and the problem still oc- cupies the close attention o! both countries.