PAGE SIX LIBERAL ADDRESS

(Continued From Page 5)

iii? Compare the record o: his Gov- ernment with the records of both "ll clmbbell and the Jone: Gov- ernment and give you the figure: a: shown in the Public Accounts.

First. let me make a general Ilfltemenl. a state or a corpora- tion that pays all ordinary 9X. l y’ penditures out of ordinary revenue ilid out of ordinary revenue sets iside regularly an amount suffic. cnt to retire its indebtedness as its indebtedness falls due, l: in a round financial condition. How. "ever, a State oi- a Government whose expenditure greatly exceeds its revenue is practically facing financial bankruptcy and is in a financial morass. In this state- ment I am using the surplus or ilcfil-ii shown in the Public Ac- fllllfllfi before charging up Sink- in: l-"unds.

'l'iic Public. Accounts are pre- pared by the Auditor, an employ- cr- o,f the Legislature and nCt of the Government. Sworn to do his duty. ’I‘lie Auditor 1s an official entirely independent of any Party and his records are examined by the Public Accounts’ Committee of the Legislature on which all parties in tho llllllaturl III I0- picscnlcrl.

in 1932 the Public Ar- couiits show a surplus oi $ i933 Deficit i934 flcflCli 1.035 Deficit

17300. 20.000 143.000 245.000.

.\ nct deficit during the four ycar tcrni of office of the Conser- vative Party of $392000.

Let us now check the record of the Campbell Government: In 1936 Surplus $122000. i937 Surplus 87,000. 1908 Surplus 139,000. 1939 Surtplus 84,000. 19-10 Surplus 7,000. 194i Surplus 212,000. 1942 Surplus 281.000. A surplus of 5932.000 for there IPVEIII X5811.

'3. ~.' 13;,-

Nmv, let us review the record of the Jones Government includ-l ing the budget figures for the current year:

194-3 Surplus $ 340.000. 1944 Deficit 44.000. 1045 Surplus 18,000. 1946 Surplus 463.000. 1947 Surplus 986,000. What do we find? An overall

surplus for these five years of $1.- 771000. or a total suFDlus for the twelve years of Liberal Adminis- tration of 82,700.000. Can the Leader of the Opposition or his Party call this piling up huge de- ficits? Isl this financial bankrupt- cy?

The Conservative Government had to borrow $391000- 10 m9" u! deficits accumulated during the four years it was in power. Dur- ing the twelve years of Liberal ad- ministration the Liberal Govern- ment borrowed not one cent to finance deficit oh vfdillliry Bccwnl and had the magnificent sum of S2,7C0.000 to place in lhc sinking Funds.

Liberal Borrowing: You have now before you two , statements one made bv DI‘- MacMilian on September 15th and the other made by me W51 "°“'- 1 , believe it is abundantly clear that both statements cannot be right- ’ 0h )13y'i5, 1947, the Jones Gov- crnment borrowed 51000-000. for highwav construction at a rate so good that; no other Province in r Canada cver borrowed at a better rate and seldom. if ever, did any other Province borrc-w at as 800d a rate. If Dr. MacMillans state- mcnt is correct. then the bond houses and financial institutions of Canada extended to a bankrupt» Province the best rate that they ever cxtended to any Province in -~'Canada. In other words, the bond houses and financial institutions of Canada don't knc-w their own business. On the other hand, if my statement is correct, the bond houses and financial institutions of Canada know what they are do- inz and gave this Province the ex- (‘client rate they did because of its splendid financial position and its record of surpluses during the twelve years of Liberal adminis- tration. The figures

used so far show

ficit for that year of 0141.000. In I047 the Jone: Government will opend 33.000000 on the lame four

‘inlormative account of (iii llclristruction in medicine and (b)

i deficits and surpluses. Let us com- ,_ W _ a pare expenditures during the Muc- [inihersgge bginzfergnxntiaz W525‘; Mm“ am! Jones reglmei I Wm tvnanpeniclllln would'be effective take the H“ 1934' "he hm’ m" for local application to infected year q the MacMlllan Oovern- mun“ Howevm m, m‘ "u. Inent. and the present year of the his suggestions my dormant Jones Government _ 1947: ,Tm years later a group o; Mnmum" “n” workers at Oxford. led by the 1934 l9" Pathologist Prof. Florey and, duc i imulatlon of the WEI‘ P Hum‘ ‘l’ welfare ziaiglewisle searching for an anti- ’ ‘$75300 ‘ mum“ bacterial agent. They investigated Education 806.000. 766.000. Hamming‘ prevlous work, and Agriculture 37,000. 200.000. ma.‘ “melted Flemmmgs cmoper. p Public w0rk! 350.000. 050.000. ‘mom Togeh," may produced a " Ii i‘ substance suitable for ettpffrlmfirllal _ Total: Q 1,098.000. 0 2.699.000. work in Wm- w°und5_ 5 _ Deficit -— $148,900. 1;" 511F171"! — 8995.000 Gangrene ii I“ 1934 D“ Mumnm" 0°“ "When it is realized that war j Ofhmfltf- lDent 811199.000. in the wound infection due ga: gansi-ene. four Service Departments above which I; dug w an organism found mentioned and had an overall do- h; the soil, and particularly the

A meeting of the “Men of tlie Kirk" was held in Si. James‘ Hall last evening under the chairman- ship of Major J. D. Stewart in tne absence of the president. Maj- or D. L. Matiiieson. After prayer by the minister. the Rev. T.H. Blis- sell Somers, l\f.A.. S.T.M., the 1.21s‘ Choir under the direction of Miss E. Lillian MacKcnzie, Mus. Bac. contributed a delightful pro- gram of Christmas carols. The two soloists were Aleck lviurchison and Jimmie White; ivliilc a trio was rliirlcred by Gordon W'hite, Peter lRcssell and David McNevln. The looys were enthusiastically ap- lplaoded for their cfforts. After Mr. J. A. McConnell and 'l\".i. Harry Hyndlnan had been ap- pointed representatives of the Lay- ,nlt‘i‘s Association, an address was dtlivered by Dr. J. I-I. Shaw, M.D., C.M._ D.P.I-I.. Director of the Pro- gvirlclal Division of Laboratories. cu “Recent Construction in Medi- inrle." The speaker gave a vly Recent

I

Potential destruction due to medi- cine, at the close 0f which he was awarded a hearty vote of thanks. Dr. Shaw said:

“A few days ago when I receiv- cd an invitation to spcak before tile "Men of the Kirk" I was told that a speaker previously selected io. this evening's meeting had chosen as the topic of his talk- Construction-presumably in the rcalm of engineering. "For reas- ons beyond his control" as the; sag over radio stations, he was un able to be here tonight and I have been asked to pinch hit. ‘Considering the subject select- .:o by that speaker-Construction- -I thought it might be applicable if I too planned a talk on the same term but having i0 do, per- haps, with my own professional interests. S0 “Recent Construction in Medicine" might be selected as one heading.

"It time permits. and I can "construct construction in Medl- clne" to its limit, I would also like to add a few remarks on what the

l

Dr. J. H. Shaw Addresses “Men Of The Kirk” On. Modern Day Medicine

privilege of our Maritime hospita

cllided such Kirk-men as Dr's. Lea

Lhe treatment of war

France.

but it still deserves ill.

nulne of wondervdriig "The next drug about ivhlcli

01181113

itlcpal-rine We (in not, hear mail-h about ii in this couiitrj- but as it is used lo tieat “lllvh affects more people

arij other ailment. that is, which man is susceptible, it nirdiately assumes importance - and that ailment ls malaria.

"Further, I might say. that as ti e Germans used it first they ivoii oiie major victory and I refer to Greece, and we lost a great strong holo because of the lack of it. Burma ullu Singapore.

"Later because of our use of it. with knowledge, we were able to complete a great campaign and that was Italy.

"It is a yellow powder. given in pill form and is very bitter to late. It has a tremendous chemi- cui formula involving, 39 letters. Wlieri I say "used with knowledge"

im-

I mean discipline (Atabi-in Sgts.) Malaria

"Malaria ~ from tlie Italian

vlords mal and aeria mcnns bad

air-The decline of the glory than ivas Greece and the fah of Rome were doubtless hastened by Mal- aria. It is very epidemic for ex- ample in Mauritius, Wlllffl‘ was free of malaria until 1365 the chalice rel. of a ship from the inalarious African coast introduced a mos- quito carrying the plirtisite. Th» d:sease nearly decimated the island with over 31.000 dying of the dis- ease. The use of Atabrln will do rrlucli to open up malarious froli- ticrs. as well as help control the 2.50000 cases which ocrul‘ annuiti- ly in the United States.

fulure may hold. and what may lie ahead, if political science does nLt heed the tremendous advan-l ces recently made by the Ermin- ttzing sciences (and I include,’ there Physics and its allied sub- jects) and the Medical Sciences (and with the latter I include bac- teriology and its allied subjects.) So y -fi.st “Recent Construction in Medi- clne"_ and second “Potential De- s-ruction clue to Medicine."

'“Now to get along with "Con- siruction." What some may consider 3 the most notable advance in mod- ‘ ern day medicine. that is, from the practical or elfectlve point of view, has been the discovery of three drugs.

“Namely-—Penicillin, atabriii and tile third which is commonly call- 9d D.D.T. Let us consider each in turn: '

First Penicillin-

‘For tnse of you who have had opportunity to play around a bit in the field of bacteriology this ciitllne may perhaps make sense. "By way of explanation, we use I" the laboratory, round saucer~ like glass receptacles filled with a _ltll_v-like substance called culture media. On that we plant organ- isms, from throat swabs. infected wounds etc. and. following a per- lod of several hours growth in an incubaton these organisms mul- tlply rapidly and colonies of them are quite visable to the naked eye.- "One day in 192i) Prof. Alexandr: Flemming then a professor of Bac- teriology‘ at St. Mary's Hospital iii London was demonstrating a cer- tain organism to his students. Dur- ing the course of his lecture, with the cover removed from the plate. a spore, floating in the air, settled down into the culture medium in that. particular plate. In other words he got a contaminant on tvnat was otherwise a pure culture.

"Now that happens every dfly l" an bacteriological laboratories. but, iii all of the bacteriological labora- tics of that time thcre was only one Femming. He made the ob- servation that (he original colon- ies in the vicinity of the 519010. which in turn grew, and formed a colony, were destroyed.

toil of France and carries with it o 50-50 per cent mortality rate. their stimulation to find some drug

department: and will have on over- All surplus of nearly 31000-000.

JVote Liberal and have o Gov- ernment of action end surplulen.

to combat this infection in British troop: becomes quite obvious.

"Florey then journeyed t0 the Afiican theatre of war a: there

lished in the rat populations

tiliuevw be for sometime an en- demic focus for plague.

case carried by flea: from rats, wlich in turn carry the disease.

of Justinian 50 per cent of

yoie Conservative and get a Gov- grmncnt of inaction, deficit end ‘loom.

l

t NEW TI IIANCI . MIIJDHIGION-JOIW-A new brunch of the New Brunswick health department, known ll the Tuberculosis Control Dlvillon, has hen entebliflied under Dr. G. I. lhddleon. Iloncton, N. l-

were plenty wounded there at that time on which to make suitable trials. The result was beyond their fowdeat hope. "It we: the privilege of our ho:- pim group, in England at’ that rmo to see colored motion picture: of the technique and result: ill the use of penicillin and to have them explained to u: by Prof florey himself.

"Store: of Penicillin were then accumulated for ua: from D day

F

entire population of the Empire perished due ho plague.

ed 70.000 of the then 500,000 pap. ullition of London.

llftulllly happened along destructive I “u:

pane: on one occasion dropped in. fected material containing the or-

The third drug. D.D.T.

“it. was in May in i943 when I had the privilege of attending lt course given for nicdical officers at the Llonrlon school of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

“At one lecture we were told we were going to hear about a new diug but that it was very top so riet and in fact we were not al- lowed to write notes.

"Then we were told about A L 63. Fliat was the name then given to LlllS drug D.D.T. and which was on the secret list.

"Now why was this drug so lin- portant in tlie war effort. To under- stand that we have to know a bit about at least one of the major scourge: of mankind and before which disease, armies ivll] break and run-that disease is typhus.

"This disease is probably of great antiquity, and down through the age: has certainly decided more campaigns than Generals. On the plains of Thessaly it killed nearly Ciro-fifths of Xerxes 800,000 troops.

"It scattered the crusades at the gutes of Antioch and Jerusalem. It was typhus, not Ferdinand and Isabella, which liberated Granada from the Moors; typhus decimated Napoleon's grand army in Russia. In Serbia in 1914-15. 150,000 per- sons died, which fact dissuaded the Germans from campaigning in that country in World War I.

"From 1918 to 192.’! in I-vithout Ukraine) 6,095,178 were rcportcd.

"The organisms of this disease are conveyed by lice so it is easy to understand why sul-h an effec- tive insecticide would he of tre- meiidous important-c should typhus iii-cak- out in our troops in this past var.

"It did actually slop an early cllicleniic in Naples just after that lily was occupied by British troops. Without D.D.'l". thc outcome might nave been disastrous.

"All of these remarks haie had to do with constructive medicine, true many of thcm the outcome ti a war.

"But now let us consider

“But now let us consider S.lcntlsts.\the type which con- structed these marvels of medl- clne, turned their efforts to un- leashing the forces of destruction which are now impeded by their plesent constructive efforts. Here are two examples of what. actually has happened:

"On November 4. 1941 --1 month before Pearl Harbor a Jap plane flew over the town of Changteh iii China. No bombs were drop- ped and the inhabitants, emerging from their shelters were puzzled to find bit: of rags and grains of rice littering the streets. Within a week bubonic plague erupted in Changiteh for the first time in 10 generations. The disease got estab- and that area l: now, and will con-

Russia (‘B585

if if

Plague ‘What i: Plaguef-It is a dis- “Hirtoiiy tell: u: that in the reign the Roman

"In 1664-06 according to Dafoe ournll of the Plague year it kill-

cn in France and it was again, the ¥"'-1-‘1l'1 and in that group were in- and Campbell to be the first Cati- a..ian hosplta] to use penicillin in ivuunds in "Penicillin has come a long way y I would like to speak is Atabrili or very all ailment than

to

considerable

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

scientist: were prepared for :uc)i nltuurel. Ind moblle unit: im- mediately querintlned these con. tamlnatcd area: and slaughtered i\ lc; buried infected animals. These tactics on the part of the Germans were not followed up for the same reason a: why they did not use poisonous gases.

"Some intimation of planning fri future destruction, Lf our friends in political science fail to solve world problems, is the fart "tat as early as 1942. Lhe U. S. mobilized 4000 Army. Navy and Ci- vi‘iaii bacteriologlsts and technic- lails for a project which rates a: lflir biggest effort in the history of biology.

“Its purpose ti at naturally requires of offensive tactics.

‘It embraced the whole of bac- teriological warfare. Its centres of i-lsrarcli were, and are, at Camp Detrick at Frederick, Maryland. There is the biggest biological 1a-

I i

i

was defensive but knowledge

l

riiana: and Pascagonla, Mississippi; Dugway. Utah, and a centre for the navy at the University of Cali- fuinia are large centres of experi- mental rasearch in this field. "They have envolved such pro- ducts as botullnus toxin which i: the most lethal of poisonous 4'10- stances known to man. Here are some mathematics-One ounce wculd kill 900 billion mice-trans- lated in weight ratios-ISO million humans or all the people in North America. However, it is relatively not important because you can't. liile up all tlie people of North America and inject them with tox- in even if you wanted to. "However the threat, just threat, mark you, of particular toxin in the hands of the Germans. spurred the a.lied group of bacteriologlsts to HLhIEVC one of the major, hither to unrecognized triumphs of thc war. Wl/.in a few months before the Normandy assault, enough bot- u.irius toxold was produced and stored in England to immunize all the front line troops in the European theatre.

"In the use of disease produc- in; organisms which I described plcviously and which cause epi- demics ln man, biological sabotage would have to crack one of so- ciety's most powerful defences — the public —heaith system. which limits the spread of epidemics through vermin. food and water. “One channel, however. lies be- vrlnd the control of public health. 'lhis is the air itself. and has to dti with the use of aersols.

I

the this

Alrbome Disease:

‘As we know the common alr- borne diseases are spread from person to person through the mic- roscopic droplets of moisture that art expelled by sneezing, coughing and even talking. A demonstra- tion of their approximate speed and distance of their travel is provided by the action of exhaled cigarette smoke. Technically these clouds ire called aersols.

"The present state of aerasol technology as applied to bacterio- logical warfare is of course, a mill- tary secret. However from one re- Uri; we read. "Precise methods are developed for measuring clouds of organisms, for determining the viability of the organisms in such clouds. and for studying the fac- tor: controlling movement: of alr- borne pathogenic agents."

"Now consider the use of these sprays directed only against plants and animals. This gives war a new dimension. They bring agriculture as well as industry into the target aiea.

"For the destruction of farm ani- mals the weapon of choice would be endemic disease. ideally one that ls equally infectious to man.

l

A: for plants, botanical agent: would include epidemic rusta. severely reducing wheat harvest, for years.

"More decisive in their effect on phlnts would be the man made growth regulators, synthetic hor- linones of the 24-D variety.

' "Turning to the field of the En- Hli-Beriiig Sciences. the production of atomic weapons involves a ma:- sive new technology and a vast In. dustrial system of its own. ‘ "it is possible now, before the plants are built, to set up an in- dltvtion csystem, a: suggested by tnc United Nations Council, WlliCh ' might work-Russia agreeing.

“The biological weapons pose, tic wever. an entirely different prob. iem. Almost any biological labors. tory. any brewery or distillery plant can be used to produce bi- °1v8lcal weapons. Even a public health laboratory might be, to bio. lflslcal warfare. what the plutoh. zum pile l: to atomic warfare. "Even more than the atomic bomb these agents equalize the Power between greet and small states. Their raw material: are ev- erywhere at hand and their manu- facture and stock piling call for more ingenuity than capital. “Biological warfare then, i: : game anyone can play. It 1: a men. ace that place: a high premium lirl sanity and responsibility in world affairs.

“There i: a clause in the char- r of the United Nation: which stllte: that that committee i: charg- ed with the rtspons" "ty, _"'Other major weapon: adapt- able to weapon: of mas: deatruc- l tion.’ ~ "A famed biologist he: recent- lv remarked:

‘There might be lome debate a: to what weapon: will b: uled in the next wer but there l: no quee- liou about the war alter that. Those weapons will b: etione: and spears.’

t

bcratory ever built. At Vlgo, In- I

llo Increase Seen In Egg Production

Egg production in this Province "apparently is showing no im- nrovement," F‘. M. Nash. senior poultry products inspector says j-esterday. "l say apparently,” Mr. Nash continued, "as there is a pussibllltyi that shipment: are go- ing direct from producer and country grading stations to Marl- tllne wholesale and retail points. which would lower receipts at lo- cal wholesale plants."

Mr. Nash was giving a regular Dominion Department of Agricul- ture egg atid poultry market. re- ptrt.

Continuing the report said: Quality is good and the product is moving freely to Maritime and Neu/foundlatid points. Due to an influx of Central Canada eggs iii- io the Marltimes and the discon- ,tlnuance of direct shipments to Newfoundland by boat, which necessitates the routing of eggs through North Sydney at an ex- tra cost_ paying prices have been reduced two cents per dozen and ‘dealers are now paying producers tor ungraded eggs delivered: _A Large 46-46 1-2; A Medium 43: A iPullet 35; B 30-32; C 20.