O . ‘ ‘ " '~-/ O 1 , 4| i1'Mrmers, `:'Da`irym“" ‘ ”"” ` “"

4. _

en.

TO THE -v FARMER

pn;-more and' others interested are lnvited to contribute to The Farm, The Dairy, The Turf, and Good needs departments ‘ol The Guardian other by question, correspondence or otherwise. Answers will be given by “parts to all Questions of gene;-nl interest and lliace will be given to ,ny articles that will in any way help to advance Prince Edward Is.

' ||nd interests.

Contributors are asked to have their articles at this oiilce early onel, geek, as only a short emergency mm can be handled as late as one p.m. Wednesday. All received after

I

Th°"° Hl'0. howev r vegetables which one tbl: niggifnttqeeirbl “°t 5° billed. and the next best meth. °d is that °f "l'°a"ll“E- TTY a sweet P0tato_ boiled and one steamed and notice the difference in the sweetness

“then” “V9 f°¢°11UY been made as to

tabamount of material lost from veg. e es when boiled and steamed, an article in the 'Home Economics Jour- xii Eivvllrhsome facts that nre_wor¢h Bch U81; H e writer shows that spin- it . 0 ed, loses 31.59 ,per cent. of B fo_od material, wlno gplnwh steamed loses but .18 per ognz, The “sh lost in b°ll1l1Z lliilltiuli amounts t0 51-65 Per cént. while insteaming it is but 9.34 per cent. -Cabbage loses 4252 Der cent. of its ash when boiled and 11.47 per cent. when steamed, Hh<_>l1t one-fourth as much. Carrots steamed show loss of 6 per cent. of U10 illtif’-T. HB ¢0mDared with 17 per

ci(:1n;.f.t when boiled. If they are boil-

;;fothe|;tw0. Some interesting comps,-_

that hour cannot appear until the e er cutting up the:1oss_is increas

foll0WlD§ W¢°k- this that steaming is more economical

than boiling as far as the food ma-

' terials saved are concerned. As the

ed to 26 per cent. It is evident from

e _ . . » ~ e .

_ _»,»_~_»_»2e~,~»_»_~.°

THE SCHOOL A

MID '

O O O I O O O O O O

:ego»,o¢'o0,¢»2oo,»,oe'ee.e».»e.n,¢»;oo:»:oo:»:eo‘

_ . ,_.,..

~. |11

Contributions for this department

should be addresse_d to

President Teachers’ Association

Guardian's School and Homo

P. 0. Box 188. Charlottetown

Yoon sci-fool.,

(Canadian Farm.)

Holidays over, and again the little

and big are settling down ,'to the usual round of work. We are all thsnnful that there is in each year a long period ol uninterrupted play for

-'°¢»;»;»»;»¢;»¢:»;»;»;»;»;»;»¢;»»;».;»;».;»;»»;»;»;. flavor is retained potter g is

eze

, » o o o e o o ¢ o , ,,»»_»‘»,»¢,~,.._»,»_»_.._.;¢

thc little folks. They are just young animals to be likencd to kittens or lambs, full of mischief and frolic, and just as much in need of an abundance of fresh air 'and exercise, My sym- I-iflllly DHS always gonc out to the wee tots sitting long houii on hard scats

in stuff over crowded school o M'

Y - r oms.

Thcy are hardly, allowcd to stir and must not speak. Pretty hard lines

when we come to think of it.

lf thcre is one teacher that should havc n kindly heart and an extra sup-4 Dly of good common sense and get wcll paid for her work it is the W teacher in the primary department. I A young, inexperienced, giddy- girl is t often considered well enough qualifi- H cd to teach infants and the big mis- ° take is made right at the very start 0 of the child’s educational career. In 5-

b08rd hss_ alwa, copsi ered 1;, -12 rrimwceomwddcssmf ise*no2l’l in carefully sdlccted, and l1aid~her ac- V cording to the high worth they plac- C

A good ‘teacher is almost beyond lu

price for in .her hands is placed the b moulding of the minds of our youth e -without, question the most valu- r nhlc asset of the world-and yet they b

$250-$300 for n., year of nerve_-wreck- in ing, brain-tiring work. We should be 5

more. p

Men and women will not stay in w

the teaching profession for any length 8 of time, they use it as a, stepping 0 stone to something that brings them A in a decent living. The salary should Bi be such that it would intice people W of brains and ability to take up is

teaching as 9,1ife's work, then will them; oonscquently too large H- bed

0;* ezwzoozo 0? o_o o_o .;. .;. .;. .;. »’e »°¢ 3. e e

. » Ui J. = e e H

o » . e » » e e e ¢ o e » » e

lfltli und 19th day, and continue in hut condition two or three days; ii ot too fat, or overicd, she will, il ouplcd with n boar that is all rigllf. rdinorily get with pig, and farrow in bout 112 days or sixteen weeks. Dur

Fargo, North Dacota, the gdnool ing this pcriod she will be much bct-

q grofl allowed _to _i;u_n,,i,11.Pf1sb},\f@;, at

ariety of food ‘ will be much more onducive to the health of the sow

ed on ber work and position. and her future family than condos-

g s

eing bred from she will fattcn very aslly, and should not be allowed to un with a lot of other pigs that are eing fattened for market. While il- li

are such an underpaid class of toilers desirable to have her pretty well up

hould not be fat. A few hours hBf0l`6

ashamed of it, s ditch-digger gets the pigs are to be born milk can be

ressed from her tests; she should be

ble bed, free from lutI’uBi0Il by Digs r an other stock, and undisturbed

h way,

W0. Steaming should be mor`e popu- lar than it is.

Steamers for household use are on

the market, which'are made of abot- tom pan for the water and four com- partments for cooking different mn- tcrials. A pipe leads into each one of these compartments, which has a hole on the side of it through which the steam escapes into that compart- ment. When the compartment is set upon another these pipes form s flue and steam goes up without becoming contaminated by the odors of what may bc cooking in any one of thc compartments. 'This is economical of fuel, because scvcrnl things may be cooked at one time, using one burner.

Vegetables may bc used in several

ways after steaming just as after boiling, as, for instance, mushing, scnlloping, frying and crenming. To scallop or creumcd vegetables may 'bc added bits of parsley, green peppers, chccse or pimcntos, to make attrac- tivc color nnd to vary thc flavors.

............

e;:

FARM ~,-

. 0.0

ue no

N N °I~ so ~»

eo Q

non une 4

»: .

¢o‘u‘ee.oe‘oe so

. 'z 'O

ANAGEMENT OF

SUWS AND PIGS

(Farm and Home)

When not_in pig, or suckling, nsow ill usually como in heat about cvcry

t"5v“ei.ts;=i»refity‘ or esarene"§se‘ n

ent on n sin le kind of feed After

flcsb when the Pigs are film, she.

here sho can mnke herself n comfort-

y .

deep bed with high walls to its des is und, as the pics may milto- ards the bottom, where the mother almost certain to step or lie Ou

children have before them ideals worthy of imitation. _

Too often n flue teacher is let go because he has' been offered $100 more somewhere else. The very fact of him being ` sought , after tells his worth. Butz' S100 more salary~cannot be considered-and so a cheaper man. probably,,` in every respect- takes his place,f~' I had an almost wasted year in Iii-y own school life from lust such a ease. _

Take an interest in the teacher of your children. Ask her to tea so she may have the opportunity of meeting the parents and seeing the home life of her pupils, She will then have a better idea of what she should ex- pect, and will have a personal con- Ccrn in their advancement. D0 not listen encouragingly to

tnlcs or complaints brought home from the school by thc children. Little school incidents are often exaggerated. or misrepresented. It repeatedly happens thnt an _unruly child forms a dislike for a teacher who insist: on obedience. Children's

stories are often far from reliable. ‘

Never, no matter how grevouslv it fault a teacher may bc, never speak dispnraglngly of her before your Children. Visit the school, lool' about it Wliill

n critical eye, sniff the atmosphere iy0\l`ll not .likely have to sniff) to ascertain if the ventilation is R005: “amine the seats, secif the llgllilnlr is proper, don't forget the drinkinB Dail, which should be a covered earth- cn crock with a faucet, and tech child have herown cup, _then ekaillina the play grounds and do'n’t fall f-0 E0 into the toilets. If some hall-GMBH

Parents sac? term made such a tour -0! inspect on, n much desired and needed reformation fvould take,PlB°° In our centres of education. Don’t be 'indifferent or ncglectful towards your school.

-qu-n-»-nu-_-_-»-°

FOOD VALUE IN VEGETABLES

_daluable in the diet fruit, they form the

which we 80% ¢°f' Ash is one of the

tain

this is li!

is. if the

or too much litter is worse than too little. If she shows a disposition to devour nor pigs, it is recommended as n, good plan to rub them over with H cloth slightly mniatened with Defama- For n day or two she will need little else than some water und sl0D. “°l1 too cold or too rich, then her feed should be gradually increased in quantity and Quality. lille mfm in charge bearing in mind that for a time what he. feeds the sow upon must not 01115' ba her support' but the sustenance of all her famillf Of little ones, Maize alone, say an American farm iournal. is "'°l`Y P001' milk-making material. About one part maize meal to three parts bran or mmdungs, soaked twenty-four t0 thirty-six hours, makes a sl0D that. with grass or other grccn food, ll\`0‘ (lucas healthful milk and healthy Digs- When the pigs are three weeks old. i some sweet milk is placed where tlwlf

ooh find it, and where it will not 1:] eaten by other animals, they wit soon teach themselves how to en . not only thc milk, hilt almost any soft food thnt may be supplied them: and they will in a short time clit f surrrisinz uuantltv. ¢““5l“B B "“l’l‘} growth, with muph lcss tu§Bln¢ “ and wcur and tcar of thc sow. They should hc kept going and growinfl ll* this way until about eight weeks old, when thuy will do t0 WUBII-

,____....__----

RAL MANAGEMENT

‘GENE ' or Pouurav.

t th ull ts to lay

if vlhelymirriat ddgxantl; ‘loaded abon't to suit some fend! 0! lillllf 0Wl\¢1`.(;l0 the pullets like the small holder,h 2- sire some flxity bl f-°l\“l`°» l>lB°° t ‘lm once and ',for all in the runs they no ¢o occupy during the winter, and do not move them again. Coceral or no cockerel is another question. po;-gonally I thlnk_a cockerel should bo turned down with them whenever possible, not that' they will not la! lf one he not present in the Sup. not many people ilnd that the ppl l 9 settle better and commence laying sooner if a cockerel is allowed in the pen. V _ _ , _ .

- Bee that 'theyfave all eml>l° r0°m on the perch an that none ecvlt K- bout on the floor -or in thc self, D01' es, allow fresh all .without di-sulll¢‘

have not a large grass run on which to dlsport themselves. In the case of confined runs mudh can be done to promote exercise by burying their grain fairly deep in the litter of their scratching shed and by suspending their green food at such a height that it can only be reached by s short jump. To summarise, the pul- lets must be comfortable and .be suit- ably fed, fairly warm and sheltered, and in- good condition, all simple things. but sometimes difficult of attainment. Do not allow the grass to grow under your feet, feed up tliose that need it; reduce the rat- _ ions when necessary; alter the quality if required, and allow the pullets to remain in one pen; mate up and al- low the cockerel-to remain in the pen do not be always changing males, remember the grit, both 'shell and flint, 'and this untirjing, well-directed energy will not go long unrewnrded by a full egg basket.-By W. Hooley in the Poultry World, ,

THE USE OF OILY FOODS.

- (Selected)

A certain quantity of oil or fatty

matter in the food of young stock is supremely necessary. Foals, lambs, and piglings are allowed all necessary fat Which' is contained in the milk of their dames, but the calf ls nearly always robbed of its due share, ow.- ing to the sale of its mother's milk. To supply the loss of the abstracted fats many substitutes are tiled, but the nearest approached to milk fat is cod liver oil or linsecd oil. With adult stock the oil contained in thc cake and corn is sufficient for pract- ical purposcs, but it falls far short of the requirements of calves during the first four or five months of their existence. Whole linseed contains a- bout 36 per cent. of fat. It should he well boiled. A good method is to soah it in cold water for a full dny and then boil it thoroughly, when in the form of thin grucl it can be ad- ded to thc separated milk. If the linsecd is ground in it will not need to bc boiled for so long a time as the nnground. Care must bc taken, however, that the samples are pure and frce from the seeds of weeds, and in the case of ground meal, that no dustfor fine shnd is added . As the linseed is costly, it offers an induce- ment to the adulterator to practise his hand.

The following is a sum-

mcry of the type ol pig recommended in the leaflet is- sued by thc Irish Department of Agriculture: -(1) Neat head. (Z) Light neck and shoulder. (3) Dccp

lhcnrt and wcll sprung ribs. (4) Thick

loins. (5) Stout thighs. (6) Short legs. (7) Long and silley hair (8) A long side of moderate depth with thick flank. The pig that commands the highest price is an animal which when well finished and not overfat weighs 170 pounds dead, or 200 pounds-. living., :A goodrpig' should reach this weight at 'the age of ' six to seven months. Great care should be exercised ‘in keeping the houses in which the pigs are kept clean and comfortable. Cleanliness of the sties and feeding of pigs is essential if the animals are to be I-apt in a`. healthy condition, and thus have power to resist infection.

CO-OPERATION.

(By T. A. Benson)

Why is Cooperation not more suc-

cessful among Farmers?

(1) Because up to the present time

the majority of farmers have not learned the necessity of running their farms strictly on business principles, as other business men do. Nearly ev- ery body clse is working in coopera- tion with others of like occupation. It is quite as necessary for the farm- er to do so.

(il) Because usually the farmer does

not keep any other book than thc bank-book furnished him by the bunk. Business men as a class do not run their business in this way. They have lcnrncd the necessity of keeping hooks and in thcse books they keep accounts of every branch of their business so that they are able to de- termine their proflts or losses in each department. ~

(3) Sometimes unfortunately ical-

ousy on the part of individual mem- bers of on Association caused by sus- picion wrccks n Co-operative So- ciety. It should hc remcmbcrcd thnt all are in business for mutual benefits.

Farmers being naturally more self

supporting than other classes, they feel themselves independent and arc accustomed to manage their own af- fairs without paying any direct sal- nrics or commissions to any one, and what are looked up0n ns larg° DI‘0lil2H by the farmer arc considered as small by tho ordinary business man.

Thcrcfnrc often when farmers get

into business co-operatively they ex- pect a manager to work for too lit- tle and therefore do not Eat 5005' work. They lose sight of thefact that well conducted co-oll€FBll"° methods would more thun gustify PHY- ing a fair salary or commission.

WHY FARMERS SHOULD C0-

. OPERATE

Farmers should know the actual course their eggs and l>0Ulf\'Y 153° in reaching the consumer, the condi- tion that the produce is fn when it reaches the consumer, and the price paul per poundior per dozen by the consumer. This knowled¥° W0“ld "°` veal to them that a great army of mlddlemen are making as much, if not more, out of the artlclc than tilt producer. The farmer ought to con- trol the market and not the market

'tm farmer.

Look up the history of the great

trade corporations at one time mak- ing a scant living by reason of keen oompotltlonf These men combined, is not their .wealth due to their con-

wlll P¥’¢‘i

nk _t abircnubulyunelllb-

cuisine been it my

qfg§°F__“ll'Ff“l ,

t oi -~ tram. ,_ _doubt mann ink ree this is Ali-ied too fer, but I

'd ite the feedland care the de-

i .

the principle hm! applied is goaod and should be" 'ed to our agricul- ture. The farmer should be in a po- sition to tell thei commission man or the 1-obber what his commission shall he and what he shall charge the con- sumer. We want co-olleration be- tween producer and consumer. There are several ways in which cc-opera- tion can take lplaee in the poultry Ibusinese. . . _»

1. The co-operative marketing of

eggs by the formation of egg circles &c. ' 2

2. The establi|xhn'\ent_ of central

hatching stations 'where mammoth in- cubators could do the hatching for a. neighborhood. - 3. The establishment of central

fattening. killing and; packing houses, &c.

Cooperation has been, and ls, the

very life of the poultry industry in Denmark. 1

Our creameries are an excellent ex-

ample of what co-Olleratilon can do. It is not the intention to condemn all middle men, because distributing cen- tres are essential, and it must be nd- mittcd that in the hands of the large egg dealers several of which we have on our Island, eggs receive proper treatment and we hope to sec thcm all help in this work.

.;..;..;..;..;..;.~;».;..;»;..;..;..;,.;..;..;..;.s;..;..;..;.L:. J ' ~

‘ rua nauur 352

e o

.;..;..; .;. .§. .=. .;. .:. .5 .5 ._.

O . . . . . . . . .

$0 . . . . .

O ¢‘

o e

e.ee.ee.oo,¢e ee eo oe ,eo es."

\ 7

MILKING- BY MACHINERY

IN AUSTRALIA.

e‘¢

The dairying industry in Australia

is among thc most prosperous, and with the extension ofoperations thc latest labor-saving machinery is bc- ing adopted. For milking the mach- ines in use are the latest. At one dairy where about 100 cows are in milk, there arc seven machines in- stalled, providing for the milking of 48 cows at the ohe time. The mach- incs are working effectively, und ap- pear to find favor in thc eyes of thc practical mon. They' combine cffici- ency with simplicity, and present no difllculty in handling. The design of the tent cups permits frcc circulation of air, consequently complete circu- lation of blood around the teats. The rclcaser conveys the milk from. the cow to the separator quickly and cleanly, owing to the automatic nd- justment of' its inflow and outflow. The approximate cost of' installing a plant 0( this kind iB $1,750, aflil ‘it is capable of milking a hundred cows in about two hours.

AVERAGE YIELD. `

A common qucstlon round the fac-

tory rcceiving platform is -“how arc the cows doing?" _W_b$§\a volume of thought that suggestedi' If they are doing well it is because of good feed and careful attention; or may it he

esp . Y serve, but do not get? Leaving a side the question of weather, breed, heredity and perslstency of flow of milk, ls it Possible to account for the remarkable didcrences in yield that are to be found? For instance, the dairy division at Ottawa found in one locality 100 cows that gave 3.000 lbs. of fat last month, but 100 cows close by in the same county gave only 2,500 lbs. of fat. Another lot of cows 100 in the near country gave only 2,200 lbs.

Is the ordinary factory patron's

herd keyed up to the pitch of credit able performance, or is it just jog- ging along in the old rut of ‘favor- age yields?’2 Suppose the patron ascertains his herd is doing "about as well" as his neighbor’s, does it not geem a, great Pity that llii BID' bition should end there ?

Average cows can go vastly better

if their owners train them and train themselves for better 1‘¢SUlf-S- If €HCl\ lot of 100 cows in thc Dominion gave an additional 500 pounds of fat per month, would that not make a start- ling difference in thc amount of thc pi1tron‘s cheques? Cow testing has

hclpedmany communities to far lar- ger banking business, bccauso it shows that scores of cows, and aver- age herds, can be mndc to produce far more than they do at present

Mako each cow pay n good profit. l

e

e

seen ooo

e e:eo:oe:» ez

¢°o 3 0,0 .;. 0% .§. ego ego ego -ego 0:4 ego ego ego ego ».» e o e o e ~

ee.”

*I = Fl *-1 E Q

e ¢ .;. . . ef. -°:»:»¢:'» e

o e e o o »o.o».c¢.ee,oo,»

e ego og. no e? o_o ¢ »

o ~ e e

. v,oo‘ee.oe.e

'Z ~;. »;. . .O

o o

CARE OF THE HORSE.

The efficiency of a. horse depends

much upon the feed and management given him. More than kindness and liberal feeding are needed to get the largest amount of work at the least cost for feed. The teamster must un- derstand, or at lcast know, some- thing of the physiological laws gov-I ernling the development of muscular energy and something about the na- ture of feeds suited to yield such en- ergy.

A horse is a mechanism for the production of power somewhat siml-~ lsr to an engine, but we call the fuel he uses food. There ls, however, this important difference. An engine may stood idle for any length of time and at once have its steam pressure rais- ed to the limit without iniury. Not so with a horse. He must be brought to his limit of exertion very gradual- ly, through weeks of "hardenlng." A horse that has stood idle for months. weeks, or even days, is not as able for great exertion as the horse that has been at regular work every day.

Failure to observe this injures more

horses than hard work later in the season. The same principle governs for the bricfer periods of hours. A horse should not be put suddenly to

'first hour of the da t durln all the others. y g

A lesson is to be learned on this

point from theyctice of the race horse. When a_ hérse is to be put to

the severwrain of the afternoon “W9 11° iS _- at very slow work in

the morrfrig and his speed very gra- dually ncreased until *ho ls tho- l`0“8hl! warmed UD- He is then kept Warm and in motion until time for the race. ”“ Farm and road horses are seriously iniuredby being suddenly warmed by , continuous heavy exertion, when first hitched for the day, and then allowed #to stand until cool and again put at ,heavy exertion.

1

THE HORSES COAT.

(Farm and Home.)

The gloss on n horses cont has 56011 Well 00mDared to the bloom on fruit. It is a faithful index to the animal's state of health, and its ab- sence enables us to tell at a glance 'that something is wi-ong_ just as ,with man a pale face is iudic'tiva ol internal mischief. Grooms and wag- goners are apt to look upon this Kluss merely as a matter of appear- ance, and to supply its wants 'by art- ificial means, such as hot-and stuffy stables, supcrabundant clothing, and dosing with irrltative mineral pois- 0l\S. etc. These men would do well to remember that nature _invariably works in thc beet way possible; that they may in some instances assist |161". but can ncvcr improve upon hor, Regular feeding, watering, exercise, ,Kl'00millH. an airy, wcll-ventilated stable, wurm clothing (for the most delicate kinds of horses) in cold weather ure tho best preservatives of 11 healthy skin, nnn, in fact, of honitn genernll

‘bc dry, and never hot. A free current 0! air Sh0lI1d be allowed to pass li through the top nf cvcry stable. lf the horsc seems to fcel cold, an ex- c ff” Fill? and Hood fccdini: will mend matters, but on no account Should thc vcntilntora bc blocked, It is bct-, y ‘ter that thc cont, should he a llttlc rough than that this should be done, 50 ll0E~ 1". is hot enough for any stable. Some advocate 70 deg.,

whatever the external temperature mhy be. The consequence ol onen- treatment is, that whenever the stable door is opened and the natural temperature admitted, up goes the horses coat, and he gets chilled from the fresh current of air being so much colder. In the case of farm stables the animals frequently stand in flltb, which is a frequent cause of grease and other similar affections not to mention several diseases of the foot. It is' not necessary for every horseowner to possess the knowledge of n vet., but if he will treat his horse pretty much after the same fashion as he treats himself, supposing him to be a man of mod- erate llabits, he cunnot err very far from the mark.

-?__l_._.....,

° ° e°o _.._. z

.,. .;. .;. . ._. .

oesooeoeeeeeoooeo ,egoo,o¢.ee.o»,ee,oo,»,~.¢o,on.n,»e.n,o»°eo_o

so exe

., .

let the water run oil into-the girly ditch. You may have several' ict- slwllv. and, again, there may beonly, one or two. About that wrdo not know; but it is a perfectly sale 5p`ro- Position to go over it after every rain, so that it is smooth `when'c'o1d weather sets fn. Wagons passing over, it will roughen it up somewhat,.bnt if so go over it again. If you will let the road freeze up smooth it will he smooth all winter, except when lt is filled with snow.

"lf you want to have a smooth

road all t-he way to town, then per- BUMB yvur heighboss toward town to do the same thing. Point out to them that it is to their interest to do so whether they get paid for it or not.

You must do either one of two things-make the road smoth or have it freeze up rough. If you allow it to freeze up rough you must go bump- ing over it, or, worse still, have your wife go bumping over it until ou

.1

e e.. »

Y. is

The temperntnro of a stable shoum edccts of frost on dirt roads can be

prepare a rond for the winter is thus ,

agricultural pulilicatiom-

ge 2: 3 *I 3 ‘e o o o e

vga o ¢ »f. 0'. 3 ez. e.. 0:4 e »

on so ¢

e e e e o o

ON GOOD ROADS.

(Selected)

F'm'mcrs generally are coming to

realize that good roads are to their benefit in as great a degree as to the automobilist, While the automobile owner can select his own route, not caring if his journey in lengthened in order that smooth going may be en- joyed; thc man who uses a team of horses is compelled to tnlic the short- ost route, no matter how poor the roads may bc. To the horse user, thcrcforc, the highway problem is of great importance. -

By the use of the split log

drag on dirt roads wonderful results huvo been achicvcd. It

GOOD ROADS _§,

wear down the bumps by the actlon of the wagon tires. Which is easier- to prevent bumps by the use of the rad drag, or wear them down with the wagon tire? You must do one or the other, and it seems to us it is better to smooth the road down with the road drag. » "Now, if we could persuade our readers in those sections where we have dirt, roads to do this simple fhlnfl. and if wc could persuade them, in turn, to persuade their neighbors to do this simple thing, thu road problem would bc solved from Nir vember to February. In February there is usually a thaw which affects sn inch or two of the road, especial- ly on the smith hillside. When this timw comes, just go over the road again, and it will then be smooth until the frost goes out of the ground in the spring.

“If you will lmcp on doing this,

asscrtcd that cven the bad

hc split log. The wonk necessary to ,

xplained in a well known western

"Take your road drag and go over ,

t

averted by the proper employment off B

k tbat thc wntcr will run oil there will

yi-nr after your, you will find that hc frost which is to go out in the prlng will bc vcry much less than it s now. The frost under the roadbed s simply canned water, and if you eep the road so smooth and hard

in less wntcr canned. Why can UD

our road cvcry time it begins to dry

wntcr that must bcnve up theroad

off after a rain, between now audi

B ovcr it and thc sun sbinc on it and

wintcr. and thus fill up the ruts,° mooth it down, ict the wind blow,1

as it comes out as frost? Why not ct it run oil, instead of having it un- dcr your roadbcd?"

A LABOR LldAllldIt ON

UNIVERSAL TRAINING

(Republisbed from “Canadian De- fcnce.")

The following lcttcr was uddrcsscil by MP. H. M. iiyudmuu to thc mem- bers of thc liriiisu Socialist i'nrty, and appeared in thc L-ecus and Dis- trict wcckly Citizen on May Oth iust:-

only international party in the world ,which persistently strives to bring it

democratic way of doing this is by

zen Army of the "armed nation," cvcry citizen being n soldier and every soldier a citizen, the officers beingi elected by vote.

The resolution on this point passed

at the International Socialist Gon- gress of Stuttgart ran thus:--

“The Congress considers that the.

democratic organisation of national! defence, by replacing the standing army by the armed people, will prove an effective means for making aggres-' sive wars impossible, and for over- coming nntional antagonisms." Emile Vandervcldc. who reported for Com-| mission, said: “Yet we must recog- nise thcre is n right of legitimate dc- fencc against illegitimate utta.ck;" and, referring fuvourribly to the Swiss' system, he rcmurkcd thnt it had the objection of being olliccrcd by the bourgeois, "whereas," hc went on,

- we ¢-.-_-_-_-, _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_____._._._.___.___________.______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_Dear Comrudcs.-The International Socialist Party is, of course, strongly iiolillosed, as I am myself, to militar- .ism and armaments, and calls for their. complete abolition. It is in favor of universal peace, and is the

we must ilcuiuud thc election of such'

olliccrs." \ 'l`hc International Socialist Con- gress oi Copenhagen, in its long un\i` elziborutc resolution upon Militnrlsm, War, and Arlnumcnts, put itself on record as followsz-

"This Congress rc-uillriizs thc rcso-

lutiuns of former lntcrnntionnl Laon- .gresscs, and particularly that of thc rltuttgart Congress", nod lu;-ther A-1-Q. quires from its representatives:-(d)

‘ pression.

‘tional citizen army with elected offl-

rac - mine nxmy w 1 nom na ci officers. About this there cannot possibly bc any dispute. f We British Socialists are living in

an islaml, forming oursalvcs, whether we like it or not, n part or this nn-` tion, which contains rl small mercen- ary, militnrist army, dangerous inf peace and ineffective in war, that is quite incnlmblc of making head against such huge forces as are at the disposal of Germany, or Russn, or

France.

Moreover, the people here cannot be

adequately defended hy 3, National Citizen Army nlonc, oven if we had one Wc ure dependent for six-scvcnths of our necessary food and for the bulk cf our rnw matcriul upon supl>lics from countries scpnrntcd from these shores by long stretches of uccnn.

»

.-_-.-.-,-,-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-:,-_-_-,-_ _______________~___._-,-_-_A_______.___~_~_.___._.___._._-_-_-_-_-_-,-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_»: _-,-,-,-.- -»-- .-.~.~.-_-_-.-_-:rf--r

Ilrituin “for making aggressive Wars inipossible" than is thc National Cit- izen Army for any (lontlnental na- tionality; if our i|\d€l>€I1d€l1C6 ll! C0 U0 maintuincd, tbc duuger of our being bclemgucrcd and famine-stricken is to ,bc guarded nguiust nnd~-a serious point for Socialists-foreign political rclugccs ure not to bc surrendered at discretion to foreign dcspots.

Those- \vho argue that, so lim! HB capitalism endures, the inhabitants of

The guarantee of the _independence oi' the Ulllllfll Kln|Zd0m "MY l“Bl» BB Well all nations and their protection from live \\l\‘l0l` l-he C10* ‘ll R}‘E'll‘f military "attacks and violent sup- C ti d Pa B Emvem) _

\ ( on nue on ll

These resolutions, thus passed and `

reaffirmed, are being acted upon, aff ` on-1-|_| rs'r1-rn dulonll

this moment, by Continental Social-| lists. In France and in Germany, in particular, our comrades are vehe-

nnoni. But the International social-l "WNY OPPOSIHS militafisvlu H0* bv T"=."° xsvsr01|EDEHORlEl

lgt pal-ty has fo,-many dem,”-ed thatlpure and simple pacifism, hut, in nc-, ` go,el:l¢}1='\‘;;»:|:|:\gnr‘;\°In:,§er:i°C;lof: every nationality nas the right to as-|¢0ffl8~“f° with the injunctions of the e msnnuer-»|_a.»-carnal, fend itself a ainst force f ms llnternatwnfil Sodallst COUZWBS lY ml n°"°" '°'T°'°'“'°'°“"

8 o ar ;and _ _ I " I

has stated that the best and mos; advocating the establishment of ana- m

Wsllziq,

»/old -me en wugnu ner--one penn |,¢,f.._when den,ernsd. Cows give ) ‘ more inns--and ann me esngorln of -*,, shlppinir by rail or boat il 1 -' ' lllminstod.

°-»

_ A . . . *C .

thc establishment of a National Citi- cerztagalfzlst “_ °""Bcrig’t’°"‘st, 'Trl

(Pure Bred Certificate No. 5|

The greatest bred of all the stal-

lions. A great young sire. Futurityl bred all over, and the sire of colt trotterl of size and substance. Will have a grand lot out at the races this year. Watch them. They are the kind you want, Kaldah, sister of Acquiri is the dam of Baden $.05f, the largest money winner in 1912 and the premier winner, in regular rae.ng events, of all time. B1sden'e winnings for 1912 amounted to $15.- 775 and a Gold Cup valued at $500.00 for $30,000. Service Fee 815.00. Russian Nobleman _Prince Viammlkl and he was afterwards sold to the

J. M. NICHOLSON

(lonscqucntly, in very powerful nnvy

is cvcn more indispensable to Grout

IOZ Kent Bt.,

\

7'* ' _ gm

` "vo

to endorse it.

DEAR SIR-I had A mere which final

and the heaven. and I have worked and

the most exec lent art cle for e est the stab e. lt prevents dryness and har smooth and health! llovuh an

, directions soon remedy anyt

the hoof. W. A. U.

:Za B Z-1 :=-

veitrime exertion even alter a rest of an hour. More horses are injured the

and heaven for subnet sax months. an bwome so fhln there was nothin! left apparently but skin and bones and l was tempted to shoot her A lr end of mine whohnd used Dr. J. flooqzburfs Horse Llniment. w th good sueoen|i,ln- duced me otry one bottle of it which I d ci with the beet r4sults.l used lust one and one half bottles nf the Lim- mnnt which effeoteda cumpleie cure ol butb tba cough

s n e.

d D . J. W b ‘ H l»..l,..f3l.‘i“.'.'l»..§i.".".'€’E.‘§l‘.. 1.|.ll......»¢_.‘f».°él.é'I.l.li..?..'.7.‘i ' adv se all horse owners tgéilyégucx egkéigxéyh

uma sm:-I have need pr. J. l'vcouenr»'~’nf.rse

Linimant lora,numbeii ofyeartsk; spd hsyeh found ftto‘be

Ixuled according tn

Horsemon Attention!!

DR. J. WOODBURY’S HORSE LINIMENT & DR. l. WOODBURVS CONDITION POWD:

ERS will save and preserve the life of your horses. Their use will cure and prevents the diseases com mon fo horses, such as Coughs, Colds, l)i.~'!cmper,Gianders, Spavlns, Pink l£ye,Spiints,Curbs,Enlsrge` ments, Cracked Hoof, Kidney 'l`ronb|e, Fevers, Cuts, Sores and will remove bunches of all kinds.

Cures:

SPLINTS

CURB9 SPAVINS

ENLARGEMENTS

COUGIIS COLDS

DISTEM PER GLANDERS

Before lluins FOUNDERS Aff" Ulirs

Usa this preparation thorough? for all and cvcry disease of the horse for which it is recommended. Crlticise

it closely. Carefully watch, mark an nnto its effects, and honestly judging it on it's merits. you will be compelled

'l'L_S1'IllON|ALS

a very bnd cough

GENTLNMEN:

Horam Liniment" colds and Inmenos best results for di

driven her ever in my stable

0 0l’lBB ISI) ln dna e. promotes a

e cortractions of LL. M.U March nth. itll.

FOR SALE DY ALI. DEALERS

Manufacturers: FRASIER THORNTON O. CO. LIMITED. Oeokehi're,Q\te. if

MHBBRS FRABIER THORNTON il U0., (iooklhlrf, Que.

bent on the market, and would never be without I bottle

(Signed) WALTER BLATER. "Cash Llverl."

FRASIER THORNTON Q D0.. Cooklhlre. Que. “

: - O

ongiellig Heil: M":ilelul:eT'lIi:v="f:1?d\d’t.%|`='m :o gi the best on the market and nm never without your Lin -

ment and Condition Powders in my stable. V