' PAGE roux.

;

TliE GUARDIAN.

Cl-IARLOTTETOWN

OCTOBl5R 17. 195;

THE GUARDIAN

Authorised as Second Class Mail Post Office ' Department. Ottawa. The Island Guardian Tublialsiiig Cu

, , CIRCULATION fatal City Zone . Retail Trading Zone All Otilera Total Net Paid

C definitely.

Pmident and Associate Editor. Ian A. isurnett. Assocista .l::dlior. Frank Walker.

,7 "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink".

'c-'is'aaLo'rn:'roivn. WEDNESDAY. ocr. 11. 10.51 critical Trade situation

Twice during the past decade Cana-

there was none,

l:DI I URIAL NUI

ES

0 Q C

the less memorable. 0 I 0

O O i

Without wishing any ill to the fuel dealers, most householders would be quite happy to have mild weather continue in-

In St. Catharines only eight. persons were presented to the Princess and the Duke, but according to reports the visit

The Federal Government has decided against reintroduction of price control. This is in the interest of farmers and food pro- ducers generally, for in the past they were the ones to be discriminated against.

With Recollections

A

(All Rights IMPRESSIONS

'We returned to Paris and in time for one more evening at the opera. This meant seeing a per- fect performance of "Faust" and mixing among the gentry of Paris. The sight of some of "the world's best dressed ladies" with their long glittering gowns, would make you realise it was Paris. even if one had not been aware

Lessons From Europe

In Community Progress

By Leo P. Mclsaac Part One (continued)

OF BELGIUM

T

Reserved)

through. narrow and walled W11) stone which was placed rim; by masons who really knew iliei. job. There are canals. also walled with beautiful grey stone and run. ning by the back doors of an, freight sheds. where Sllppuu. were brought in and prcdum shipped out by boat when waln- was the chief means of tram. portation.

of . it previously.

Complaints about conditions at night at we mt Pun any In we mm-

the Park Driveway will no doubt receive

dians have come abruptly face to face with The cathedrals. monuments snd

. ' ' th nu; ing. and were in Brussels well churches of Ghent make a la 1. the u'.1p.1eaSa"t 1eahz.am.n that etfouf it, police attention. It may be recalled a par- before noon. after passing up in: impression even after visit. was living beyond its income. T e irs through the industrial part of lug Rome and Paris. The ii;-gig.

son once decided to go and investigate for

could be confidently assumed to be , ' the. ul&L?horoughfa're.

iii.-all-eases be considered first from the o now of their hearing on traffic

such realization came early in World War II. when. our traditional overseas markets cut off and sterling no longer freely con- vertible into U. S. dollars. Ottawa was forc- ed to deny to ordinary citizens the satis- faction of spending as much as they pleas- ed whenever they pleased in the United States.

The second such crisis came in 1947. when Canadians once again free to spend their accumulated war savings without let or hindrance. bought freely and heavily in the United States. but failed to produce enough of those things the United States wanted to pay for their purchases. The Government was forced to resort to hasty and unconstitutional measures. including exchange control, to curb that spending spree.

Canada's 38332 million deficit in foreign

trade balances for the first seven months .

of 1951 suggests that a third crisis is on the way. Official Ottawa, of course, is careful to refrain from describing the sit- uation as a crisis. Parliamentarians. like Mr. Micawber, are ever hopeful that "some- thing will turn up" to ball .the country out of debt. The trend in trade does not be- come a crisis as defined by Ottawa until such time as it becomes impossible to sus- tain the deficit, and the rest of the world, and in particular the United States, be- comes unwilling to supply Canadians with more goods than Canada supplies them in return.

A trade deficit, like any other kind of overdraft, is the sort of thing that can creep up on a country almost without any- one knowing about it. People with big overdrafts are either the victims of some misfortune, which does not seem to be Can- ada's case in the present instance; or else they have been spending too much and not earning enough. Which is just another way

for a fortnight.

craft had strafed

Nova Scotia

most part both

ten years later 5 Equalled only by

CEl'tS.

mazurka.

apparent only aft work of the Cha ment day by day to say her child' sergeant asked a the missing bike.

crystal ball, this

The admission that three U. N. air-

the Kaesong neutral zone

should indicate to the Reds the good faith of U. N. negotiators, illustrates how unsuitable in modern war- fare is a patch of neutral territory witllin the area of active operations.

but the incident

0' Q C

faces the problem of in-

adequate bridges at frequent intervals along otherwise excellent

highways. For the bridges and highways in

this Province require heavy expenditure to bring them up to a satisfactory standard of safety and usefulness.

D O D

Francois Frederic Cllopin. Polish com- poser and pianist, died this date 1849. He performed in public at the age of nine and

et out on a concert tour. Liszt as a pianist. Chopin

lived in Paris and seldom gave public con- His compositions were unlike' those of any other composer, although he made use of dance forms frequently, notably the

O 0 0

To the uninitiated, police methods are

er reading the final pages

of the better detective stories. Yet the

rlottetown Police Depart- is equally admirable and

a matter of wonder. An example yester- day of what is mere routine.

A lady called s trike was missing. The minimum of information,

yet in fifteen minutes the patrol returned

As we are certain our

police department is not equipped with :1

is without doubt an ex-

Of Saying ihnf Canada is living b9.V0hd hefiample of super efficiency in the best dc-

incomc. '

Living on an overdraft is agreeable. enough so long as one can get away with! it. It can be decidedly unpleasant if lhci creditor decides 10 call the loan '

o

People's Banks

Just one hundred years ago a Prussian! economist began to devote himself to the formation of co-operative societies. both for consumption and for credit, the latter be- ing known gcncrally as "people's banks".! Franz Hermann Schulze-Dclitzsch (familyi namc Schulzc. but born in Delitzschl was a lawyer and member of the National its-j sembly but it is his ”p2oplc's banks”, fore-I runners of the Credit, Union movement, for which he is remembered.

Oil Tllursday Credit Union Day is be-I ing celebrated for the fourth time here and on the hundredth anniversary of European predecessors.

tective tradition.

Aftcr Iran (says Letter Review) Egypt

from within.

,is the next foothold to come under attack Will the U. S., Canada and

other free nations come openly to the sup- port of Britain in retaining that, or not?

On that decision velopmenls of the tion of the day is ing itself of its

will depend the next dc- Third World War. Ques- whether Iran, by depriv- only important economic

development, now becomes an undeveloped area. entitled to technical assistance. large

scale gifts and all programme?

the rest of the Point Four

Is the Western world to feed

and clothe Iranians, to the extent to which

food and clothing

a

iihe Iranians have deprived themselves of

by this stunt?

The two vessels being reconditioned their hcr,c for the R.C.N. have a proud recorduof They have Come service and will before long again be avail-

a long way since that time and done much .f1bl9 TOP Whal0Veli duties &1'0 '1'0flUiI”ed- The

to promote habits of thrift in their mem-5”WGStm01-Int". HOW being d13"d0Ck9d

in

hers as well as providing co-operative credit i PiCl0U. W85 engaged in PMT01 and 9500”

facilities for inzllviduals who singly woLiliilS01'ViCC "Om 081'1Y in .t ll3angor, ”Malpeque”. was removed from sim- Then-1-e.1ilar service to join fifteen other R.C.N.

in many cases be unable to obtain

through commercial institutions.

1941. The other

cord is a refutation of the proposition that mhlGSWC9P0l'5 in C19-"ing German mines Off

nothing is greater than the sum of its com-i ponent parts. '

Milestones up To Data

Point Barflcur in sault on

Europe.

advance of the great as- "Operation Neptune".

The 81st Canadian Flotilla. to which she was attached. swept channel three, going

.within one and one-half miles of the French

The l'l1Hl'khlE 01' hisillways Ehd by-W3.VS;coast under the German guns to clear the

has altered much Sil1C0 ill? early days Oiilfiro-support channel for the use

the automobile, almost as much as the- hlghways themselves. The driver today cannot look for half-hidden markers in small print. nor can he safely look away from traffic long enough to read detailed directions or a multiplicity of signs.

-The number of highway signs must be kept to a minimum and those used should be so standardized that their character can be recognized at a glance.

i on a through highway distances between points may be shown at intervals along the way, while at intersections it should be enough to indicate where the secondary routes lead to. The unmarked direction

i Farmits for commercial signs should

of the

ndly from that scale. sin-rulings

ba ttlc-waggons.

of the

The egg prices quoted below are for Grade

A Large.

At Montreal and Toronto the

prices are those at which graded shipments

are selling to wholesalers. 'quotations are prices to shippers for un-

At other points

graded eggs.

1951 1950 1949 Montreal 741,-'; 66-67 67 Toronto .... .. 72-73 64 65 Winnipeg ' 53 ' '45 52 Vancouver . 56 52 56 Edmonton 60 43, 52 Regina 52 43 50 Charlottetown ..: 57 53 55 Poultry receipts quite heavy for season.

Sales are-slow, with the exception of un-

dcrgradea. being made to

Substantial sales of these ar.

local canneries. Retail

poultry sales over Thanksgiving were ex-

ncllcrit.

himself, was beaten up. and laid off duty

i II sound Catholic

Bishop of Charlottetown.

at 4” 1.

L LEI? it

7.5.; .g.

Old Charlottetown iAnd r. a I.) ll CATHOLIC EDUCATION

5'

Legislative Assembly. 1868:

Hon. George Coles. leader of the Government, presented to the House a copy of a memorial of His Lordship the Roman Catholic on the subject of Education. and also a copy of minutes of Council in re- ply. thereto. The said memorial slates:

"That in 1833 the late Right Rev. Aeneas Bernard Macliachern. Roman Catholic Bishop of Char- lottetown; dld establish a College or Institution of learning at St. Andrew's. in King's County, which he endowed with certain lands and property. which were invest- ed in trustees by an Act of the Legislature the same year for the support of the said College. "That with the aid of in grant from the Legislature every year up to 1844. the College was kept in active operation. when it was deemed advisable by the Right Rev. Bernard Donald MacDonald. the R. C. Bishop of Charlotte- town. to erect a College on a large scale near Charlottetown, now called St. Dunstan's College. which he endowed with cer- tain lands in the Royalty of Char- lolictown. and in aid of which the income arising from theproperty of St. Andrew's College has been appropriated since it was opened in 155.").

"That in 1857 A female board- ing and day school was opened in Churlottrlown. conducted by the ladies of the Congregation of Notre Dame. in which most of the higher branches of female C(ill('illiOn are taught. while :1 large number of the poor children of the City have been, and are. still, taught free of any expense what-

April 4.

0 4 o

I lint in 1862 another school W5 Olicned on Pownal Street. known as St. Joseph's School, conducted by the same ladies. which although numcrouslv gr. tended. very few of them pay any fees whatever. 'Tll.1t another female boarding and day school was opened in Misccuclir. in Prince County. in :)SJ4..lll which the usual higher tlranrhes of female education are .luglil.. zit which is large number 0i"lZllI)liS attend daily.

H 'll;ut between the four cducu. lone! institutions just named. up. units of 500 pupils are educated

--lhrce-fourths of whom hclong to the poorer classes, and conse- rlucnllr im.v nothing. He 1.013

convinced that the education im- PUFYOII is superior to that taught "' dism” 5Ch00iS. and he feels li- n grievance that he gels no aid from the school fund of the Col- on)--not even as much for the number of children taught free. fi3 Should he paid for them if they alltondcd the district schools, lllisrhatvl i." "cm" ” "'"".”s' 0' CH xi Ptflnte His Lordship dis. "'7" n” M” 5' MI.V.cx-cluaive Drlvllczc--nothing more than even- :';lll1tdCIi;io .l,l:stlce is desired-and no lilllc 83 (or "me y"" "M lcnm o.dS&Cl'ifiCE and inconven- nnd .m1illleavoured to establish WM 1 .' n a n those institutions. (I ie considered essential to education. in lhc earnest hope that. one day. gimme glustlce would be received "Hie Lands of the Legislature: M” : ordship therebre earn. C y cntreats His Excellency in when to consider impartially his case. and ask the Legislature to alter the present School Act, so 3111.)! permit his schools to p". "1990; flu A fair proportion of e sbc oo fund. according to (half num er and efficiency; or to gum I sum specifically pose." 7'10 copy of the Minutes of Council in reply to said memo.-in slates: "That whilst His Excel. '0"?! in Council freely adknow. ledges the great and mhrltor. loua exertions made by His Lord. ship in the cause of Education. lllcyresret that they do not feel themselves in a-position to sub- "N9 the proposed grant to the consideration of the laetlilature." 1...L..

HOHZENUIIIT

Tilt famous "tower of the 40 mlI'llH's" was built Wine lloslems In Palestine in ilil Nth century.

for the pur.

A veritable transformation ha! taken pldce in Canadian agricult- ure in the past generation, says the current Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova scotla. which deals with the effects of science and invention on Canadian farm- ing methods '

At the end of World War I. the Review notes. power-farming and rural electrification werejust beginning in Canada. Little was known about Canadian soils and methods of preserving their fert- lllty. The scientific breeding of plants to adapt them to condit- ions in various parts of the country was in its infancy. And the chemical discoveries respon- sible for modern methods of in- sect and weed control and for the latest techniques in seed treat- ment and animal feeding were still far in the future.

Since that time. however, re- markable changes have taken place. Progress in applying lab- our-savlng and productlon-ln- creasing improvements, which was held-. back in the thirties by the generally depressed level of farm income. was speeded up during the war by good prices, by the labour shortage and by the pat- riotic appeal to increase food production. Labour-saving mach-, inery was installed to the extent that it was obtainable and existing machinery Was more intensively employed.

0 O I

Encouraged by subsidies on lime and fertilizer. farmers made greater use of them. The use of improved varieties of seed. of the most modern methods of pest control,of scientific methods of animal feeding became more widespread. since the war. with good prices for agricultural pro- ducts and much-increased pro- duction of farm machinery, mech- anization has gone ahead at an extraordinary rate. and the use of fertilizers and the new chemicals for pest and weed control has grown rapidly.

Moreover. as the Revlew'polnts out, in the world at large a fund- amental change has taken .place in the whole climate of thought sufrounding agriculture. The long- held illusion that reserves of farm land and hence of food weiO virtually unlimited has given way to the realization that strong positive steps must be taken if the world's rapidly increasing population is not to outrun the food supply. - I

The world is faced with plain fact that few fertile and easily cessiblo areas remain to be brought under cultivation any- where on the globe. Thus. there is growing anxiety about the wast. ago. through erosion caused by bad farming practices. of the most precious of all natural resources. the soil itself. In these circum- stances. the problem. of making wise and efficient use of. agri- cultural resources takes on a new significance.

the

0 0 The most obvious and striking change of the past three decades. according to the Review. is the shift from animal to mechanical power. Basic in it has been the

lumbering atell-wheeled giant of

pole types of today. with "power- tabe-off" enabllngthem to run' other machines in the, field or barnyard. f

The numerous separate operat- ions formerly necessar, to per- fonn certain tasks have teleaeoped: grain can be cut. tlireahed and bagged: hay picked up and baled: corn or grass har- vested and cut up for snsilage in one trip over the field. The nianlnr of man-hours of labour r ' thus been much re- . a arm work apaeded up manna nouibu mm: uialu of tin assay operations me are to be en

tad br ante. w . Another effect of Ineelleaiaatieli has been to reduce by many

thousanf of acres the cropland

evolution of the tractor from the '

World War I suitable mainly for ' xtenslve field work to Hi! Illldli-, . er nibber-tired and 'generai-pur- "

I New Ways In Canadian Agriculture'

(Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotia)

necessary to grow feed for draught horses, releasing those acres for commercial crop production or for use by other types of livestock. Last, but by no means least. it has lessened the drudgery of farm work.

It should be borne in mind. however. says the Review. that so far as individual farms are con- cerned the benefits of mechani- zation are very unevenly distrib- uted. Naturally. meohanizationhss pl' ceeded farthest and yieldedth greatest returns in increased mi our efficiency and bigger pro- duction on the larger and better- managed farms. one of the major problems in agriculture is how to enable small farms to obtain more of the benefits of mechani- cal equipment

0 C

Commenting that mechanization is only one part.of the story of agricultural change in the last generation, the Review goes on to say that over the past quarter of a century the findings of science have had a growing impact on Canadian agriculture. Not only have great advances in knowledge been made long hours of patient work in laboratories and on experimental farms but the practical application of this knowledge has been speed- ed up. And when the total effect of scientific advance: is evaluated it becomes ap- parent that they have 'played at least as large a part as mechanlzatlondn the changes that have come about in agriculture. and that they promise even more for the future.

Perhaps in no other held of agricultural science are results so extensive as in that of plant breeding. Canadl. is famous for her success in developing the early-maturing and rust-resistant strains of wheat that have con- tributed, so much to her eminence as a wheat producer. -

O O 0

within the last few years, too, modern chemistry has added pot- ent new weapons to the farmer's armoury against the diseases. in- sect pests and weed: that annually take a heavy toll of crop product- ion. weed control In particular has been revolutionized. Power or airplane spraying of crops with selective rblcldes such as 2.4-D. which wil lfill certain weeds with- out injuring the crop. has proved effective against many common and persistent weeds. Their use has increased by leaps and bounds, particularly in western Canada. where in 1950 no less than 13 1-2 million acres were sprayed. In livestock breeding. progress is also being made. though the

through

animal geneticist is handicapped

by the time and expense involved in rearing the successive generat-

ions required for his experiments.

it is. nevertheless, becoming in-

creallngly possible to breed for the W9-

characterlstics desired-the qual- ity and weight of fleece in sheep, bacon typo in hogs.l economical gains in weight in bee cattle. high milk yields in dairy own. and so

bunevil

3 and ailitheas thinks shall he added unto you.