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Witli the tremendous growth of intcr-

national commerce and thc lrrowing de-

pendence of the great nations upon each other for the vcrynccessitlcs of national life, the harbors, which are actually the mouths of states, drawing in and dis- tributing the vital conunoditles which cntor into and build up the industrial structures of the various countries, have become of prime importance. The swift. sure and economic handling of goods at the docks is something which is now an absolute necessity, yet it is remarkable how backward the great harbors of the world are,_in so far as mechanical improve- ments are oqncerned. Wooden docks and the handling of freight on trucks pushed by one-man power are st,iii'the clominntirig features of all except two or' three of the world‘| greatest harbors. The am0\lDif0f money invested and involved in the Wharves and doclta of the great harbors is tremendous,-and this capital has been ex- ceedingly sluggish, secure in its nattual privileges and protected by the strong arm of the law enioylng in this *ly more or _less of a netuml and inalienable monopoly, the onvlml which huadredlofyears ago seizerl ul\°D the harbor priviiean of the 8l‘\‘li- P0” has deaeltmo. It has failed nfnim- nd- Vlllfflleor to observe the necessity of using the latest inventions of applied electricity. _ 4 Ithaa remained for the Midland Rail-

way Company, of England, to have built onto! hand an up-to-thc-minute harbor und, what is more a. harbor , of the first class which will accommodate the whole of thc goods and the entire

passenger trnfiicof the Midland Railway Company. At Iieysham Harbor, on the Lancashire Coast of Englmld, nt-nr the famous littlc town of Morecambe, is now

being constructed a imriror covcr`ng 45 acres of land and two miles in diameter. In this lnodern harbor the hand of man will be confined almost exclusively to the

touching of buttons or the pressing of levers. An unseen, hidden and carefully

insulated agency, namely, electric- ity, will perform all the labors attached to loading, unloading, dock- ingand handling in every way the cargoes of great Atlantic fre'ght-carriers. But while electricity will bethc agent,thc potential power of the great harbor will

lie in the thousands_of tons of soft coal which are already being dumped in the tremendous coal sheds on the westvvatd side of the harbolx But the coal will not belnthis caeeapplied directly to the creation of electricity. Between the coal land the electricity this wonderful new lfarbor has interposed millions of cubic feet of gas. Alongside the enormous spread of coal sheds`hns been erected one of the most complete and certainly, as

regards volume of output, the grobteat gas generating plant in the world.

The entire scheme of po\vcr trnn=u|\is_

sion is the most complete and marvelous as yet undertaken by engineers. The electric motor will be attached to every known mechanism in connection with

hnrborwork, and a number of remarkable inventions 'ltavc becn evolved which will

enable an ocean steantship to load and unload its thousands upon thousands of tons of freight in onc~quarter the time now occupied in London, Liverpool, New York or Havre. These wonderful machi- nes include electrilmliy operated cranes which toss thc enormous mnssesof freight in and out of thc holds at a speed which taxes the observation of the human eye. Electric freight elevators of tremendous floor area soar up and down with the ia and out going freight depositing it upon moving gangways propelled by electric- ity, which carry the freight to the various sections of the enormous storage warc- houses which tru built just back of the wharves.

:Phe secret of all this is the fact that a saving of some l2)`,000,ill) can be effected in the handling, storing and transmis- sion ofthe enormous volume of freight which it is expectnli will be diverted from London and Iglvlrbvol lggthis Lancashire port. Asavlng of even somueh M50

cents a ton on it expected-the economy may prove several times greater in

_handling wean height-will _make the

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brand-new, n1n¢.le=\o-pnler harbor of Heyshanipay well. The rlilway facili-

ties between I-Ieysham and London are msitsin. me mama Rants, i»~»s‘

four-traekroad between the two cities

and hasjunction points which' will en-

alnleittodisti-ibute the vast volume of

oommdniitisa laid down at its ~ port rapid- ly and cheaply to every portion of Great Britain _and Inland. Freight en rouh for Ireiblid and the isis of Man can be more chiikpiylald down at this modem harbor and then forwarded tcits anal

i penn..

destination than delivered direct to these

Hut while the commercial value of this

latest and greatest triumph for gas,

produced electricity was, of course, thoi

only reason why auch enormous capital was put into it. Heyshnm Harbor has for the scientist and the engineer, and, in

fact, for every intelligent person, an even greater attraction through its marvelous machinery and its marked advance in the development and application of electric_ ity. The management nrst experimented wit/il gas-driven generators at its Leicester station on a very small scale, and, meet- ing with eminent success, decided io

‘adopt the same plan for l-ieysham, with

the difference that the Mend gas system is being used.

Thereare many points of interest in

connection with this system, which pri~ marliy depends for the generation of gas upon thc putting of n blast of hot air and steam at afairlylcw pressure and tem- perature ovsrbitumlnous smallcoal con- tained in a gas producer. From thence the gas passes to the super-heater, where it loess the greater pert of its heat, and to the dust boxes and washer, wherc it is cleaned preparatory to entering the gas tower through a hydraulic nonreturn valve. lien: it ls still further cooled,- and flows into a small gas bolder, which is not looked upon as a reserve, but rather as a means of reducing the pressure fluctua- tions that would otherwise be act up by

_the engines. The cleaning process is now

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rosunwd by thc :lid ol' n rapidly »r0ialin;; fan that :lgitutcs thc ,-_gnsnmi zl sun'-||n_\»l

scruilia-1', \\ hich 1»o|nl»i|\ution suilicus lu

rcm0\'u'ti|c inet trncc.s of tnrund nli¢»\\>

thc gas to passto thc 1-ngincs in a 4-loan-_ stnlc. Tin- uit blast, bcsilics |1cit1|_f'l1cz\lr\i `

that was ns(-d for coolim; p\1|'}1o_\'c.~aHi|\ lin- lgus tower; nficr this it _joins thc sional

and |\ns_sc.~a through thc sllperllcitlcr, rob- bing' iiic gas of its l\cat,t\s lu~i`ore mcnlion-

cd, thus pro\'i<li1u; an cxctdil-nl. u.x:\\np|-- of a rc;,{t‘ncral_i\'c process thai. Inlet-.< \\ il ll

nm- hand nnrl (_;i\'c_'~. with thc oihitr, .~l‘»ti\:\l

- little is lost.

'i`hc strain cotretists of thc cxlmnst l'|'<m\

lin- biow<-_r engine uscd for V cirt-ui|\ti1|;,:

_ thc airnnri also that from thc -pun|pl~'. Tin-rc is at subsidiary injector installed as n standby on the blowru' and coal-cloval' inggcnr. and a \\'ci/,filing mncitino that auirnllaticnily registers thc nnmnnl of

coal use-d. Two such complete |n~u<l\n~v1- Sets have been put down at this installa-

tion and 1-xtension.~+ are evidently anlii-i patcrl, ns room has been loft for a third.

'i`in- maximum output oi each is 7.'>it-i\o1-_-c-

p0\\'t-1', and om- producer will deal with T0 tons ol' coal in cm-h 2-i hours, gt-|\cr:>' in_:;

151),llilli cubic fcct Ol' ;.::\s with L-nch lon.

Tho' 1-ugine-ltonsc cqui|nncnl ima Iwcu left io thc cnrc oi the ilriiisii \\'\-.<iin;;-

house Company, who ilavc installed

tit1'uc1.::ls cni;i|ic.'~., nach ¢li|'l~i~ti_y ‘ruuph-ll ton. Wcslil\g.{~i1ousc 1lj'nn.|no and |,:u:u~nn

tccrl io work T5 cubic fcci oi' gas. At hail' load thc gas consumption per hors¢*_-po\\'c

will itwrr-also by :£5 pct' cent. The `\nn|:\I

a`|r»con|prcs.<img ,fn-ar for _stnrtingr is _pro _ _ \'i<lcd,consistin;r in this case of 'two -i-

lmrs-c»p'owcr motor coxnprossors, _ which, inuoniunction with thrcc motor pumps for l'ir1-uinlillg' thc cooling _iackct wnlcr

ami a small motor* generator for pi-o~ viding tin- ignition current, constituti- lhc cntircvnginc :xuxiliary plant. 'l`ln-1-<7

are-four boosters inslnllcd; two iorlln-

l'cedcrnnn<it,\\'nl'orthcbatlerics;ofthcform- er, onc is used in thc lighting; mains, and

cllxtsists of al shunt wound motor, coupled. ioiwo wound 1lynz\nm.~1, each of wlllvli

is 1-n|>nl>|c of dcaiing' with a iccdri' currcnl ol’ iillll nmpcrcs, “|»ooslin|.;" it at thc maxi- mum loud to tin-_ rxtcnt of 25 volts. Tin-

sct also pro\'idc_~4 uutolllttilvitiiy for varia-

tions in the lunll and pressure on lwn .sides by tin- following methods: '

_-\n nuxillm-y _~a-ries coil is _ p\'o\‘idcd on

cnrli unichinv. ihc two being connccl‘c<l in

series with cnt-h oihcr and the tl\i|‘d'\\'iru._ Tllczr-oils are so connected 0|' wound as in

nxt-rcise opposilc influcm-c_ on the two.

l»<»oslcr_-, and by this mcnns_whcn there is a curl-cnt in thc third wire the f`|n~\-§- inure of tilcitcavicr loaded sidc is `inf-r\-a- scd and that ol' the light(-r load is dimin-

ished by an mnnuni that is closely pro- portional to thc loud. A two-way switch providcs for tin- cutting in or out oi this arrangement as desired. In ndrlition an ordinary baiaurer is used. The powcr fecdcr booster is of thc usual type, and at full load, when dealing with n cnrrcni of W) ampcrcs, will generate n prcssurc of :Ji volts. _

There are 12 electrically' operated lifts

for passengers ami goods zlnstallwl al

thr harbor lanllimr stage. Thcy are cal-l\ worked by a ‘A0-liorsopnwer motor, and dtted with the usual control and safely a\~rnng'en|cnts. ln addition, thcrc is n water levcl cutoff which works at a height that varies with t-he tldu.

C0I\"i`INl.7i<ZD UN l"UUR'l`li l',\ill~I.

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