759 Guaadian.

"Cour: fnuu Edwus Illulu Lia: uu uur uhluhcd every viuk day morning If Ida Pmlcn Street, T huloltoiowu. P. E.l.. by the ninnmm Company IM 14 Ktu St W.. Toronto. .5 Iontieal office. H5 tuneful) Towel Bldg. .8 . Editor. Frank walker " General Ilauasrr, Ian A Burnett Iember Clnatlian Dill) Ncuspape! Publishers Association i Mvmhcr ui rue Canadian Pruz 'p Member Audit Bureau of ('irCI.IlIllDI'Il ; ranch ulfiteh at summ:-nine. Munlatlue and Alb:-rtnn i Mllhrlrhed 30- heruhtl (Class Mail by the Pool Ofllcu ", Dcpurlnicul. Ottawa. ' i y Cat-rm tliarlouetuuu. summrrslue 313.00 per an- , In Irlluwhi-re in P.l-:.I. 3900 other Province: and c L' S Sl:,uu ucr anuum I x

....,-..-..... "Tim strongest. memory is weaker than C the weakest link."

:

-FRll)AYT.hM7ARCH Iii. C1950

labour Presentation

lfollowing the practice of our

, Agriculture Federation in recent

., years, the Prince Edward Island

- i l-ablbur Council presented a oriet

i oefdre the Legislature on Wednes-

tiay; The Council representatives

were warmly welcomed and given

an attentive hearing. The full text

3f their brief appeared in yester-

day's issue, and will, we trust, be

. studied with interest by all our citi-

' tens. It is worded in moderate terms

and covers a wide range of sub- lecis.

Amentltncnts are requested to the Trade llnion Act, dealing with union membcrsliip, with minimum wage rates. holidays and maximum houfs of labour. Emphasis is placed on the problem of teacher supply and adult education, on amend- ments to the Workmen's Compen- satiiin Act and on housing develop- ment for the working classes in Charlottetown. It is urged that ef- forth be renewed to obtain a dry- doc here, and that the airport run- ways be extended to accommodate modern air traffic. Strong objection is taken to the existing education taxiin the City, as discriminating 1, lagainst wage earners in favor of property owners.

The brief takes note of the ser-

ious problems facing agriculture. It

isu orts our farmers' appeal for

tar protection against American

table stock potatoes and for reduced

freight rates on western feed grains.

It recommends grain elevator fa-

cilities, curtailment of front quartet-

beef imports, and interest -free

l loans to young people, properly

,l qualified, who desire to engage in

I farming. Itcommends the Govern-

: fl ment for encouraging rural electri-

fication and processing of farm

products, and urges that both these activities be extended.

Not all of the matters raised in the brief are within the sphere of the Provincial Legislature; some pertain to civic and others t.o fed- V oral legislation. Nevertheless they , - 5' indicate where the Labour Council

7 a nld its affiliated organizations

6

l I

stand, and what remedial measures they are seeking. The significant . fed-lture is th e common ground 1 I which the brief establishes with our 1'15 agricultural industry, and the evi- dedt desire to work in close han -moiny with our farm organizations. This is it commendable attitude, and will, we believe, be appreciated. There was never any real conflict between urban and rural interests in this little Province. but some- times there wcre misunderstand- ings which worked to the prejudice ' of "both sides. The Labour Council and the Agriculture Federation pro- vide machinery for closer cooper- i ation in this respect, and the result should be of mutual benefit.

l New Tensions

l Although Indochina has not been ? ptpminent in the news latcly, more islevery indication that it is enter- in another period of acute unrest I ll trouble. It will be recalled that w pen the truce was signed in 19.34 lticontained a provision that free elictions should be held in both free Vf t Nam and the Communist-com tnplled North Viet Nam not later than July 1956. The latest word is t t the Communists are ready and lllng to have the election. Presi- t Diem of free Viet Nam, on the 9 er.-hand, has indicated that un-

: .f.....r-7,: ..-

ldbe useless and he is, there- ! . 0l7P0Ied to an election this .l-lo means by this that the unlst northern part of tho has many more people than free southern part and it is able to expect that most of . llndor the sort of domination.

I I

pd r present conditions balloting.

wants the election to be held as scheduled; and there at'e dark hints from the Communist rulers that, unless this provision of the truce is carried out promptly, the war will be renewed.

It is to the interests of the West- ern powers to keep President Diem and his brand of democratic govern- mentethough this is something dif- ferent from Western democracy-in office, and thus save South Viet Nam for the free world. At the same time, it is going to be difficult for these powers to excuse Diem's dis- regard of the election provision of the truce. on grounds of political expediency, in view of their con- demnation of the refusal of the East German Llonnnunist government to agree to free electi-.ms in that part of t'.i-rtnam. it is a problem Of 110 small magnitude; and it can be tak- on for granted that, as time goes on, it will build up new tensions in an area that has plenty of them al- ready.

American Farm Income A report issued by the United States Department of Agriculture gives a number of facts and figures relating to the state of aEl"1CU1tU1'9 in.th-at country for the year ending Dec. 31st last. Here are Some Of them: Total farm income last year fell almost a billion dollars from t h a t of the previous year. It amounted in all to a little more than SE19 billion, which meant an average income of .ll860. This compared with 020 billion received in 1934 with an lindividual average of 38913. Included in the income category were such matters as net returns of farm oper- ators, allowances for home con- sumption of products, farm wages, earnings from other sources such its investments and part time off-farm employment. T h e biggest single cause of declining farm income was a drop of about 10'”n in farm pro- duce prices. This was offset partially by a 3'; increase in total agricul- tural production. Against all this the income of industrial workers and all non-farm workers rose considerably above 1954 levels. Total income in these categories came to about 96275 bil- lion for an individual average of 01920, more than double the farm average, and something like 0100 higher than in 1954. Offhand it would not be easy to estimate just how the picture built on these fig- ures compares with the Canadian situation on a proportional popula- tion basis and taking into account the whole economic status of this country. We have an idea, however, that taking one thing with another the Canadian picture was the more attractive of the two, although that, too, was nothing to be complacent about. It would be interesting to take official figures from both coun- tries, put them side by side, and work out the exact relationship be- tween them.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A librarian in Portland, Mc., re- rcports that it's adults and not the youngsters whom TV has lured away from reading. Last year child- rcn took out 2000 books more than in the previous year, on a propor- tional population basis, that is, whereas adults took out several hundred fewer. This will lend sup- port to the popular juvenile view that parents need a lot of good ad- vice one way and another.

0 I I

The Chinese Communist Gov- ernment is reported to be consider- ing a fashion campaign to encourage designers to take some of the "an- cient grimness" out of Chinese clothing. Now, if they would only start taking modern grimness from the Communist philosophy and put a bit more humour in it, they would really be doing something worth while not only for the Chinese peo- ple but for all the world. For, the lack of a sense of humor is one of

Communism's apparent defects. 0 I O

Pity poor Vice-President Nixon! Republican Party strategists simply dontt know what to do with him.

second term for him in the Vice- Presidency; but they are hesitant about coming right out and saying so, lest it would be interpreted as I sign that they believe Mr. Eisen- hower would be forced to retire be- fore another four years were up be- oumof llfhulth. This. of eotu-no.1:

Most of them seem to be against a .

..................- T

-' A BE 'Sl:ElN' 1 YUH Boom .f

SIGN Tor SPRING

Alom Radiation Problem

By Francis E. Casey Associated Press. Washington

some day you may carry in your wallet is little card called I radi- ation card.

it would he a cumulative tally of all the radiation you have been exposed tty-including fall-out from A-bomb and H-bomb leslsi z-rays or radioactive isotopes used in di- agnosis or treatment; worltaday exposure if you are an atomic worker; any accidental exposure to radio - active waste from an atomic plant; or exposure to radio- active materials released in any plant acidenl.

Some scientists are giving thought to such a personal radia- tion scorecard. They are concerned with the possible cumulative hat- ards of radiation of all types.

The idea of a cumulative record would be primarily a precaution against building up a dosage over the years which could result in cancer or anemia or cataract. There's even I possibility that ra- diation can shorten one's life span even without causing any disease.

HEREDITARY DEFECTS

But your record card, while of- fering doctors means of keeping tabs on your own health from I radiation standpoint, wouldnlt nec- essarily be any assurance against the possibility of your passing on a harmful hereditary characteris- tic to some future descendant. per- haps generations away.

All scientists agree that radia- tion can cause bodily effects, such as cancer, lcukcmia. cataracts. anemia in persons sufficiently ex- posed. And all are agreed that radiation can under certain condi- tlons cause hereditary defects- lo discnsc, sterility, malformed bodies and mental deficiency-in future descendants of persons ex- posed io radiation.

The big question is: How exten- sive are such hazards and exactly under what conditions might they be expected?

All scientists are agreed that an extensive nuclear war would pre- sent extremely high radiation haz- ards to both present and future generations.

But therc are disagreements as to the extent of the hazard in I "peaceful" atomic age.

Perhaps the biggest area of dis- agreement among scientists con- cerns the genetics, or hereditary, picture.

While all are agreed that radia- tion can cause mutations in genes. which are the carriers of heredity. there is disagreement on these Sf'(ll'CS.'

How frequently do such changes

occur? What sigttifit-mu-c do they

have in terms of entire popula- tinns? What l('Vcl nf radiation from fall - out and other sources would be required in prcsrnl I wide-spread fzcncflc problem?

MANY CAUSES

Scientists know that mutations have been occurring spontaneously in man throughout history. caused by a variety of things. including radiation from cosmic rays and radium In the soil. But. there are other non-radiation causes of such spontaneous mutations.

Scientists do not know with cer- tainly how frequently such spon- taneous mutations occur or what proportion of them are due to nI- tursl radiation.

Chairman Lt-wis L. Strauss of the US. Atomic Energy Commis- sion has told (Trmgress:

"Medical and biologic ' advisers of the commission are of the belief that the possibility of serious lwldespreadl genetic effects from the small amount of nddltioml n- dlafion produced by the (weapons! testing program is remote."

But Dr. H. J. Muller. Nobel- prlu - winning geneticist of the University of Indians. while de- claring thst bomb fonts should he

"tells of thousands"

Age Old Story

. sfihnAI-

uiil be passed on to future genera- tions as it result of fallout from atomic tests by all nations so far. They would be spread out over "scores" of generations. he said.

Muller maintains that questions concerning radiation genetics need to be discussed ad investigated "far more realistically than they have been in the past."

PEACETIME DANGER

”0therwise.” he said. "we may at. last find ourselves. genetically, facing a parallel to already ac- complished deforestatlon and ero- sion. on an even grander scale."

And that goes, he said, for peaceful uses of radiation. as well as for "the possible aftermath of atomic war."

Without touching upon the gene- tic aspects. except in a limited sense, Dr. Willard Libby. an AEC commissioner. said recently that ”worldwide health hazards from the present rate of testing twea- ponst are insignif1'caut."

Before Libby's speech, another AEC member, Thomas Murray. had called indirectly for a public statement on the number of H- bomb explosions "that the human race can wit stand without harm- ful bodily ef eels" from radioac- tive strontium.

Radioactive strontium, consid- ered the most dangerous matter in H-bomb fall - out. can cause bone cancer.

Murray said estimates of the safe level for this product of both atomic and hydrogen bombs had "changed almost wildly" in I year's time. Libby, however. diu- counled any suggestion that pub- lic safety would be endangered by the bomb tests.

(Thursday: Current applications of the peaceful atoml

OUR YESTERDAYS

From The Guardian Files

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (March ll. I081)

An increased demand for silver fnx furs on the London market. though at low prices, is reported by Mr. W.K. Rogers of this city. who returned last night from a business trip to Scotland, England and Germany.

An appeal to the Board of Hall- way Commissioners at Ottawa for revision of the freight and express rates for live. boiled and canned lobsters has been made by Dr. llichard liamcr. central secretary of the United Maritime Fishermen.

Estimates of the potato crop in the lilnritimcs for 1930 are: Prince Edward island 4,799,000 cwt, Nova Scotia il,5.'lfi.000 and New Bruns- wick .'i.54-1.000 The 1929 yields were: Prince Edward Island 31120.- 000. Nova Sculls, 2,872,000, New Brunswick 4.640,000.

TEN YEARS AGO (March 10. I940)

The first graduate of the first school of nursing in Prince Erl- wnrd Island, Mrs. Sarah Jean Arth- ur, died at her home in Summer- nide on March I3, in her list. year. in 1890 Mrs. Arthur responded to an appeal in The Guardian for young women of higher type and education to enter nursing train- ing; she graduIt:i after two years of training.

City Councillor Gordon MI(-llun- ald. chairman of the Fire Com- mittcc. lost no time in implement- ing the suggestion to the Council that in view of the recent drown- ing. the Fire Department should have I small boat. The boat. about 12 feet long with I beam of three feet. is now in the Fire stat- lon. complete with ours.

J.E. Maclntyre of the Maritime Fertilizer Council told the meet- ing of the P.I-2. Island Potato growers Association last Thursday, the recent "spy scare" In Canada probably had somethlna to do with Russia's citation of I Canad- ill order for 8.3 tons of fertil- fur liotad

I

IN Til-iii on?

u . u a -

SKATING RINK AT NIGHT Suddenly strange. his powdery polished platter-

Suddenly alien. in if all of us were Exploring the heavily glaciated

equator Of the forbidding surface of Jupi-

ter. . . . -

Twelve floodlfghts round the rink are the moons of gold,

And houses on the bill are the for fixed stars,

While in between, like streaking the cold.

There ply on the highway the arcs of flashing cars.

We must race on our skates-the planet can rotate fast.

We must truce with our blade: I trail for safe returning,

In a waste and howling wilder- ness, till at last

We swoop on the warming house, with its wood-stove burning.

And we laugh our relief that it isn't a rocket-ship,

Frozen in place on I Jupiter land- ing-strip.

meteors

-Betty Bridgman

, Medically - 4

Speaking

RIIEUMATIC FEVER GIVE; SOME ADVANCE WARNING

Hcmolytio. streptococcus is the ylilelain in the rheumatic fever pict;

Actually we don't know lust what causes this insidious disease. But it is possible that as many as so per cent of rbeumati fever cues begin two or three w ks after a hemolyllc streptococcal infection like a sore throat. tonslllitls, in- gclteilon of the middle ear or scarlet

KEY TO PREVENTION

'l'hcreln.lies the key to preven- tion of this crlppler. Prevent such an infection. of have it treated promptly. and you safeguard your youngsters.

Strep infections are most com- mon in 'te wet, cold winter weath- er we now have in most sections of the country. So it's of the ut- most ' tportance that you now heed these suggestions.

Teach your child to avoid any- one with any kind of nose or throat trouble. Explain to him just why he mutt follow your advice.

You might tell mothers of his

gneighborhood playmates about this precaution, too, so they'll co operate in case one of their young- sters comes down with nose or throat trouble.

NUTRJTIOUS MEALS

Make sure your child gets plenty of rest and good, nutritious meals. t

Once your child develops a sore throat, you've got to analyze the situation quickly. i "when to call your doctor" check list has been prepared by the American llcarl Association to alert you parents to the possible presence of a strep sore throat. ,

1-Did the sore throat come on suddenly?

?.--Does your youngster com- plain that his throat hurts most when he swallows?

3-Does it hurt below the angle of his law when you press there gently with your fingers? Are the glands swollen?

4-Does he have a lever? (A fever between lol and 104 degrees usually accompanies I strep in- fection).

5-Docs your child complain of a headache?

0--ls he nauseated? Has he vom- ited?

7-Has he been in contact with snyono who has had scarlet fever or I sore throat?

DANGER SIGNALS

It's unlikely that I Soungsier with a streptococcal infection will have all of these symptoms. But if some of these danger signals are present. call your doctor right away.

He can treat the infection with penicillin and other antibiotics. And perhaps another case of rheu- matic fever will be prevented.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

V. E. 8.: is multiple sclerosis considered a mental illness?

Answer: Multiple sclerosis is not considered a mental illness, Il- lhough it affects the nervous syst- em.

Where Western Propaganda fails

By Alan Harvey Cnntln Pneut. London

The Western aliance is reassess- ing its propaganda techniques. It wants to know why, when it comes to gifts and loans. the free world gel: the kicks and Russia gets the kisses.

With the cold war gradually transforming itself into something resembling a charity bazaar. offl- cials are disturbed that Russia's rice-and-rubles offensive crcatel so much stir while the Anglo- american contribution largely fails

in.

Why should the rafters ring when the Soviets spoon out foodstuffs to some eastern country”! Why is American aid to India regarded as a necessary, but gslling, hand- out?

The reasons are probably pay- chological. It is understood the In- nwers are being sought by allied study groups. and it is just pos- sible the initiative came front Can- ada. It is believed the topic was one of those discussed by Prime Minister Eden when he visited Prime Minister St. Laurent in Ot- tawa early in Feruary.

On his return to Britain. Eden fold the House of Commons:

"Consider the contributions of Canada and even a small country like New Zcalanti. . .fo the cast- ern lands. None of their contribu- tions geta written up the way the Russians seem to do."

One obvious Russian advantage In the propaganda wars is novelty. She enters the give-away game long after the West, and bus reaps something of the prestige the U.S. won initially with the 1947 Marsh- Ill aid program.

Now American aid is old stuff. Official documents in some recipi- ent countries mcaslonall, refer to the US. gift as amounting ”only" to so-and-no millions. on though the figure. being reduced from past years. were negligible.

Despite this apparent irrational bias, the West could pobably do better. In reference to aid for In- dia, the right-wing British maga- zine Spectator says typically that "America has the money, but her psychological approach is Wrong," and many stories could be cited to reflect Indian sensitivity. TREATED As IJQUALB

Thus. I Bombay dispatch in tho Manchosfor Guardian. on indepen- dent ubsnl newspaper. quoted I "composite" view of why Indians sometimes appear to give the Rus- sianmfho edge over the West. It

said:

"We. (Indians) must be allowed to learn from our own mistakes. The West must cease to assume that it knows but. . . we may not be fully fawn up yet but by rub- hinn if it only tension will be achieved. The Russians treat us as equals. . whatever the reason. they. Unlike the dgnocroclu. are

(mad

lbcsfunbnadh "Iii: lorfnArsoH1I!lbn'sIhml- tlonfofhc nun to

try to see the world as others see it. From all indications at Com- monwealth conferences, the point is one that India's Paudit Nehru presses home every time.

Last January, after a London meeting with Nehru, Prime Minis- ter St. Laurent told I reporter:

"Once again. I was impressed with the importance of the great ferment that is going on among all the Asian peoples. Once again, I was given an insight into the fact that it is possible to have more than one view on intcrantional sf- fairs. depending on your geograph- ical posilion. The world looks dif- ferent when you are sitting. let us sIy. at the, North Pole than if you happen to he elsewhere."

NO-Isdupfoynunovlovwdvlwo In-Or .

-Al on only III.”

II. A. -3. Joan 129 Kl-':N'l' sminrr om. also

Page 4. The Guardian

Notes By The Way

A writer says lho o'..' Tuhloud doctor has disappeared. Likely with the old-fashioned family.-Klb clmer-Waterloo Record.

There was I flue when I girl couldn't get A husband unless she rlowadaya Ill she needs is I good job wtb a firm that olfern liberal fringe benefits and no objection to untried em- ployees.-Hamfltoa Spectator.

Min Bulb Sleeper. resident of the National League o Nursing in the United States, says the girl who wishes to become a nurse should possess the following 10 qualifications: Reliability; respon- sibilfy; an enquiring mind; adapt-. ability; sense of humor; tolerance of other races, creeds and colors; generosity; discretion; good health and be a good student. Which just proves that all the angels can not be in heaven.-Bellevllie Intelligen- cer.

A new name has been Idded la the Maritime's map, in the estab- lishmenf of Glomocto, N.B. The name has an evenly-rounded. mouth-filling sound, and requires the full exercise of the muscles tlfat serve the lips to articulate it clearly. This is a good thing. Now, it's up to the new school to invent a school yell to do the name justice-a yell that will scare the livin' daylighis out of any team during enough to meet Oromocto in sports contest.-Syth ney Post-Record.

Ducks. Unlimited, is a vigorous and admirable organization devot- ed to the preservation of wildlife and we are happy to note that in its enthuslasmtit has not lost its sense of humor. its official pub- licalion contains this from a young bird-watcher: "Geese is a low, heavy set bird which is mostly meat and feathers. His head sits on one side and he sits on the other. Geese can't sing much on account of dampness of the mois- ture. He ain't got no between-the toes and he's got a little baloon in his stummick to keep from sink- ing. Some geese when they get big has curls on their tails and in cal- led ganders. Ganders don't half to sit and batch but just eat and loaf and go swimming. If I was I

eeu I'd rather be a gander."- ftawa Journal.

All English lady wears a fur. lined raincoat. explaining that it's much more chic to wear the mink

4 on the inside. Odd that this never

occurred to the mink.-Edmonton Journal.

What's In t lamb? Mn. Money is the new treasurer of the wom- on'I branch of the British Legion of Loftus, Yorkshire. England, while the treasurer of the Wom- en": Institute at Chalcock. Kent, is Mrs. Greedy.-St. Thoma; Times-Journal. -

Gifted children will receive more attention in Ottawa's public school: when some of the recommendat- ions approved by trustees last week are put into effect. The re- commendations came from the Ot- tawa Committee on Gifted Child. ren after months of study. They T911903 I SFOWIIIZ conviction throughout North America that lem- phasis on some education for all has resulted in neglect of the run education needed by same. There is no disagreement that this de- ficiency should be remedied where shown to exist, but specific pm. Dosals and experiments have pro- voked controversy.-Ottawa Citl. zen.

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I Always oliix adequate post- age. When in doubt, check at your Post Office.