HASZAt{.D’S GAZE'l"l‘1s, JANUARY 26,

‘ESE BOMBARDMENT 0!’ 8WEABOB0- The following is a translation from the Swceslca Tfdningai of a letter from Finland,

dated Helsingfora, November I, IW.

“ ith regard to your request for a de- tailed account of the affair of Sweaborg. is now a" little late for that. Three months have elapsed since that event, and the Swenska Tidningen a pears to estimate the losses pretty correct y. I had, moreover, left the town during the occurrence itself, and when I returned I came too late for the sight. Knjeaniemi (Katarinapoiiit) Park, which I visited the day after my return,

ave me, nevertheless, an idea of all the

confusion which ninst have prevailed dur- ing the bombardment. A little way from the great entrance gate one saw on both sides ofthe road furniture of every descrip- tion, lighted up bylanterns ﬂashing through the trees. On approaching nearer, a singu- lar sight presented itself. Surrounded by their goods and chattels, a number of fami- lies had here fixed their habitations. Em- ploycs, Russian merchants, elioemakere, even a lucifer-matchmaker with his stock- in-trade, were encamped here peaceably alon side one another. Conversations, laughter, lamentations, and even the sounds ofa piano-forte were to be heard indiscri- minately from among this society, all occu- pied in their own pursuits. I sat down for a little while on a pail, without an owner and watched these groups. Near me was to be seen the mother of a family drinking coffee out ofa teapot by the light ofa lan- tern which hung on the branch ofa tree, while her husband sat a little wav oil‘, with his arms t'ol_ded, on a heap of liedclotlies. The family seemed to be completely calm and tranquil. and as far as one could judge by the eﬂ'ects that surrounded them, had not failed to save everything they reasona- bly could. On the other side of the park again, all the way from the Kajsanieini (now bearing the sign of (‘rife Regtam-uni) up in the new bridge a regiment of Gretta- diers was en-camped. Swcaborg still stands where it was though somewhat changed. The tine line-of-battle ship Russia, which according to Count Sicvei-’s report in the ./Ill-niaime Tirlniiigm lost I03 men (some- what in contradiction to a later statement made by the sonic paper, that the Russian loss during the whole bombardment only amounted to 60 men), and which was struck in the hull by ‘.35 shells, is now again re- paired as far as was possible. According to the testimony of the oﬂicers, the brave defenders of Sweaborg did not for one mo- ment waver during the terrible bombard- ment; only once when the indispensable cellar belonging to the well-known brewer Linebrychon was blown up at the com- mencemunt of the attack, did a part of the garrison lose their presence of mind; there is, however, no want of reports-of court- martials, military executions, &c. Since a. Russian otlicer has discovered that the mortars of Swedish metal, which are lying in quantities in the arsenal at Sweaborg, carry from one to two versts further than the Russian ones on the ramparts, the for- mer have been mounted, and they are now only waiting to show the allies, that the Russians can also make discoveries in ar- tillery science. The new bombproof roof which is now being erected at Sweaborg, made of earth and beams, may also put some diﬂiculties in their way:

“ But I now abandon all political gossip about the 8th of August, with respect to which I have indeed little more to say at present. On the other hand,l will call your attention to the distress which the war causes as private individuals. The dear- nese of everything has now reached an ex- traordinary height. I will not speak of co- lonial wares, but I will just mention the price of some of our home produce. A cow now costs at Helsingfors 35 silver roubles. Wood costs 15 silver roubles a fathom. (A fathom ‘of-blrchwood, which is consider- ed enou h for the consumption of one stove duringt e winter, costs about one guinea at Stockholm at present. In ordinary times about l5e. Pine wood is about one-third chea er.) Lodgings are hardly to be got at al ; most of them are hired at enormous rioes the very day they become vacant for

hilleting troops. Nearly all the lodgings have been occu ied during the whole year by R. ssian sol iery. Soontliere will be no other course open but to hire apartments

from the Russian ctlicers, and I kuoiii a person who has done so already. If one travels to or from Hclsingfors, one has the greatest ditliculty in obtaining post-horses. A person going to Abo was compelled o to wait att e poethouae at Grahns from 3 o’cloclt in the afternoon till 6 o'clock on the following morning for one post-horse. This ha had a very bad eﬂ‘ect on the university, which opens in a. few days, and for which a number of students have already arrived from all parts.

“ As a proof of the vigilance which cha- ractorises otir new governor general, I send you in conclusion a proclamation, which is calculated more than any description of mine to throw light on the existing state of things here. This proclamation was to be

oated up on all the assize towns, the pub- lic houses, and on the roads frequented by the military:— “ ‘ Plt0CLAMATlON.l “ ‘The investigations into the causes of the collisions which have repeatedly taken lace between military men and civil au- thorities in Finland have convinced me that the said collisions do not arise from design on either side, but generally from ignorance of the laws and institutions, of the habits and customs, and of the character and lan- guage of the people. A knowledge of the national customs, but especially ofthe lan- guage, might in many cases avert all possi- bility of such misunderstandings, which often produce disagreeable consequences for both pai-ties. I therefore recommend all oilicers under my command (without re- ference to the ﬁrst conditions which distin- uish all educated persons from the lower classes, viz., a civil and friendly bearing towards portions of all ranks, as well as in communications on duty with the authori- ties here (eng. the Post otlice, the magis- trature, &.c.), to consult with persons ac- quainted with the laws and institutions ofthis country; and wien they have learned the proper mode of proceeding and the accept- ed custoins in such cases, then, and not before, to set about the business they may have in hand. Respect sliown.by military men for the laws and institutions of the country creates conﬁdence among the inha- bitants towards the troops. A civil and ti-iendlyjbcariiig enables the troops to ob- tain their lawful demand which must always be more or less burdensome for the inhabi- tants. An obliging manner creates in them ii disposition to return ‘ like with like,’ and I am convinced that ifmilitary men will pay attention to this my advice, many misunder- standings and collisions between the troops and the inhabitants will be avoided, to the advantage and mutual satisfaction of both parties. “ Adjutant-General Bane.” “ Helsingfors, Sept. 12.”

NIAGARA Suiti>AssID.—lt m:iy.not be generally known, that there is supposed to be a cataract in existence in North America, of much greater magnitude than the Falls of Niagara. A gentle- man with whom wa were recently in conversation upon the subject, has just returned from Hudson's Bay, where he had been connected with the For Trade company for the last 6 years, and had been attached to many posts in different arts of that vast territory. During this cried e had often heard the different tribes of ndiarie speak with superstitious awe of a catsnct that existed in the interior. and which they called MacItirnani'- too, or the Falls of the bad spirit,( the devil.) They refused to tslte any white man with them, but would tell their locality as nearly as possible.

he river on which these Falls ow is a large one, and is supposed to empty into the Arctic Ocean. The gentleman to whom we refer, _had occasion to pass near the falls, and he describes the impression as being peculiarly sublime. The ground trembled benestli their feet, and a rumbling noise like distant thunder seemed to per- vadc the vicinity, which with the thick white clouds of mist slowly ﬂoating over head, at once combined to impress the mind with a superna- tural feeling, and leave no doubt whatever upon the mind as to the existence ofthe greet catsrsei. Onr informant thdaght the height must be trem- endous, ae it took the party two days to ascend the pine ridge over which the water _ The gentleman in question had often been at Niagara, and we have reason in believe that his statements are not e.v.aggerated—though they may appear incredulous to many. e have no doubt, how- ever, thst this incredulity will in the course of time be removed, by the foregoing account being substantiated by others from enterprising tra- velleru.—Sl. John News.

Ilainburgh is in a state of ferment in conse- the arrest of a bookseller, named pe, who has been sent to rison, for publish-

9% O we

ing a workb Dr. Velise, w ioli has been sap- preeeed by t a German government.

Remus or Aniaiiut. t.roiai.—'l't\'e' British war steamer Caradoc arrived at Marseilles on the 30th ult. from Con- stantinople, which ehe left on the 28rd. Sir Edmund Lyons, Admiral-in-Chief of the English Black Sea squadron, and General La Marmora, Commander-in-t Chief of the Sardinian army, came pae- sengers in that vessel, and took their de- parture for Paris the next morning. The Consuls of England and Sardinia accom- panied Sir Edmund Lyons and General La Marmora to the railway station. Ad- miral Lyons arrived in London late on Thursday night.

Dcivinitx Ann THE Ai.t.iss.—-Letters from Copenhagen mention “ the probab- ility of the conclusion, between Denmark and the two Western Powers, of a treaty based in a great measure on the princi- ples of territorial guarantee, and contain- ing the satne reeiprocal obligations sti- pulated in the treaty signed with Sweden. It is impossible to deny that the policy of the Scandinavian Governments, which had maintained during those two years of rlparipime war a system of strict neutrality,

as een deeply modiﬁed, as res ects Russia, by the signature of a treatry of this description, in which, it is generally believed at Stockholm, that some secret clauses are inserted with regard to certain contingencies likely to rise out of the war. For the present, it appears positive that Swedeii—and Denmark will necessarily follow the same line of coiiduct——has not bound herself to participate actively in hostile operations against Russia ; but, should the war reconiincncc in I856, cir- cumstances may occur which will render all further hesitation impossible on the part of Sweden. 'l‘hcre is one fact. how- ever, very clcar—iiamely, that this last

ower has evinced, by signing that act, a marked perference for the Western pol- icy, and that the old alliance between the three Northern Powers, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark. is virtually at an end. The French corvette d’ Assas, which re- turned with the English squadron to Els- inore, where slie underwent some repairs, has sailed for France. During the last fortnight, agents of the Swedish Govern- ment purchased at Copenhagen a large quantity of dry tanned leather, which is said to be destined for her military arma- ments.” '

THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS.

The immense interests depending on the results of Count Estcrhazy’s mission to St. Petersbiirg, continue to suggest a number ofreports,botli warlike and peace- ful. The junction of new adherents to the great league formed by civilized Eu- rope against the Czar is now a topic of almost daily announcement. On Monday last Baron Seebach, Saxon Envoy in France, left Dresden for St. Petersburg, on a mission which is oflicially stated to be “ connected with the negotiations for peace.” The Baron, it is understood, will communicate to the Emperor Alex- ander something like an “ ultimatum” on the part of the smaller German Powers. What must be the tenor of that ultimat- um is sufficiently shown by the selection of its bearer, who comes fresh from the Tuileries. New and stronger rumours that Spain and Portugal are contempla- ting an active adhesion to the Western Alliance, have reached as; and it is even stated that another friend to the cause will be found in the King of Naples and the Two Sicilies. It would be rash to expect from these new Allies any serious addition to the forces actually engaged in carrying on the war. But the mere fact of their junction-—the bare offer of sup. port and coopcration—-must load more strength to the opponents of Russian eg_

Tgfviﬁiion. At every ‘step, and on every side, the Czar is shown more clearly that l|I8'c&tlSe. is abjured and his ambition. projects discounteiianccd. Every day he jiigtlls himself left in more complete isola.

Sir Hamilton Seymour had an inter. view with Count Buol, at Vienna, on the 2lst inst. M. de Bourqueney, the French Minister at Vienna, was present. The Austrian Gazette, adopting the current version of the terms offered to Russia through Austria, remarks that they are exceedingly moderate.“ in fact, all its best positions are to be restored. The mouths ofthe Dniester and Danube, and with the exception ofa few points, the: Crimean coast, are in the hands of its op- ponents; and the sea is forbidden'to Russ- ian ships. Yet Russia is to sutfdr no ter- ritorial limitation ; the Baltic is to be open to all its ships, and the Euxine to its com- merciul navy. It must give up the lux- ury ol a Black sea fleet, and open its ports to foreign consuls ; but, on the other hand, it need raze none of its fortiﬁcations. Nothing is demanded which would wound the dignity or lower the military honour of Russia. The command of the Sulina mouth of the Danube was acquired by Russia without the consent of Europe, and only held under the pretence ofguar- aiiteeing the Continent against the plague. But Europe, which no longer requires the aid of Russia to secure her against that evil, does need, and must have, the free- dom oftlie Danube.”

The Dresden Gazette announces that Russia has already manifested a disposi- tion to accept the neutralization of the Black Sea, with certain iiiotliiications, in conformity with the interests of Europe, Count Esterhazy was to reach St. Peters- liurg on the '.23rd. The Czar is perfect- ly aware of the peace tcrtns which the Western Powers have placed in the hands of the Austrian Envoy, and the Cabinet ofSt. Pctcrsburg could, if it thought pro- per. give a decided answer within 12 l0tll’S.

oi: BARON srzi-:iiAcii‘s MISSION.

The German Frankfort Journal learns that Baron Seebach's mission to St. Petersburg is the result of an arrangement between the courts of Munich and Saxony. An evasive Russian reply to the oﬂ'er of peace now made would, it is remarked. only lightly touch the Western Powers, but it would seriously affect Austria. who is the prime mover in this intervention, and perhaps compel her to measures which would introduce great coldness into Iier relations with Russia. " It is to prevent this," any; the Frankfort Journal, “ that M. de Seebscli. has been sent to St. Petcrsburg.”

Iaisn E.~rrein>itiaa.—0ur eaterprizing fellow- citizen. Mr. Michael Smith, of Copper-alley, has entered into a. contract with the Govern- ment: of his Imperial Majesty Napoleon, for the supply of about a thousand tierces of Irish beef, to e delivered at the ports of Brest or Cher- bcurg, within a deﬁnite period.—Dubli‘n Mer- canti.'e Advertiser.

The public clocks of Cork were on Tuesday changed to Dublin time, ureuant to a procla- mation of the mayor. ha city clocks were therefore sot ten minutes in advance of the sun. A similar chiin has been racticclly adopted in Limerick an in some other towns.

The plan of getting u an Austro-German industrial exhibition in Rlienna, for the year 1859, appears now to have been abandoned; and a nd universal exhibition, after the models of London and Paris, has now been de- cided upon; but it will probably not take place until the year 1860.

The people of Monaghun have memorialised the general commanding the forces in Ireland for a military force to be stationed in the county.

Monsi nor Talbot, the “Ct|.ll10l'lOl'0 Scgreto," who use to introduce British subjects to the Pope, ha_a gone to South America on an aposto-

lic mission, and is succeeded by Monsignor Chigi, pro am.

On the 4th alt. there were 50 cases of cholera at St. Petersbarg, notwithstanding the coldness the of weather.