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Expect Serious _ Outbreak oi White Grub In 1933

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P‘ wrrru: GBUBS MAY 0A0!!!

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sriarous boss-IN EABTIB" olmurro IN lass. CORN Arm POTATOES LIKELY T0 aus- r-‘arr PARTICULARLY

PLANTED ou TIMOTHY son.

white grubs at the rate of from mopoo to 1,000,000 no!‘ w" l" present in fields o! timoth, sod and threaten serious damaso to mil in less tbmushout tho B°Yih°m half of the counties of Glengarry. gw-meng, Dundaa, Grenville and Leeds and the southern portion o! Prescott, Russell. Carleton and Lenarlr according to a forecast by 1dr. ,6. H. Hammond of the Ento- mological Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, from the department's study centre of these insects at Apple H111, Ontario.

The crops most liable to injury will be corn; potatoes, strawberries, timothy. hay, pasture and smli grains. The grubsare expected to be most numerous and destructive 1n fields which were in timothy sod in 1932.

White grubs are the young stage of the June beetle and appear at the middle of September as curved grubs about three-quarters of an inch in length in the top two inches of the soil. The eggs are laid in the ground in Juno and July "and hutch within the next month. The youhg grubs remain in the ground [or three years where they feed

'. way and in this instance I feel that

that: sbzzszzdge:

FARMERS

9

HI SiEi-Zil-Iil-Z

GRADING IS DESIRABLE

The Peoples Fair

-___. The current issue‘ oi the Econ- G E omic Annalist official organ of the ‘ _ PIACKENZE) 1999781 Aslilcultural ‘Economics

n w" n“ wmu,‘ privilege to Branch, is the source of the follow- ‘assist in the arransomexit of exhi- ‘"5 ““i'““‘°“i"' bits st the Central school Fair, the Th“ “Mushmmi “d “"19"”- im,“ of m kind m Canada and ance of grades is particularly de- this is only another instance of the simfl” i“ ‘he “W °i °°'°P°i'“ii"°

l 1 marketing.‘ The grower of a good m M u“ Gm: kw‘ n: the commodity should receive a prem-

ium for the extra care and efficien- cy involved irrproduclng a superior product. '

we have every reason to be proud as I am convinced that the Fair at Charlottetown is only the be- ginning of greater things which are bound to do much for the ad- vancement of agricultural educa- tion which means that our boys and girls who aim to be the farm- ers and farmers wives of the near ffuture, will have had advantages that will much better fit them for their statlonin life than anything “c” “mi i° build 9 Sales policy o,” we mum do for them_ around a product sold on the basis Prince Edward Island being snot mnwdmed‘ Fad“-

purely agricultural province ewes

it to herself to promote everything ,

that to 1m rove her a ri 1-

tur; tsettanwding an: by so doingg (stile gm Show“ have we h“ say m“ is advancing herself as a whole. At five samples °i ‘Jaw °r “my i“ m,‘ o“ “m; central Fur our w? , wheat and these are samples of our chem and inspect,“ have flghtlyibest fields from the extreme east “mud “Mo, work and they de_ji0 the furtherest western part of

fair province.

serve great commendation for m"

their seal in the great cause of , W33‘? shire“ m?‘ t‘! vegeiflaig“ education as now constituted. Tak- e hlblxrvy! oping err?“ ° er 111g the whole school work exhibit " ' °" “n” ° m"

tawes was of the very best it was s. grand success and shows on p0 ' w w‘ older people the we“ ad_ there being between twenty and

vmm” of the modem way of m? thirty samples of each varTety and pmmg knowledge m the“ taking as one very competent judge stated ‘school courses Let one instance an were woimy °r a prize‘

I

In the live stock exhibit which isuffi , 1, t . h. ‘om $y,:;“.1.esei,:;°,jsec 39213318,? ,2 was coupled up with the Federal

amklmly exemplified in a project Oalf Club work in the province we

areas and perchance other coun- tries. It will pay to study trade re- qulremenis and competitive prac-

had a combined exhibit of upwarwb

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TOCK BR EEDERS A

£32

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_WmTE GRUB OUTBREAK USE 0F OYSTER SHELLS 1N

NEWS Y NOTES

l! AGBIOOIA

}-—- POULTRY FEED GROWS White gnrbs at the rate of from '

- 300,000 to 1,000,000 per acre are » present in fields of timothy sod, and tiuesien serious damage inf from less than $100,000 in 191s w

The value of oyster shells to the producer of oysters has increased

PLANT nAsr-amaras NOW ' v As a general rule plants do besti when transplanted in spring. There: is at that time a stirring of the sap, a revival of the vital processes,‘ ‘that enables a plant which has ~been moved to a. new position, to speedily take hold of the soil. But

iPriug sunshine. The curl-ants, black, red and white, are so active gin spring that it is not advlsahle {to move them then: they must bc imoved 1n the fall to avoid disaster, Raspberries may be moved either‘ spring or fall, but experience has‘ shown that the fall-planted bushes have much the greater chance of, surviving the "change of venuci; I notice from the advertising cob,‘ umns of‘ The Guardian that‘ plants of the Vieking Raspberry,‘ are on sale local1y..'I‘he berry is a‘ ‘mod commercial variety, standing up well under transport, and is much larger than the wild raspber- ry. I have reason to know that these plants have a clean bill of health, being free from mosaic sand other raspberry diseases. And last- ly there is no fear of the plants Idryig ‘out in so short a transit.

1 Strawberry growing probably reached, its peak last year. Everybody was into strawberries

crops in 1933 throushout tho nor-iapproxlniately $2,000,000 in i931, been noticed by the peasantry ofi 1-119"! 11111! 01 i116 0011315198 01' Glen" and in the same period an export England under the names of "'1'he| 8111’!- Bwimimii. 131111485. 61'6"", business has been developed which Plough," "Charles-s Wain" o, we. ville and hoods sud the souihorrurcached its peak last year with the gon, etc, 0m cannot 11,11 u, no-l portion of Prescott, Russell, Carlcnshipmcllt abroad of oyster shells tice that at different seasons of the ' Wu W! I-imork Moordius io a fore fialucd at $514,104, according to in- ycar its position varies, the "han- 011st by lvrr. G. H. Hammond o! i111’ i fnnnzltlon made public June 15 by dlc" mny point. up, or down, or the Enwmnivflwfll 31111611 01 i119 DO" the Department of Commerce. whole may be upside down, But no, mhlibfl 13995711719111 01 Agrifliiiiirci Much of this growth has been the lnattcr what position it is in, a llnei Pom the doll-i " F1111"! PP" result of research (xmductcd by the

Several yeaYs ago oyster shells were used primarily for road con- struction, but scientific investiga- tion dsclosed that these shells

between those two, will pass near a rather dim but still noticeable star, "A polarls." This is the Pole Sfur. round wh'ch the whole of the

water-soluble and fat-soluble vita-i mills. Soy ' milk is vrry 51mph’

050m’ groups appear to revolve, made? the beans (Piliiembiy a Ye" contained many important values year “iid 50911110011’. 1°" VBTMY) are 5°“ “i i“ a iew for poultry feed, includin lime, To, ' "Of whose true-fixed and resting hiawss ‘may °'m"'h°d' w“ Mlied day such shells are 00Xg1S1d€T€d a,‘ Just before “imm- sem m‘ 1m quality . . for about half m ham. h, the p“, necessary Ingredient m practically the roots rrquircd and allow them Thule is no fellow in the firma- P°Yii°i1 °i in?" Paris water i° ‘me all mixed poultry feeds, supplying‘ m remain on the ground 1mm the liivni- c‘! mii-sii- This is Pui through a fine the necessary lime for the former so“ adhering to mm“ is frozen The Skit-s are painted with “n. sieve or cloth strainer, nntl the rc- {mm or egg shells‘ . lthrough. Once frozen, the plants v are ready nt any time to be

numbered sparks, 5"“ 15 i‘ "iiuiy emuisimi’ "°r-",5imi' Although there was a slight de- Thvy i111 are fire and every one i“ in “Pliearame mid Timpciics i‘, i cline in the value of oyster shells doth shine: animal miik- 5° sucwfsiiii is ihe .-to the producers in 193i compared

Bug there's but one in an imitation that this vegetable milk Mm earner years. exports were ii°i<i hi5 1119993’ has been empmyed m ‘he mommy greatcr in 1931 than ever before.

Sfill carrying on our imagimryztion of milk chocolate, custardsflExports last year totaled 53,189 “"9- PIW "A Polaris," we come to B- “kes and biemi I tons valued at $514,704 compared W011i? 01' bright ‘stars, set in the when rennet’ lactic acid, m. mag. with 49,533 tons valued at $496,302 form of an irregular “W." This is’ neslum 0,. calcium sans, are added in 1930 and 42,744! tons valued at‘ part of the constellation Cassio- , to the muk when ha,’ some of the $443,780 1n 1929. ' pcih, and to the imagination of the protein 15 prmipigatcd as a grayish About threeiourths of the oys- allclcnt Greeks, formed the outline white curd; whmh ,5 aflcrwards m- sheils exported 1mm the Unit. °i "i" "w" °’ “m” "W" "W111 driedand pressed: this is called od States is purchased by the that quoou was Seoisd- $8,,“ cum, o, own,»- ,,,,d ,5 ext“. ‘ United Kingdom. Other purchasers Wm“ the Piimgh i" Dippei) slvely eaten and foims the basis of, are Canadii. 3018mm, Gennimy and 93551000111 0Y0 known, we have numerous dishes in China, and Ja-i and the Netherlands-“Rock Pro, two valuable guides, one on each pan It has been made m the U_ S_ ' ducts,"

doth

PéGE Ell’?- % 54% 3% 2-15.? SC E 3'53

Forcing Rhubard In Winter

11mm: imentai Farm Note)

Forcing rhubarb, for sale or home use, may be cosidored a pro- fitable undertaking. There is |

good demand for this ' product for this product from late fall un- til eafly spring, at remunerativl prices.

I-‘or tilts purpose it is important that a good supply of roots of some vigorous variety be available. A

- diawn through the two end stars,‘ 5T6 0'1’ 1119-"! 1‘ 1111'» United States Bureau of Fisheries (away from the handle) and eon-i Ontario. 11H cooperation with various sea- ‘ ‘cseiztsmethlfd 1M bproducmy? wit. ilnued for five times the distance icons; states, it is pointed out. vplgnts ti: Sea; y!“ 53335;’:

mental station,- cheriottewwn, it was found that many of the plant! raised in this way were ready for forcing at the end ,of the second

brought in for forcing. A c001 dark cellar is excellent for this work. Heated sheds, from which the light is excluded, lnily also be used. In any care 1'. must be possible to maintain a tcnlpcrniure of between 550 degrees and 650 degrees F‘ dur- ing the time the plants are grow- ing, High tcnlperzliilrcs produce weak stalks of pool- color. rind ex- haust the roots rapidly.

When the plants are brought in side they are sct on the ground and covered with moist sand. Wa- ter must be applied frequently t0 keep the ialallts from wlting. No manure or fertilizer is necessary

Rs

on the roots and tubers oi various ' ma?’ i“ "ii ' gimme ‘me 5"“ ‘he crops. June beetles were Present Whole production of the country throughout theabove districts in "M" Ema-i" ‘ unusual abundance in 1932. They The “m” might be 531d °i “u ‘amend the 10mm of elm. poplar ,the other closes especially frco butternut, hickory ash, rose snow-Wand drawing; i“ this W‘ "w" 95' bal‘. and raspberries. The defoliat-I peiiiaii? s“ the mmd °i mind °i ed or half stripped trees resulting i the PW“ and ii msiiered Pmllerly

and they were so plentiful that

of one hundred ca1ve~ and every boxes wee “three for a quarter,"

of the heavens. But there is a large A but attempts m introduce it n, tvlAClllNE STEAMS PAPER FROM

, each and

one of them were outstanding ill their respective breeds.

The Central Fair exllilfts num- bercd tlllity four in both dairy and beef broods and it was a sight indeed to note the showmanship of these bright young bnys and girls every cne attending

s 3.5‘ n .. .11 51' i. i - and in one case at least, four for n wit‘, i ,j:,°,‘fc?,_if,',,"b'°‘} V; d S?!“ quarter rather than keep their ‘ ' ‘ " ' y ‘o ‘cry

'1 , l‘ 9.‘ , , over the week end. This i", all the m“ ilfifva" l; tsndplveg; more reason‘ for changing over to “ ‘ ' M“ 1 e 7H8

and Crssiopcia one on each s‘d'r raspbories. The wide-awake gar- ' , C II- is, l t 1 c dener will "beat the strawberry up? a n he w an” wwards

, which the Plough appears to be " . . f . fzsiberrzy “$1221; atuiegaxlegegk going hurl has another bfigllt star

an article oi food were unavoifng. Prejudice and custom nrc among the factors that prevent a pccplo from qu‘~k1y aciopfiglg ilew food- stuffs.

The yellow varieties of soybeans

may be used after the style of “ba- ked beans,” but owing to their high

WALLS i

Old wallpaper is removed in a Jiffy by a new portable machine de- signed especially for the purpose. Its oi! burner generates low-pres- sure stenm, which is applied to the paper through a hand applicator.

from their feeding are still to be $112‘): °f i"°"‘i1°"“bi° "iimiii i” ~ in a localiti . Th -, s Y8 of s"- ‘Een m my es 9y we ‘ In the domestic ‘ classes

fer to lay their eggs in grasslands with a loose/open, sod and im- mense numbers of eggs were depoe. ited in June and July, particularly in old timothy meadows and grass pastures and especially where these were very weedy. Though sodland is preferred, egg-laying is not con. fined to it and occurs widely in email grains and weedy hoed crop with sufficient freedom to pmduce infestations dangerous to potatoes, corn or strawberries. Eggs, however, are not laid to any extent in bare cultivated soil. For purposes of planning the cropping in 1933 such land which was bare of crop or weeds during June and the first half of July irl 1932 is the only land on which potatoes, corn, straw- berries or other susceptible crops can be planted with reasonable as- rurance of safety from injury.

In general, crops with soft, fib- rous roots are most severely injured and are subject to the greatest damage. On the other hand, crops with a stout tap root or tough fib- rous roots have a natural resist- m“ i0 iuiury. Among the resistant plants alfalfa, sunflowers, sweet clover, red clover, alsike clover, buckwheat, beans, peas and prob- “bili soy beans lnay be listed in or- der of ability to withstand injury.

The prospects of crop loss from these insects in i933 is extremely serious. Cropping of infested land duuus next season must definitely take white Erubs into account 1f looses ore to be avoideil. At the best there is bound to be some ‘iililiflize but ii the known informa- iioh is utilized the probable loss call be reduced to a small propor- tion of that assured by the num- bers of insects in the ground many districts. ~

Th! losses can be out down (l) by reducing the numbers of grubs

"011 to be grown upon a given piece of land with its resistance to ‘iliury and the white grub popula- tion of the field in mind. As-few is two white grubs per square-foot

i“ i119 1-011 three inches of soil at‘ ‘iii’- Present time is a most serious‘

malice to most crops on the same land next spring. In many fields rs high as ten grubs per square ioot are to be found in many dis- mciii- T0 reduce the numbers of "u"! Present in infested land 1n|

Preparation roi- planting next yeari

Dim?" Ilfly in the autumn and “i” him!!! the ground several limes. In the spring re-plough and iii" Isain if an examination of "is sround shows white grubs still Dissent in numbers up to one per Iquare foot. Such land will be reas- rliliiibly safe for most crops except

°°° "f! susceptible to injury. Tractor 1110118111118 is much more Effective in killing grubs than the "so lfloush. Pssturlns pin in in- fested fields is an excellent method “i "diwins the numbers of these "W" in the Iround.

Th’ importance of the careful K100110101 tiraesnn XUJIIBIIUIAI

‘Shin of fertility, should be thor-.

,'wi1l prevent the iniursd fields and

tone wonde“s how such work can ‘be accomplished by so young pu- ,pi1s but with the system of judginiz ‘now used where the exhibitor has ito do a portion of the work under |the judges supervision any wrongs of the‘ past can easily be ratified. -

In the manual training classes" wonderful lngenu‘ty was displayed and again the trend of mind de— monstrates great poSibllltles.

In grains where, even in our lat--

fields cannot be over emphasized. Unless the ground has been exam- ined and proven free from grubs- do not plant corn, potatoes, or strawberries upon land which was in timothy meadow or in pasture in 1932. These crops should be planted only on land in pasture in 1932. These crops should be planted only on land which was bare of crop or weeds during June and early July of this year. Fields favourable to egg-laying in 1932 should be planted to resistant crops only, unless known to be free from grub infestation. Small grairls ,shouid be planted wherever possible , on land which was under the iplough in 1982. ' The land for hoed crops and gardens should be most carefully , selected in order to avoid high grub populations. In merry cases reduc- ing the grubs by culture and pas- turinz in hogs in the preparation. for these crops will be found ne-i cessary and well worth while at- tempting. In short, in many cases protection of the cropfrom these insects next year will require the suspending of the normal crop ro- ,tation for a year and in many cases replanting of land to the some crops.

Injury to timothy meadows and ‘pastures is expected to occur very widely and materiel reduction in‘ the hay crop and crass fodder is to be feared upon many ffiflfls,‘ The srubs can be easily found at the present time and any land orl Pitts of fields noted to be carry- 1R8 them in- excess of two per square foot, except where in a high

ouchiy turs,

N" ‘ - by suitable eul- “Yiiiilini 6nd rel-seeding. ‘This

pastures becoming over-grown with weeds in 1994. The improvement in the sod with reconditioning will _ help reduce the severity of the next outbreak following the flight or beetles in 1985. Advice concerning pasture and hay field renovation can be secured from the Dominion Jixperimental Farms, Ottawa, or the Provincial Department of Ag- riculture. Toronto. A circular in re- gard to the control of white grube is in course of preparation for im- mediate distribution by the En- tomological Branch. This can be procured free on request tn the Dominion Entomogolist, Entomol- ogical Branch, Ottawa. ,

Iii llhlleg Q31) Bland’;

.age exhibit at

any errors that we had this year iude i” make

rtrictly go business and let me say here that many older showman have not acquited themselves so well as did those boys and girls. |

or ten days before the Dunlop: it is the earliest berry which sells most profitably, and I be1‘eve that a. variety producing such o. berry

May ‘these bright and happy boys and girls cununue in the flight can be bought locally also. But, way and if their number should waiii iii‘ spring bet"? i" "i?

grow so that each of our forty five ihese-

school fairs be represented by the! first and second prize heifers,‘ lock what even th’s means to thei , “w, stock industry o,» om. m“. pm) It was Sir Walter Scott, who first vmoa supposing we have an aver. gave a certain vogue to an incle- om. local school gant word by writing of "flinging fairs of six calves this means that 5"“ 1° a bear?" m!’ chaiies Reiide there are almost three hundred i" "Ii I5 Ne"? i°° Li” T° Meiidi" young showman and as many bet- uses the phrase to describe the ter heifers 1h the province each manner i" which the °°“"i°i$ iii" year. Let us note what this would Prim“ we“? ied- and ciediis s99“ mean m," a peflod o, ten yea“: with it. Bu; it has been left fo- a great pomibilitles, eh? |writer 1n a farm paper to clothe The success o; the 1mm,“ 69mm, the word in a respectable and even Fair assures its continuance ‘and eiegiini-latb- “he” he "ssms m?‘ I am sure that as the years go on farmers have the intestinal forti- a success of their will be remedied and that this fair avmiiml Wiiiwili "it “id °f iniiiis-i will be ofvlncalcuable benefit to “"115” °" m“ iii" "i5-

“INTESITNAL FORTITUDE"