f a t El f‘ 5 e

time TWELVE

THE- CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN ‘ ~

‘m’ 115MB!“ 8. 1m

DAIRY

Prepared by Provincial Ikparttnent of Agriculture ln (‘o-operation \l.'.ih 1hr- Dlrl-ctors of Dalrymeds Assticiallotn. ,

TOPICS

THE JIIIISEY

lcentitiued)

. .~ ...\illt of the Jersey

Jt-rsty. ivii 1.. ti 11.5.

(‘Ri-

. til ilii- , ' ' ‘n Caitlin.) n’ i- 'h.\t tint».-

. :i.~ have beeli

lie quanti- vcrif l'l('ll in fut. ve per cent. T iarze. and the . . are rich in colour vulurly firm texture. ‘he Jersey stands m 1's, and is e fan v cow and inlik or criaul . . in Canada hau- ~ loot) pounds of iat 1n " " < Martha. of St. )fll‘l(, Katie. Bent- . ‘ti, and Rose-buy‘: l c rlx-ord Jersey cow d is an Auicricau-bred of IIlllS-ldt‘. with 1,- ‘lds of butter-fat in a

~<~<.-.-....___-

' ‘I'll! GUERNSEY

ueriisey. like the Jersey .n lie Clituiilel Is- .- ta .- ius niilnc fiom thc ~ liul "g t island of the group. foiflllfl‘ history there seemed to “l0 titstinctiou bet-ween the Jer- "d Guernsey breeds, as they we .(il'<'.>Wh""iis‘ Alderiiey Cflllli‘. .1. fn" the past hundred years li.l.e bcci known as scimnlts- lsl int t breeds. Gucrti.

‘fol- (l

,i'.

E57"? ~.

ruz

x.

. "me quite popular in tie >d slates and are third 1n ini- F‘l“l!'l(‘f} in respect. to population. ‘a thcv are comparatively imber, althouih during few Yturs tlicj’ iillvc finned, larger than Jer- 1:n'; tiroiuitl 1,100 llllllh around 1.- " Guernsey . '.\‘.\ic.1 may be uliilc. The muzzle “f-~,~li-vt\ll-t1t't»=<l and liv lzglit-coloureti hair. = (ire nit-I» the overt. The horns ~ are usually amber-col- "h the horns may be 'f‘lu- milmir of the vl-Litiiv and is a punt bv breeders its ' (‘flll/ill‘ in tho t is lurlie and is tt-‘Xiurl- m1" - win l: rt», 1i . ‘fill (‘anvil-cl ‘,\.t.1

l) '1 “H '1' ROBINS PHYLLIS

c: i.

official 1t~t t'i1:'l ' aw!

zit ‘no ftiui- , 1' prc- ‘ . x’)-

v‘ ,

. .lll titlkuatidiutg; mu _ ,- great P"9(ll'tl . -1 tin (fillSlllllIl-l (fltiv is to licl l‘ \“l"lllilll.{ Fll('h ill l‘ \ "i his lltirtl TlIV-I OF IIFIII) PRO- DVPIION RECORDS The lw-prxt: o.’ rcc/‘rds of milk 11ml ftll""-.'“.' TWNlll1'l4l1)flv__flh__fl‘l‘

lii

I lll'l" t/‘f n '_"‘.Il€l criivs lttidcr or

‘lfll

,‘ oliiitltlntiti‘

lndiridull cums in a dairy herd extra in both

involves souictliitig labor and expcnse. ltlLlz-sllOll lllvJll 1s, Why keep stlch i-ccoi-tlsi" and the logical answ t frlilit the in'l.~ui'es.~tt'e liaii-ynian is: "We ulc in tue dulry bitsuiess to ~. ~ Illl"llt'\' ill1(l ccrilltnly we can

The natural

‘n lit-rd manage- is.‘ of cow-tcstiiii; then is r ii1l<)i'i'1l.\ll\lll which will 1:; ziic ("itlcll-pilistli of more ptofkllillt‘ llulry cows. ‘l2 wot}; 1s rilrricd on in .u Iliitlli ilil orgiuiizccl villi-iii flwatltilllliOll. will llic llcrtl tiwnt-t" to ptcvirlci llllllrdif I iluitiuti‘. of Uqllillllldill. .. stnnil sprilltt scale. a : ‘—-)lllllt' bliiiilllr‘ bottle ~ l\ u . ~ pic dipper and v tor dcliu-rlng the tifficial tester. cull for i2

.tllll

(‘OW-S

Department pro- "v record forms, t.nt1 the sam- ’Il')' supervision c tn JddlllOfi to iv‘ tester for tcsts.

from each untcritig the provided and eieri‘ second motitli, tn e txovitled in which pre- as aireiulv been sample of each

..cord sheets are provided as lue hcttl owner desires. At slated periods. the sample bottles

and wtcxlit sllljclfi lii-c delivered to 1ft i.'i'l‘llll or niilk-hatll-ais. The Promoter tnnkcs the

. ‘.- tlu- rcstilts on the

:- ci-is and fr“ ‘s them to the l’rovn~ ll Dcpnrit tnt The bottles ate it'll. ed and r '~ ’ilt.‘(l to the

The Di.- artment cal- tolal production of each w for tl~e lilOillll, the original lletl in the office and a "lined by the herd own- T . , with very little expense. work or trouble, the herd owner has at the end of each month a fprlv accurate record of lust what each cow is doing in the way of tiroihictiuu. At. the end of the year, t1 alllllfllllflllf is sent each herd own- er showing the twriotl which each cow lll thr- llt‘t‘(l was iii milk. the plnids of milk and butter-fat pro- tlltceti and the average test.

Them‘ tiion'iilv' and ycarlystate- mcnts of production are a great hi 1p in selling surplus cows and in sllccting heifers to replace un- profitable individuals 0n those whose ptriotl of llseltlllltl-l-s is past.

Dairynien are .'~.Li1l met who hold the old-fashion idea that if you have tiric. v,i1 \\'lll have produc- ". Gfillll type ‘w, of course. most tics ii but iyiic alone is not suf- flclczii; it should be backed with records of production u WlIO talk type only . afraid‘ of__1jecortls on

(llliitvs the co

fl"}‘i(’ll(l'tl7lf‘

lch must always bc - ‘ s that the keeping of lirrd records is niercly a means to an end. It. mus: be remembered that neither the scale. the Babcock 'l‘l>.<t.<-r nor ‘ll? Rccorrl book will do any drinking nor will the cow. 'i'lte pour cow is not hkeiy to walk up uud tell licr owner that she shctild be shot or sctit, to the but- PliFf.

The application of sound busi- tlrss principlci- in herd manage» inwnt is equality important, whe- thcr or not. the hcrd is on test. but \1l.\ll\ iiuipli intelligent man- ilsieliit-rit is p .\\ll)l€ if the man in ('ll?l'i1E has. ilvnilrible individual re- cords ot mt-li cows production and her fTlflFl-{ill of profit over feed costs.

l‘.e'. m» also emphasize that tile obicct of this work is not the de- vclopiiictii of‘ oven the discovery of

Olllrllllldll or abuoriiiullv higll individual l't’(‘l')f'(l.\. ’l‘his is a, na- inrnl ilt‘t'tlllll)llSllll‘lf‘fll in the work and siitli records have, Rrcnt ad-

vertising value. The obiect of this work however is the development of high average production for Wil/ill‘ herds operating under com- intircizil conditions. Extreme rc- rccortk. whether of individuals or s, mav ‘oc (lcvelotied at too . ’!l cost of fccd and worse still. rcstii’ in the breaking down thc <, 'll("l\'ll oi lit-r tilgcstivc sysicnl

x it-taftilnvi,» as a brcedinfl uiilival,

Elliott-in herd management in- \"‘l‘l'1"~ zliv- ititclliucti! application n!‘ inc kuowlctlcc gained through we rru ilrlr |-cot'riitig of produc-

l l)"t)tllitf'lflf‘l COrYS. Actllnlll‘ l!" of iced {illflftallf} the

y kn u-W-tlce of iittllvithlal production

i tiicrc uniriifinni than ln times of Tho fhonsthtfitl herds- iveti will simply fccd. particularly tut-h ex|icii.»il'i- intzrcrlictits as con- <- ittinu», l!) tlie co ‘s in the herd

n“ rdiiiuv to their respective pro- lllli*‘l\'f' vnpzlcitv Fortunately‘, it u-uwllv ilppcars that the herds-

man also considers himself on test. and strives to <liow progress from _.""“ r to. w?" _ 7‘l_ie__tlcvclt>tvflqnt_ttl

t

llflfl fifty-five cents ($3.55)

llrnnkvillc.

l LIME

' In accordance with the P. E. I. Agriculture policy of assisting Island farmers to 0h- llllll Ground Limestone nl low price. we are now pre- pJlFNl to ship limc in cnrlots of thirty (30) tons or more to all Island points at two dollars and eighty lscnls tSLLStl) per ion delivered in bulk and three dollars

‘ These prices are in effect unlll Dec. 31st, 1938. Brookville Manufacturing 00., Ltd.

l l H. G. s. ADAMS. MANAf-‘ER.

Department of

per ton delivered in bags.

St. John County, N. B.

4i

ltlvlt" lI1~‘I‘-t‘Y by KIWWHIB experimenting With garden D68!- llll WW l5 40ml! U19 for some years prior t0 his death "0" illlll flplllyllli; in 1884; and he found that certain

» - NEWSY

NOTES .-

nysoluoonm

antimony AND Mauritius womc l2)

"Repetition In good touching" said a public man, u. while ago; and this encourages me to review last week's account of Mendels discoveries. The Abbe Me idel, ab- bot of Brunn, in Austria, ad been

characteristics were inlieritable in certain proportions of the seedl- ings. Other investigators carried on his wc"k amongst fowls, and fin- ally amongst humans; and the broad principles of heredity that came to light avert- termed Mendelism in tribute to his life uprk.

One important discovery was that some cl1:iractcx'i..ics were "dominant" and as it W3TC forced themselves to the front: whilst others were ‘ ‘ecessivt? and al- though transmitted and not lost. vet were met-powered and hidden away for the time being by the in o r e imperious "domeuanls." Science has noted that among mankind brown eyes are domin- ant and blue ltncluding dark blue. light blue. grey, and green) eyes are recessive. Again curly hair is dumltiatit and straight hair re- ccssive. As to color of eyes, Just observe the pro-portion of dark- cycd persons met with in the course of even a short jstirnefv. and 1t will satisfy the observer " that brown eyes are dominant in the Island!

A man whose parents are both

a most intriguing field . vestlgatlonl t“ m

TII I MILK! WAY.

ml is tho name to but or tawny 111mm: all; which we see stretching across the heavens. on a moonless night lii Autumn. Though we in the Norm cannot see it. it stretches across the Southern heavens in much the same manner: lt, as it were, en- circles the earth. In the North here. it passes within a short dis- tance from the Pole Star, cutting through the constellations of Cas- sivveta, Perseus. and Auriga, and touching the horns of Taurus. Cut- ting across _tlie Ecllptic it passes between Orion and Gemini, thus Pfltfirlnt! the Southern heavens. Tlirotigh Monoceros it continues, tlwuzh Argo, to the Southern Cross, and the feet of the Centaur. Now it divides into two branches. ll"! bllglller Passing. through the constellation Ara. through the bow of Sagittarius twhere lt begins to be visible to us again), up through 11511118 l0 Cygnus. Here the two branches unite and continue to Cassiopeia. The star-gazing reader will derive some entertainment in tracing this luminosity through the Northern constellations; but he (or she. for I am aware that there are ladies in the Province who are equally interested in Astronomy) ""155 Wil‘ upon a star-atlas whilst tracing its course in the Southern heavens

The first tiling that strikes the observer is the apparent branching

brmvn-eved, may be classed c011- venieutiy as B Ii. No matter whom B B marries, he will transmit "B" lthat is, brown eyes) to his child- ren. If he marries a B B woman then both parents transmit, “B" to their children, who are, be it ob- served, of B B type

But suppose B B marries 11 “bb" woman, who has itiherited blue eyes from both parents? What than? Well, the one parent. trans- niits “B," and the other trans- mits “b," and quite definitely hel- ther characteristic is lost. Such a child ls a "B b" but on account of the aforesaid dominance the Bb child is always brown-eyed, and never blue-eyed! y

Now go a step further. If a Bb marries another Bb, how does that affect the eye colors of the child- ren‘? These two brown-eyed pur- ents themselves "have inherited latent, non-apparent, recessive blueness of eye.“ Each parent therefore transmits, in equal shares, blueness and brownness, and “any child of the marriage in- herits a characteristic made up of the union of any two of‘ the ele- ments B and b." Four such com- binations are possible, viz, B B, Bb, Bb, and hb, and this is the answer that Mendelism gives to the mating of Bb and Bb. ——three brown-eyed children and one blue- cycdl Readers must have often noticed such apparent "sports" in families, but perhaps did not know that it was an expression of the immutable law of heredity. But don’t be too hasty in inferring that this is a. stereotyped pal-em for every four-child family; lt. re- presents only a kind of average. If 1.000 children, all of whom had Eb parents, were examined, there would be approximately three brown-eyed to one blue-eyed; if 1000.000 children were examined the proportion would be still near- er this figure; while if only 100 it would be less exact.

Scientists have worked out the combinations for many other physical characteristics, for which renders may be referred to writings on the Mendelian laws. When we come to consider mental char- acteristics. we find ourselves in an impasse. Science. for instance, cannot tell us why imdlstinguish- ed people have world-famous sons. ‘--llki= Shukstpere. Beethoven, or Napoleon: nor why fnmllies. like the Cccils and Chilrchills. pioduce famous men for centuries. Here ls

cow testing or herd improvement uork has been uphill work, but. LliOnC who have continued in the work over a period of years have benefittetl greatly. Many herd own- ers do excellent work for a period of a few motiths, but slip in such busy seasons as seeding or harvest. allowing themselves to think they cannot afford even the few min- utes required for weighing the milk. Continuous records over a period of years are necessary to file‘. anything approaching the maximum value from a service of this kind. Our limited progress in “the work has tmdoubtedly been due largely to thc fact. that we have utmost no exclusive daily ftmncrs in the Prnvinm. But it ls our duty to teach our bovs and girls what a dairy cow can pro- duce and earn in dollars and cents, They ieam to feed cows on rations and find out exactly what. a cow can produce if given proper feed and care.

Once they have found the secret in dalrying and testing they will find that it. pays more to keep a few good cows than a herd from which there is no revenue.

It ls doubtless true that in the great majority of cases. the cow with the certificate of production is actually must better value even at the higher prices. It would be well ff we seriously considered the future making it‘ a condition of membership in a Herd Improve- ment Association that the owner agree that all cows not reaching a certain standard of production must be culled out and sold for slaughter. exemptions of course be- ing made for old cows or in- dividuals already havlnfl good records.

Pbrwnrd any ideas you may have on the question to the Secretary o! the Dairy Association. They vdll be appreciated.

Why not get in touch with ymir nearest Association or write the Department of Agriculture for full information.

They will willingly do all in their

wer to help you whether ln the

orming of an association. feed rations. or any problem nnected with the Dally Industry.

Tall: ft over vfiYll-Kitheituw"!

of ‘the luminosity; it does not branch in reality however, for the appearance is caused by a long opaque cloud of material akin to dust, which lies along the middle of that particular stretch, and ob_ scuies the stars beyond it. Here and there in other regions of’ the Milky Way, similar clouds make irregular black patches, the. most intense being the "Coalhole." near the Southern Cross.

Another feature, but not 5o Slrlkllvz. is the numerous local ag- gregations of stars, producing brighter patches in certain well- defined spots. One of these dense assemblages of stars is in the con- stellation of Saggltarius. in the Southern heavens.

As was reunarked last week in this column. the Milky Way (or Galaxy) consists of an incredible number of stars so distant that their light blends into a faint haze: <2) that they are arranged into the form of a gigantic disc, "like a miilstione” as the As- tronomer Herschel said, and (3) that our sun is a star—and a very ordinary one at that- near the hub of the mlllslone. The British Astronomer Royal is the authority who tells us that. a. square of the Milky Way, measuring one degree each way, contains an average of 40,000 stars of’ all sizes down to the 20th magnitude: but. at a dis- tance of 00 degrees fromthe Milky Way ‘Slltlh a square would contain only 1.200 stars. tFor purposes of comparison, remember that the apparent diameter of the full moon 1s but halt a degree )

‘The Galaxy, we now know, is but one of a great number-many mil- lions, in fact —“of separate is- land universes scattered through space.” and instead o! the simple "haze" to which‘ we first drected our vision, we find we are con- fronting a phenomenon which sets us innumerable problems.

fun-rum: nouns

0n taking uip my writing-pad the other day I disturbed a little crea- ture that on first sight resembled an insect. It had eight legs. I found on examination, and a pair of feelers developed into very business-like claws; and these, with its flattened body. made it appear like a miniature crab, a- bout one-quarter inch across. Like a. crab too, it was capable of a sldelong motion when, excited. This little fellow was of a lealdeu color, but other tiwo specimens I have previously seen were a sordid white in hue.

Sysltematists call these ‘creatures Pseudo-scorpions, and p0 p u i a r language has translated this into False Scorpions. They are abranch from the Arachnfds-the iaimily tree 0f the spiders-and like them, they prey on other creatures. Our False Scorpion is a "Cheiifer." tier-y probably C. cancroldes of’ Linnaeus, which sometimes cactus among old bcolcs and papers, and is SIhDECIEd of lying in wait for

the "book-lice" which frequently inhabit such places. There are many genera of Raise Scorpions,

mostly found ln tropical regions,

It may not be out of the way to remind nature students that in- sects never have more than six legs while the Cheitfers have eight. There 1s another distinction; while insects undergo a metamor- ph0sis-—a ponderous word mean- fiig change which is the higher groups runs through the sequence of egg, larva, pupa, and Imago; the Chelffer as soon as it leaves the egg, just grows 11nd ,rows tlii it is 0d full size.

The "nuptial flight" of one species of ant wok place on the evening of August 23rd. Records for many years show that minis never far away, and sure enough we had a rainstorm on tho alter- noon of the 24th and a worn one on the 5th. During this pnlod, ii was officially stated, 1.70 lnchel 0f rain fell. Last year I recorded two flights of a small Aphoditu beetle: the flights were about. sundown on Sept. 30th and Oct. 4th. Rain occurred on Oct. 1st and Oct. 0th. respectively.

The rusty-colored Cotton-Grass seen at Mermaid Lake. turns out to be. u I s _ nlvphorum vlrglnlcum L., the Virginia 00t- ton-Grass. The little rush on the shore of the Lake mied me, but. the Division of Bo ny at Ottawa tells me that ft. is Jimcm polo- carpuu E. Meyer, the Brownian- frtilted Rush. Note that these have not up to the present been record- ed for our Province

The White Cabbage Butterflies are not as abundant u they were last Pall. but tihey no still present ln tnogrentnunmcmOncoletl

EUMMARY

OTTAWA, Aug. 25-1050 week's neral improvement in price evels on cattle apparently in- duced shi pers to unload heavier supplies a stock yards during the current trading session, but ile- llvcrles could hardly be said to be excessive for this season of the year. Apart from a poor demand on weighty steers, due to lack of bilying for Overseas account, the general cattle market staged a good performance and ractiaally nil classes of cattle at al markets sold steady to firni. Price advances were general with most girudes of killing cattle from 10c to k above the previous week. A fcature of the trade was the improved out- lct for replaceuieizt cattle. At “Illi- nipeg, n better demand for stock- ers on Eastern account itccelcratctl the nloveuient lo ally and till stilt- able replacetiiciit stock was clear- ed at firmer rates.

Cattle Prices

The top price on iveighiy’ st at Toronto remailicd at h rt \_\ level of $7.35 with the lllilj however, making up‘ to $7, while butcher steers and eifers sold tip to $6.25. Good steers at Montreal ranged up to $7.50 and some tops made as high as $7.65 Hills‘? a brisk trade. Cows and bull- ap- peared to be in better demand than other classes at Montreal, The ‘dc- mand for steers carrying “eight was rather disappointing at Wlti- nlpeg and rough killers were most- ly 25c to 50c lower. Good Kinds of grass killing steers sold bt‘l\\‘l‘llll $5.50 and $6.50. and a few of the grain-fed order topped at $7 to $7.25. Outside orders took some fleshy feeder steers costing up to $5, while t-he general run of stilt- able stockcrs and feeders made $4 to $4.75, Indications tit present point to future deliveries of fat cattle showing ant extensive feeli- lng mcetltig s. avorable rcc tion. Demand for replaccti t. cattle is also expected to be Sllfll- clently broad to tnuintalu fii'm values for all suitable stockers and feeders offered. Calgary was active on cattle and particularly on cows and heifers. The top of the steer market was s6. Edmonton, also, cleared su plies readily at steady to firm va ues and was 25c lilglu: in spots with the top on rood butcher steers at $5.50. A ight supply at. Prince Albert was snap- ped u at an advance of 25c to 50c. e best. of the steers offer- ed were only medium iii quality and made up to $4. Moose Jaw was fully steady and had some choice near heavy steers up to a top of $5.50. A similar top prtf-e prevailed at Regina, where the genera! cattle offering was absorbed at steady to stronger prices. Saskatoon was active and in spots 25c higher. with odd good steers topping at $6.

The Unllod States Market

Shipments to the United Statcs from Eastern Canada were nc;:- ilgible. Buffalo had no Canadia s but reported the market for native fed steers 25c or more higher but grassers slow and 25c or moic lower. Top fed steers made $11.50. A few Canadian bulls were taken between $5.50 and $8.50 and Cnn- adian calves from $11.50 down- ward. Reccnt notations from St. Paul on Calla fan grass steel‘.- were $7 to $9.25, heifers s7 down- ward, cows $5.50 to $6.75 and bulls from $6.35 down. These prices m1: about in line with those ruling; during the previous week.

Export shipments to the South during the week consisted of 804 beef cattle. 264 dairy, and 327 calves. ‘Ilotal shipments to date this year amount to 32,076 beef cattle, 6,874 dairy, 34,340 calves. and 90 h s, as compared with 141,318 bee, 8.05s dairy, 79,005 calves, and 57,714 hogs in the same period a. year ago.

The Britlsfli Market

Glasgow sold Canadian

M106?‘

favorable season conic round and they will easily become us great a nuisance the potato "bug." ‘they arc, I find, very partial to the mignotiette as a food plant.

Mr. Geo. W. Ayers, 1n kindly sending me seeds of Ranuilcultts acris, the Tail Buttercup, for transmission to a botanist 1n Elig- land, tells me this plant is ratlicr scarce, most of the piuiits he has found being thc species R. rcpcus, Creeping Buttercup. This is eli- tirely i11 accordance with ob- servations in my own district.

The use of a local name led to an error in a well-known Maga- zine Just week. A \‘,Oi'i't‘SD0ll(iL'llL wanted to know how lo clean Sweet Fern" out of his pasture

rland, and the editor replied. giv-

lng instructions us if the plant were an actual fern. The enquire!‘ meant the species of fern-lcavcd bayberry called Myrica tispleni- folia. a close relation of the Wax- berry once used for candles. It i..- u long way from being a fern! Popli- lar names are often mlslcuciinu,

STOKE. A PLACE-NAME

A gazetteer, issued by tlie Daily Express, lists 10.000 place- nameai of English towns and vil- lages. About half a page is taken up by mamas with “Stok¢" asp. prefix, while otherwhcre we find it. used fairly frequently as an af- fix. There is little doubt that the word is connected with the Anglo- Saxon "s/toc." which means the trunk of a tree: for all villages (and even towns) were iitiockndcd in those early and perilous timer. This view is supported by u con- sideralble number of place-names with “stock" as a component. as in Stockton, Woodstock. and so on. Perhaps Btogumber and Stogurscy in Somersetshlre are merely ll"- oouth variants of Stoke or Stock. -The story that Blshoptstokc ui Humpalre got its name from tlic fact. that the first Bishop of W111- chum "set 1m his episcopal stuff (or stock) there as being the ccu- tm of his diocese." is open to very grave maplclon. We may conjec- tum with more probability that he fortified the village by means OI s dockade, as its nearness to the sea made It liable tio attack by the Dane! of Horsemen. In coilrso of time all specialized meanings of place-names die out and come

to mean simply “L DIM"

Weekly Livestock Market Report

rom the S. S. Sulairia on AilBllsl 25th at an averaec of about 30 per 1b., live weight and bull-i around 8 1-4c. Birkenhead had n0 Canadians on offer but reported medium weight steers about one half cent higher and other classes tinclianzed. Demand continued for thc better qualities of cows.

A shipment of 468 cattle was in thc Montreal yards for export to Grcnt Britain to sail on Friday. August 26th, on the S. S. Dclillan for Gliisgtnv, '

airy

Calf Market Generally Stronger

Vents opened strong at $10 at Toronto bill cased off to around $050 for tops at the close. Mon- ircal tins fully 50c higher on veals

with the bulk ut $8, some tops $3.50, and Ollf‘ Mlle at $0. Winni- peg iarricrl good strength and cl r firmer from $7 to $8 for choice vents. Calgary was

vc 11;) to a top price of $6.50.

le Edmonton was showing a

rt», tops a‘ Prince . .00, Moose Jaw $0, $35.’). and Regina was

S. .~t"o1i

l fi-nicr with odd fancy calves up to

$7. Hog Market Lower

Hoes opened 25c to 50c lower at Tortiiztti art-l held n range of $9 t0 $9.55 for barons, off trucks for the balance of the wcck. Montreal sold l)£‘..'"lf‘1." at $9.25 ‘o $9.50 f. and w.. wliilv il/iiinipeg was very erratic and cxlwrlencerl the ivorst break

_1n llll‘! rlltrinc the current trad- HIP,’ ~ 111. Bacolts opened at .8! to R025 f. and \v,. and finally

tlrtippccl lo $8 50. Calgary‘ was tend- lug lower and closed with bacons at $8 ~10 rill’ fl'\l('l(.\, while Edmon- ton closed down to $8 50. Otuer centres closcd sharply lower with Priucc Albert and Saskatoon at $8.25 and Moose Jmiv and Regina. tit $8.35 for bacous off trucks.

Lamb Prices

Iiambs opened 25c lower at To- ronto but thc loss was regained by the close when good ewes and wcthers were making $8 50. Mon- trcal was orl a basis of $8 for good lambs with one lot at the close at $8.25. Winnipeg eased off from the high time of last week and the bulk of the good lambs were at $7 to $7.25. Calgary was steady" on cod handywcight lambs up to S0 while Edmonton top- tied at $0 U, Prince Albert at $6.25, Moose Jaw and Saskatoon at $6.50, 11nd R-"Siua at $6.75.

Cattle Markets

Toronto sold 6.250 cattle on a. hfiuicr iiiarkct. The run included 900 wc-slct-ntrs, mostly stockers.

With a better demand for killers trade was more ilCfIVE and the supply cfcrtrcd out at an advance of 10c to 15c on all cxctipt weighty stct-rs. The range on heavy. steers M“? 1mm $5 W $7 with a cop loud at $7.35. Butcher steers and "heifers brought $4 to $6 ‘.25, butcher cows lmm $3 P0 $4.50 itnd calipers and cutters $2.25 to $2.75. Fed calves had a range of- 7 to $9,541, with three head at. $9.75. Stor-kers were moved out. _i"l‘fl.(lll_V at $4 to 35,15 and a fc_\v feeders at $5.50. Milkcrs and springcrs were steady with tested lCps around s65. There were 200 steers and bulls taken for Overseas but no shipments of any flvcount ivrrt- made to the United States.

Montreal had l,736,cnllle m1 the two nizirkets and trading on i111 classes ivas brisk at higher price lcvcls, ivith cows and bulls ar- llflllafll’ in good demand. (good stccrs brought $6.50 to $7.50. tops "P to $7.65, itietliums $5.25 to $6.25, and common mostlv $4 to $5, Hcifcrs ratiuecl from ‘$3,351 t9 $515 and odd top; $5.50, 690d cows we"; llwsllv $4.50 to $4.75, nicditlin $3.50 to $4.25, common butchers $3 to $3.25, and cnuiii-ris and cutters $2

5,

(‘all Markets 'I‘liro1ili opened strong ,, q- i; at $10 fbr tops but clostgl will;

choice front $9 to $9.50 and com- mon downward to $5, Gfasgerg ranged from $4 to $4.75,

Montreal sold good veins (mm $7.50 lo $8.25, with a fcw tops up to $8.50 and one individual at $9.

Meliitiui vcills 5T to $7.50, q m. "llijl lllllllfi down to $5. grnssers $3.50 to $4.50. with the average 010's" to $4,

flog Markets

'l‘.iti ilomlliion hog run “u; 50,-

267 this week and 52,421 lii the stunt‘ wcek last c: to (latc this year

3,508,839.

'l'oro11to hogs UPCHCLLZSC to 50c lowct" at $9 to $9.25 for off trucked bnctins and hold that range for ti!" wt-clt. Soy/s tntidr- $0 ‘:0 t4) $7 off trucks.

Hamilton inc-karts‘ l'lL‘,'

Rt 595i) for lmcons HllJVE ‘off otlfftxilgokg and $1205 to $13.25 dressed and v_l_<»c<l at $9.25 ullvc. $12.25 to s12.- o5 dressed. Other Ontario centres Plow lmvcr. Kitchener at $8.60 flllvf‘. $11.75 dressed, Guelph $8.75 uhtc- $11.90 GFESSCG, Stratford, $11.75 dressed, Barrie $835 gllye, $12 tit-cased, Brantford $8.85 alive. Hull opened at $8.75 ulfve, $12

y 1 Totals 2.015.607, inst, year female bud a

FUR FARMERS, STOCK BREEDERS and GARDENERSJI

» CONSERVATION 7

A WE-I (XHIUIN OI‘ PRACTICE OPINIONS 0F Tlll; VITAL SOUIS APIIOTIIG TIII USES AND ABUSES Oi. NATIBAL RISOUICIB BY am, LUDIDW JENKINS

THE WATEBFOWL AND COMMON SENSE

(By I

Dollars an Sense,

Brant,

Author of Storms Over

tho Constitution, etc.) ‘The oat-rich‘ that stick: its head

in the sand ls no American sportsmen. on ever hund that of Wil Ducks are

bllnder than With evidence several species already down

to the point ofimminent extermin-

ation, and that 0th headed in

the same

er specim are direction,

sportsmen continue to oppose the

one remedy that still can and duck-shooting-

both ducks

55W!

closing the season until the birds

regain their former

numbers.

The sportsmen who oppose this

measure fall into selfish minority tha

two classes, a t knows what

1s happening but cures only for its

own unthinking majority

immediate pleasure. and an

that either ls

mislead by the first aroup, or lacks

information aitogeth Sportsmen still appearance of’ write

did six years, ten years,

GI‘.

discuss the dis- rfowl as they twenty

years ago-blaming everything and everybody but themselves. Calling

themselves conservatllcnists.

they

gather in national conventions and

‘charge the disappearance of water-

fowl to everything fmm polar bears

to alligators. Ducks killed by drainage,

ism. alkali, oll poll

they any, are clrouth, bottli- utlon. crows,

sea gulls, foxes, Indians, Mexicans and muskruts. But. ls ever a word

said about the

deadly

barrage

pottred from millions of shotguns in the hands of millions of hun- ters-a 3.000 mile gauntlet of shot

and shell. ablaze from September

to Christmas along every lake and stream from Canada to the Gulf

of Mexico? Not a subject ls tubu. To the sportsman

syllable. The . anybody who

mentions the shotgun as a cause of waterfowl decimation proves to

be a sentimentalist. ing in judgment. good breeding. The

totally lack- and devoid of late Dr. Wm.

'1‘. Hornaday. greatest defender 01'

waterfowl, and the

moat. unerrlnz

prophet America. has ever pro- cuced, was systematically excluded

[from the programs or conservation gatherings i0,- last fifteen years of his life H» never would keep quiet Bllfllili-llll: pleasant truths. Alvlttys, ,. 1,“, y-ars after he began to atlvocuu. them, the remedics he pit-path}; were adopted. But {hose w)", a, first resistcd never could tutuné hlm for seeing ritzlit. ant! thll ‘ON latcd remedy invariably cilrrui m, late-as the closed scauiu my 'l.l‘ll‘BflfP.il5 to do.

t1 a timial

Empty Or Full Sanctuaries,‘

If waterfowl are not to llisilpyiiqr from the contincnt of Nt-i-tli Am. erict, action inust be Llkvu Along two lines:

1. A long-range progiuiiii ll"! ' ‘ undertaken to furnish Wil with a protcctt-tl liablln‘ ing bleeding grounds, saw‘ along the (‘llllffi line, of llll and wintci- ire-ding grountl~

2. Sh ' must be . ' while . , -

ff we couch out stopping isutioting, w have a protected liitbitnt nothing to inhabit ft.

If we stop shooting WIlllUM “s. tabllsiiing a sanctuary SYSUH. ~15. aster will fallow tlm -f‘(‘.~llllll7il t~ t)! shooting. The [lnittxl SLUC l“fl Canad contain ton many |t‘."‘ w.) maxi)’ alttoiiiobilcs, too main- . guns, to nitikc it possible t‘ serve waterfowl pcrlnantinllt. out a yuar-i-ouiid sitnctuar extensive enough to shclt percentage of thc brcwd

It will take at lrast icn ."‘l up an atlcquatc water-fowl rcftigcs. Besides limited to the anioitnt of c1» ment funds avallulilc year ll\‘ tear, the sanctuary program will he ti in with a general tila-n of sol‘ water conicrvatlotl which hike a quartet‘ of a (‘entru- m bring into flill effect. magic by which a protected hi1

v8

for waterfowl cnn be entabl overnight But there magic.

‘titty-Z on this continent can vanish tom- pletely within the next tcn Iwcnra.

by which the watcrfmvl still

1T0 Be Continued) _ _

TIMELY NOTES ON TOPICS CONNECTED WITH

Silver Fox Farming

(Continued from page 2) fiFfi ETf7€l161TfiT<

ranchers.

H, J. Mabon, Montague, well known drugglst, optlciun, and last but not least, successful silver fox rancher. who spent a mouth or so in hospital in BOsLOIl. returned a few vreeksi ago looking in the best

of health. His msny

ITIOBQ N‘!

giving hlm u warm welcome home. Among the advertisements of

mink for breeding

purposes ln u

recent fox fur magazine we note Holt Retifrew d: Qantpauy. Ltd, Quebec, whose stout is descended

from genuine north-eastern

Que-

bec mink. Holt Renfrew is one of the oldest fur firms on the llnerican continent. having been eslabljghgl over one hundred years. They were

breeding silver foxes

at almost as

early a date as some of the pion- ears in Prince Edward Island, and

they built up a

different

strain

known as the Holt Renfrew strait‘

of foxes. They were

large foxes

and quite showy, some ver silvery, but did not. have the quail y or the Dam". Tllblfn or Rayner breeds.

Whether they are foxes or not we probably they are

they are breeders of

still breeding

cannot say. Very

but.

anyhow mink

as well

B5 Operators of large factories for fashioning furs and swanky retail

establishments in Quebec City.