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rm: GUARDIAN.

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THF. GUARDIAN’

I Morning Daily (Pounded tn 1881i. Aathorlled as Second Glen lthll. Poet Office Department. Ottawa.

President. rm n. e ‘s, Vice-President. Win. n. Burnett: Buoy-Tress. a. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. -.l. R. ; Associate Editor. Frank Walker.

"Tire Strongest Memory isWeaker Than the Weakest fnk."

CIIARLOTTETOWN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2'1 1948

Floor ForTuttor

in view of the discussion at the Dairymen's Association on the production and price of but- ler, it is gratifying to find that Agriculture Min- ister Gardiner has come to realize that it was I mistake to leave the dairymen out on a limb with regard to marketing. Addressing a large body of farmers at Billings Bridge, near Ottawa, he said he believed the fixing of a floor on a 12-months basis would result in stabilisa- tion of butter prices the year round to the mut- ual advantage of producer and Ionsumer.

"Had we set a wholesale floor of 44 cents lest year, I do not believe consumers would be paying more than 61 cents a pound for butter today," Mr. Gardiner said. "l am sorry we did not take your advice." '

Generally speaking, he said, the govern- ment did not favor price controls or subsidies but there were times when controls were neces- sary. Assurediy, it may be added, in view of an election, this is one of them.

For the world market, Canada, the Minister declared, could never hope to compete with Aus- tralia and New Zealand in the production of but- ter. The Dominion is situated too far north.

"Australia or New Zealand could deliver butter in this country at 40 cents e pound and still make a profit on it," he said. "You farm- ers could not hope to sell your produce at that figure." it is pertinent to remark that what is sauce for the goose should be sauce for the gander. Just as Australia and New Zoaland are more suitable for the production of butter, so are the West Indies better adapted for the produc- tion of sugar, yet the Government would never dream of opening.the door for the unrestricted admission of cane sugar in competition with home produced beet, notwithstanding that in the West indies the production cost of cane sugar is not more than 3c per lb.

Fiscal lleeil

The Speech from the Throne forecasts a larger share of revenue from Ottawa than was anticipated this year under the Dominion-Pro- vincial tax agreement, but this does not neces- sarily mean that tiie amount will be satisfactory. Indeed, aslthe principal of fiscal need ls not adequately recognized in the Ottawa agree- ments, there can be no prospect of a proper re- allocation of revenue. As a Nova Scotia con- temporary points out, fiscal need is the only fair principle of settlement. it was the basic senctipn for the Duncan and White awards, and was written into the Canadian Constitution-— or clearly implied in principle-when "allow- ances for Government and Legislatures" were authorized by the B. N. A. Act for the first year of Confefieration. The payments to the four original Provinces in the fiscal year 1867-1868, with their then populations, were as set forth below:

Province Population Allowance Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396,000 $80,000 Quebec 1,111,000 $70,000 Nova Scotia .. . 330,000 $60,000 New Brunswick 252,000 $30,000

When Prince Edward Island joined the Con- federation in 1873, it had a population of about 94,000, but was nonetheless given an allowance for "Government and Legislature" of $30,000. These payments were oil out of line with the relative populations of the receiving Provinces, the smaller ones in each case being more gen- erously treated, because of their greater fiscal need per capita of their populations.

The reason for this is obvious. The smaller the local jurisdictions are, as in the case of the Matitimes as contrasted with Ontario, or Que- bec, the more heavily does the irreducible "over- head" cast of administration bear. upon them, and tho greater becomes their fiscal claim on the central revenues, for special consideration in the allocation of these grants in aid to the Prov- inces. To this must be added the fact that while the taxation potential is enormous in the great industrial and mining Provinces of Ont- ario and Quebec, it is extremely meagre in the Maritimes, where business enterprise has not ex- panded on any such a scale, but has actually withered in recent decodes,-—-mainly because of Federal negilect,-with the result that the chief burdens of direct taxation have fallen with op- pressive incidence on the fisheries, forms, for- ests and other modest sources of "national pro- duct.”

The extreme case in the u.,ument for fis- cal need is that of Prince Edward Island, which owned no crown lands at Confederation; whose natural resources have always been of negligible value, and whose allowance under the recently negotiated agreement cannot keep its budget balanced even in the years that lie immediately

,ahead. The three bargains the Maritime Prov-

inces’ have been constrained by Ottawa to ac- cept, ane so grossly unfair to the Provinces that they must be revised most generously, if decent public services are to be maintained.

ilelleroleliteelr Feeds

The‘ manufacture of livestock and poultry feuds in Canada hos become a sizable industry. in 1,942. the industry produced stock and poul- ys Phi-Willi of 516151.325. ly ms,

efpredestloirlied increased to $70.- of estebllsfirrientshas

.Chief Justices.

Saskatchewan, 22 in Alberta and 29 injritish Columbia. The value of western Canadian pro- duction amounted to $15,200,000 in 1945, the last year for which the Dominion Bureau of Sta- tistics has prepared a report on the industry.

The largest single class of feeds monu- factured rwere laying and hatching mashes for poultry, to the value of $14,307,000. Next came :loiry and cattle feeds to the value of $9,294,- 000, and swine feeds to the value of $8,014,000. Growing mash for chicks was manufactured to the extent of $5,303,000, and all poultry feeds combined totalled $28,859,000. The latter fig- uro compares with $11,900,000 for calf meals, dairy and cattle feeds and concentrates.

The industry employs more than 3,400 per- sons and pays $5,500,000 in salaries and wag-es and $57,900,000 for materials of more than 50 different kinds, of which barley, wheat and oats led as to quantities, in the order named.

- EDIIURIAI. NOTES "-

The Trans-Canada Highway is again being mooted in Ottawa. This will only be a reality when it links every province, including the

smallest.

Without the excuse of emergency legisla- tion the Provincial government seems to be adopting the Ottawa strategy of dealing altern- ately with the speech from thelthrone and other

business.

when

Where there's a will there's a way? An ap- plicant for worker's compensation said to the Judge: "But I couldn't do a clerical job, Your Honor. I left school at 13 1-2." "Don't apolo- gize," said His Honor. "l left at l4."

fl I W I

The government is at last to supply uni- forms to the three cadet movements. This step was long overdue. The various sponsoring org- anizations have always received the greatest consideration from the government officials with whom they had to deal, but it should have been recognized before that the uniforming of cadets is a proper expense of government.

I I I

Navy men are used to cramped quarters afloat, but it ii a pity that the local divis- ion, H.M.C.S. Queen Charlotte, should find it- sel-f handicapped by lack of space. Nevertheless Captain Adams was welcomed as though he had the blueprints for o first rate establishment in his pocket.

fl I w I

A nice compliment to the Women's Liberal Club on their successful parliamentary tea was tendered in the Legislature by the leader of the Opposition. Dr. MacMillan said he had at- tended, along with Premier Joncs, and enjoyed the function very much. "Why shouldn't l?" he added. "i have a suspicion that most of those ladies voted for me anyway."

* i I i

There was no flourish of trumpets but rath- er a blackout when ex-Mayor Saunders of Tor- onto assumed control of the Hydro-Electric Pow- er Commission. Mr. Hiram E. McCallum, a successful businessman who has served on city council as alderman and controller for the last eight years, has been elected mayor of Toronto to fill the vacant mayoral chair.

* k k i

Manitoba is to do away with proceedings by petition of right next year. Similar legislation is in force in Britain and in South Africa en- abling the subject to sue the Crown without the necessity of getting the consent of the Attorney General. The old rule was reasonable when the Crown's servants were chiefly soldiers, but today, with the government taking part in every kind of activity, its immunity to suit is a very real grievance. ‘

I Q Q

Six years ago, on February 27, 1942, Brit- ish Commandos raided German installations at Bruneval and an important radio detector sta- tion there was destroyed. . . Three years ago this wee-k, on February\2l, British troops in the First Canadian Army captured Goch, near Cleve, and on February 22, the greatest simultaneous air assault in history took place. Before dusk had fallen more than 10,000 Allied sorties had been flown. On February Z6, Sgt. A. Cosens of Porquis Junction, Ont., won the Victoria Cross for an action which cost his life in the fighting around Mooshof, Holland.

a e

i

One of the tragedies of the vacating of India by the British is the plight of the llrit- ish Civil Servants,_judgos and administrators. Members of the former judiciary have been told by both India and Pakistan: "Wo won't be want- ing British judges anymore." Four of them are No alternative posts have been found for them in Britain, and no arrangements yet made ‘to compensate them, but the Lord Chancellor, Lord Jowitt, is considering the posi- tian with the Commonwealth Relations Office.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet, born this date 1807; after three years trav- elling in Europe, become professor of modern languages at Harvard in 1835. Became a fre- quent visitor to England, where he and his work enjoyed considerable popularity, so much so that at his death h-is bust was placed in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. His earlier poems are natural and fresh, easily understandable by the average reader; but-after becoming saturat- ed with European mediaevalism and mysticism, his work was more problematic, the religious ole‘- ment bulking largely though deep psychology be-

ing lacking. His chief works: The Voices of the-Night, The Spanish Student, The Poets and Poetry of Europe, Evangeline, The Gold-

en Legend, Tales of a Wayside Inn, Transla- tion of Dante's Divlna Commedia:

Tell rne not in mournful numbers, . "Llfe is but on empty dream!" For the soul is dead that slumbers,

And things are not what they seen. . Lives of greet pen all remind us

We ‘can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us

Footprints on‘ the sands of time.

In that. grlllwork at the front. of the new models of automobile- as heavy as 1t looks, or is 1t. just e bluff to frighten pedestrians lntc staying on tho sidewalks? ~Kin8' ston Whig-Standard. '

A psychologist eeys he cannot account. for the fact that many movie-goers are showing a mark- ccl preference for cartoon pictures. Coulrl it. be that. ri lot ui people are getting awfully lircd of peo- plc?--K1ngst.ciii Whig-Standard.

A prominent. clergyman wltli e statistical bent. recently figured out ltllfllr every living person has liuu 16.777216 ancestors. This probably explains how genealogists make o. living-culling out. the horse- tlileves and other low characters certain to form a percentage of any sixteen million people. Kingston Whig-Standard.

To destroy the rate of Europe. the American Feline society ecl- vocistes sending across 1,000,000 alley cats. Well, they might. get. rld of the rats, but it. would be well to contemplate the results sf having 1,000,000 displaced alley cats on the loose. Look what hap- pened tn Australia with the rab- bits. - From Windsor Star.

The British Columbia Command, Canadian Legion, wants the pro- vincial government in bring ln legislation to put a ceiling of 85 years on the age qualification fo. membership 1n the Legislative As- sembly and, o! course, in the cabl- net. It. would have the rule extend- ed bo federal legislators and ed- mlnlstrators. too; likewise ho judges Members of the profes- sional clvll service it would cam- pel to retire on reaching 65. - Vancouver Sun.

The value of mueie u e there- peutto agent. is being tested la military hospitals on this contin- ent end 1n other countries. Where properly adjusted to the lndlwrld- ual or group. music has been found to make e contribution to- ward the recovery of selected types of patients. Music has been used 1n the treabmqit of patients 1n mental hospitals La recent years as wells-Toronto Star.

The lose of human lives and the damage to property throughout Ontario and Canada this Winter. by disastrous fires, have been noth- ing loss than appalling. The pity of ll; all is that: they result very largely from carelessness. and. in most cases, could have been pre- vented by starlet: observance of the rules issued for the prevention of flies. Many of these tragedies have simply been inoperable. -- Brant.- ford Expositor.

An engineer who helped hulld the Grand Coulee Dam explained how the workers were able to string 500 feet of cable through a 25-inch wtncilng drain-pipe. They tied a string to a cat, and used n blast. of alr as e. tail \vlnd. Pussy pulled the string. the string put.- ed a rope. the rope pulled a cab.» -and . . . success! - Hy Gard- ner, ln Parade.

Back in I930 it begun to look as 1f the beaver would be seen no more in his habitat tn Northern Manitoba. The animal was dlsajr peering rapidly. Only the occu- slonal one was to be found where previously they abounded. Fortu- nately the provincial government when it book over the natural re- sources acted quickly and effective- ly. The conservation measures then adopted have had the desired ve- sult. In the swamp lands around The Pas and along the Hudson Bay Railway the beaver has staged a remarkable come-back. In some places along the line they have L so numerous that they are e nuisance. for they use trestlos and culverts as foundations for their dams and cause flooding of the ratlvay. Many have been trapped tn these areas and taken to other suitable country in the province where tt ls hoped they wlll thrive and increase. This 1s good nows for the trapper. it. is estimated by D. M. Stevens, dopuvv minister of mines and natural rc- sources. that. returns from bcuvr: pelts ulanc will moan anywhere from 54-00 to $1,000 for every rosi- dclit trapper 111 The Pris arch. Further. lic predicted that. the beaver population would double or treble within two to five years. Here ls an excellent example a! the beneflt. to be derived from wise conservation measures. It. is to he hoped that the campaign to preserve the forests of Manitoba meets with the some success. Winnipeg Tribune.

——-i r

There is no telling in what new spot. austerity will break out. Rall- way employees are in the black hooks of Magistrate Powell tn Lor- doo. England. When n rnllroader was up for their; the Magistrate half him: "It. 1s disgusting the d1 honesty of so many railway servants. You cannot. trust. them with anything. Nothing can be sent by rail without fear of -t. being broken open or stolen." Com- menttng on the British railway crime. wave. W. L. Clark, in The wind r star. airs a deemed tribute to the retl workers in Oe- nede for their rugged honesty and meticulous performance o1 duty. There 1e no ftnet record anywhere than that of the great transporte- tion services tn- Canada. end the seine applies to, the walrus enu postal departments. All tn all. how. ever. the British delivery‘ system cannot be as bed es that. pleiurca by the london mellotrete. In the tone of thousands of parcels Ca- nealerie send. It is very seldom that they ere not. received by the consignee. followed by e letter of slowing p lstton beak to 0e-

psde. -- Catherine's llreaderd. l

> FO§+O§§§Q PUBLIC FORUM '»_

Thin column open to the dteoaeetoa by ops-ris- eponaente oi questions at inferent- Tbe Charlottetown Gllltlllln does not aeceelr- tiy ensloree the opinion u! wrreepondeate. '

OOOQ-QXOOOFOQ-O-Q O-O §§§4 v

GIRL GUIDES GRATEFUL

slr.-Tha Girl Guides Associa- tion at Prince Fklward Island wish to thunk you and your staff moo‘. sincerely for the splendid (xi-oper- utlon and help in publicity during Scout-Guide Week just. passzn; ivllhout. this co-opcratlon Lin: muvemcilt. would not be able to advance in the way we hope ldld

we are most. grateful. I am. Sir etc, K. G. SADLElt. Sedyilircas.

sir, _ 1 d0 not always agree with Mr. Vernon Crockett/s ideas. es- pecially his political and economic ideas. In fact. Mr. Crockett tn P91‘ ltlcs does not. always agree with himself, and hls letter o! Feb. 24th ends vrith a delightful self-contra- diction of 1115 "die lsard" Tory let.- ter of Feb. 19th. Vernon should steer clear of politics.

I wish here however to express my great appreciation o; a series of letters on the subject of educa- tion written by Mr. Crockett. and appearing in the Forum during the past. year. Vernon Crockett by tho way ls, as I well remember, en oltl P.W.C. contemporary of myself, and like myself, has. I understand spent most of his adult. life 1n the teaching profession ln Eastern and Western Canada, and thus no doubt com; tn contact with teach‘ ers from every Province in Canada, and every part; of the British Isles and even to a lesser degree from the United States of America. I have no doubt that. most of hls readers wlll feel that when he speaks on the subject o! education. he speaks with the authority of one who in early life received e soundly fundamental education, and who has had not only e long experience 1n the teaching profes- sion, but; who has also spent much time ln study and reflection on the nature of true education. .._..

Oustanding among Mr. CrocketUs letters was one on Lhe subject of education 1n Denmark, and this letter must have been o! great. ln- terest to e group of educational- mlnded persons in our Province who no doubt sincerely desire t0 improve our system of education along utilitarian y. and practical lines. and for this purpose ere prone to quote Denmark as their example per excellence. Mr. Crock- ett’: letter, however, went fer to prove that Denmark does not put undue emphatic on the importance of vocational training in her con- Cellllvn o1 education. It ls true this country has e good systqn or vac- atlonel schools. but. the training received 1n these schools, ls never- theless, 1n Denmark considered generally l0 be just. vocational twining and not educatlop in the highest. sense _of the ward. Den- "wrk- according u. Mr. Crockett’: letter, has not as some of us might be prone to imagine, forsaken her old respect for the humanities, but, "EH1". 0n the other hand, puts e high prc-mlrm on the classics and other mainly cultural subjects.

W!‘ Denmark. like our own Prov- lnce ls pre-smunently an agricultural COUMPY. and its government ls therefore vastly lntefested 1n the problem of maintaining n happy, intelligent and prosperous mr-nl population, and its whole educa- tional system indicates that. ll. be- lleves that. this problem is not. ul- WEEUIBI‘ one of technical efficiency bul- ls one also 0f nlral or pastoral idealism, and that to this end n]; classics and cultural subjects gen- erally, including poetry. music, rural architecture and landscape gardening contribute pro-eminently 'I‘1iat Prince Edward Island has e Prflblem similar to that of Den. murlc can hardly be denied. That Denmark's solution of the problem 1S tho correct one, 1 am qujtg can vlncecl.

Another interesting and timely letter written by Mr. Crockett was one in which he defended the ud- "nllf-‘PS 0f the old one-rormed

for its obvious disadvantages. no ivllflves like evoiynather intelligent

' llllvn of our province ln the 1m

llrflvcmcnl. of our schobl sysirm, but ho insists that whatever changes a"? mad" l" 11-. the Old c110 raoiincd school within walking distance of our school children must he re- tained. and retained too Bl; n high standard. In this contention he 1"" mv hearty Support for 1 fear that. in the present siege of vision- flPY high and mulii-ccmposlte schools. our actual one-roamed non-composite schools may ggflaus. ly suffer. first from loss of respect "Y"! 911E111’ from serious neglect. somewhat after the fashion of the bone that was dropped by the dog 1n order that he might. grasp the shadow-and coming events. we are Wid- dfl fflrecfilt their shadows. In this same letteiyMr. Crockett a¢v°°ll9li l Ivar/em of more purely agricultural schools embracing horticulture for our country boys and tllrld in preference to the multl-carnposlte schools s [gggtgfl by the School Improvement ague. This proposition should appear em-

MR- CROCKEIT? _,

school now so adversely criticized -

will "soil them quickly.

OUTTHEY GO

Fiuru. CZLEARANCE Men 's Overcoats

Tuesday morning we offer -the balance of our Men's Overcoats at a price that