THE GUARDIAN.

CI-IARLOT'I'ETQWN

o

JANUARY 2, 1951

PAGE TEN

THE ED U CA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION y

OTHERS SEEKING

outpost In china

Dy Val Glallud

Continued

1 CANADIAN EDI

ICATION WEEK '

(March 4th to 10th, 1951)

Education Week in Canada is an annual one-week programme voted to the aims. ideals and needs of Canada's schools and their leach- ers and pupils.

Education week was first held in 1931 in the United States under the auspices of the American Lea- inn and the National Education As- sociation of U. S. A.

Canada's first Education week was held in 191-.15 at the initiative of the Canadian Teacher's Federat- ion, Since that time Canadian Education week and American Education week have been observ- ed concurrently.

The purpose of llliducatloii Week. is to focus the thinking of ilic Can- nciian people upon their educatim-- al institutions and the work they are doing. To stage a brief but ex- tensive advertising campaign about the aims, ideas and needs of our Canadlan people. To help the par- cnts and citizens of every cam munlty to know the aqhiei-emnnt objectives and needs the-.:' schools. To increase public il1l('1"?si in supp:-rt of desirable reforms in education.

Some suggestions for all Educat-

dew

ion Week program:

1. special Sunday serivces in the churches. 2. Request local merch- ants to schedule displays of school work in their windows during Edu- cation Week. 3. Arrange to have posters prominently displayed in local business houses. some of these pnslcrs should advertise the aims and the general and daily themes of Education Week. 4. Plan for an open house program. where demon- strations and exhibits at school work may he observed. 5. Discuss the aims of Education Week with pupils and urge them to discuss Education week with their parents. 6. Hm':- (itizelis of the community .'.j)E?lk to the pupils during school hours. Tfnese speakers could sug- cesf to the pupils some of the things the various industries, businesses and professiolu expect the schools to do.

The children and yoiiztz people of la country are its most valuabie ar- ct. Education is it matter of cor.- icerri. not only for those who are directly conrlected with our formal educational institutions, but it is

also one of viial interest and concern for all Canadian cit-izens

ALEXANDER I (EMPEROR OF RUSSIA)

i Alexander I 11771-13251 livcd in the time of tho Great Napoleon Bo:;aparte. He came lo the throne in 1801. at 24 years of age. He nu.- oeeded his father. Paul I. No ruler ever worked more earnestly and sin- :-erely for the good . not only of his own country, but of the world at large. For many years Alexander I sought to bring about reforms which would give greater freedom in the Russian serfs, who were then actually the slaves of the land- nwing nobles. He also alien-.pied to institute I. better educational system and a more just governm-ni but, largely because the nobility op- posed him. ainicst nothing was ac- complished. He joined the otlznr nations against Napoleon. but alter his armies had been defeated. 11- agreed to make terms with the great Frenchman. The two l'u'.cr.". met at Tiisit in 1807. and planned to divide the world between tlir.-ni But Alexander soon discovered that Napoleon did nct attempt to keep his part of the bargain. so the czar rejoined the Allies and helped to bring about Napoleon's downfall. Alexanders name stands forth as the founder of the Holy Alliance.

.Th.is was an agrer-nicni. signed hv. "Russia. Austria,

in

and Prussia TEACH POLITENESS

Hood lnanners arc the grnilc.-i 4-harms one can pox.-"cs3. Youlv: people should cultivate them as-y siduously. Money cannot buyiiiem.. There is only one way in obialn good manners. and that is b,vicarn- est practice. Alw.-iys use good iiiail-y hers at home and at school, then- you need not be alarmed ivhcnl

among Etrangens. for it will bel perfectly natural in be polite and respectful in all. Ilcm(m-

her. that politeness is of great value-., yet costs nothing but your own'

181-5. which hound them to act in- ward their subjects and iowarcis other nations in accordance with the teachings of Christ. Alc.xandei- died In 1825.

Alexander II (1818-1381) was a nephew of Alexander 1. He came ml the Russian Throne in 1855. and riilod for 26 years. 1n the Balkan countries he is still renie'.mbered its the "Liberator czar”, for it was he who led the Russian armies against Turkey in 1877. and freed some millions of Christians from Turkish rule. The deed that distinguished ihls reign was the freeing of more iihhll 40,000,000 Russian serfs from the slavery in which they were held by landlords. lle also established public and scientific schools. com- menced a new judicial system. simp- lified civil and criminal procedure. and granted local sr.-lf-government to some cf the rural districts and large towns. In 1881 he was klllcri by a bomb thrown by a revolution- ist. who tlmugilt Alexander na- nnl proclaiming . reforms fast enough. The very day on which lie was killed, Alexander 11 had signed a decree which. but for his death. nillzlit have Jeri in the e:stai)li:-'li- mciti. or constitutional government in Russia.

IN THE CLASSROOM

pl-1111:. tn ar:quil'e and that "To be polite is always to do and say the kilidesi things in the kindest way."

THE ("HILDREN

”'lli'cal tliv uhildreii fairly, kmdly, Load them gently on their way. Let them feel the power of sunshine. As they foil from day to day. Make their labour pleasant.

Win them by the love of truth. Luro them on by sweet incentive O'cr the slippery paths of youlh.

THE RIGHT WAY TO STUDY

The right way to study must ha, ieamed like any other mental liable. 1'. must include at least the follow-i mg particulars:

1. Concentration of milicl on the subject in hand: most children) form the habit of c-peniiig the bookl and allowing the eye to wander aimlessly over the page. while the ears are listening to what is going on in the room and the mind 1-; thinking of anything and every- thing but the lesson.

Mental concentration seems at first A difficult thing to acquire. but 11. is not. Any bry or girl who hap- nens in read this paragraph can re- duce the time now spent in gettlnu a. given lesson by one-half iii a month's conscientious effort to at- fniri a good mental concentration.

2. Systematic application: Have.- an intelligent plan about your studying. Giro it your best and freshest energies, poslpriniiia play and other diversions until after your serious work is done. g

3. Trloroughness: Understand ful--

ly the first steps that you may not stumble over what comes after.

4. Calnuiess and mental poi Nervousness is at the root of a .-as amount of poor scholarship. Do the best you can by honest conscienti- ous effort and do nct worry over the result.

5. Economy of intellectual force: Much energy is needlessly wasted. After the brain is really tired it is a waste to push it further. Drop the subject and take a run in the fresh air. so to bed and get a good nights sleep. The chances are that the solution of your difficulty will come without effort in the morning.

Make use of time. let not. ad- Vamlille slip. Shakespeare. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Johnson. It is necessary in try to surpass one's: self always: this nrcu-palloii ought to last as long as life.

Plan your work then work you,- j..i1.l8l.l...... . .. . .

EYESTRAIN

The most. lmpurlalil i-rulsr of (WP- siraln is fatigue of the eye iiiusr,-i fee which occurs when we continue no use the eyes in poor light. ffhere is -1 popular superstition that artificial light is bad for the eyes. This is not true if the light is ndequate and properly disiribuicd. Our-eyes have evolved to work but in light conditions comparable to diffuse sunlight. Aritficial light is usually much less intense. ul- afiough light engineers are con- atantly striving to produce artificnl

light cornpuoble to diffuse aun- light. To prevent. eyestrain eufficzent

lion-glare light should be made availlble io supply 25 to 30 foot eandlea or more for reading and. other tasks requiring accurate -vision. Often the light in homes. ieffeola. office: and workshops is as low u to 2 to 5 foot candles cn dull days and at night. Eyeatrain is a direct result of the poor light. Old buildingnshould have new light inataliationa designed by lixhting engineers. New buildings liould have adequate windows to an in as much non-glare daylight ,9! possible. To supplement the daylight. adequate artificial light

situated so as to prevent glare in the eyes. The best and cheapest tvpc of artificial lighting is Silppilr ed by properly screened fluoresc- ent bul-be.

Errors of re-fractions are the nexi. most common cause of cycsirain. They are hypercpia or long sight. Myopia or short sight and astigma- tism which causes blurring owing in irregular curvature of the eyes. Properyeye-glasses will remove the Dyesiraln.

In persons over 45 years of age the commonest cause of eyesirsm is pi'esbynoia......'rhls results from normal changes in the lens of the eye which cause the near point of vision to recede. Reading gleuea will cure iheieyeairain.

Other causes of eyestraln are im- -balance in the action of the musc- les that move the eyes and improp- CT NMUOD Of the internal muscles which focus the lens.

Treatment by an eye specialist can often cure this type of 3,5. strain.

Dark glasses reduce eyeairaln caused by excessive sunlight glare -which may occur while driving, heating or on the beach. Their use" is not justified under ordinary con-

ould be aupplied. Light fixtures ', id be vfvberly screened and

t Pitt-1 1. Nova Scout and New

Iaioehi colony at

I I Wt. ' 1.. la in: nilnmer. . V, O. Civillhd

MATCH

dltioiia of light. Health and Wei- fare. '

i Colony. The next largest island is

10-the St. Lawrence.

Amherst-. 9. Known as the land of Evangeline.

Ohio Valley-. 10. Leader of the British at the capture of Louis- ibourp. Brcibcuf-. Sauli. .

Champlain-. 12. Site of the pre- sent city of Quebec.

Cartier-. 13. important fur trade route.

Daulac - 14. Discoverer of the Great Lakes.

Talon - 15. First visited by Car- tier.

)1. Hero of the Long

HISTORY

1. The Great lntendant was 2. The first European to sail upon the Great Lakes was-. 3. The first census ever taken in Canada was ozdcred by-. 4. The hero of the Long Sault was-. who led an ex- pedition r-p the - against the -. 5. when Nova Scotia was Trench territory it was called -. G. In 166.! me King of France sci tip a gov- :-rnnicnt in Canada consisting of -. -. and -. 7. Canada became Eriiish as a result of the defeat of the -- under Gen. -- at the battle of - in the year -. ll. - quarrel- ied with - over the sale of liquor lo the Indians and as a result he was recalled to - in 1682. 9. The real iouiiclcr of Canada was -. 10. The war that decided whether Canada should be British or .French is know as -'. 1l.Thc fight- ing Gnvcirnov who saved Canada froni illic Iroquois was -. 12. The man who suggested the Act of Union was -. 13 The first province in Canada. to obtain re-prcsentative gm-gmincm was --. 15. The "Na- tional 11oliL'.v" which meant. a lar- iff on Canadian imports to pro-

Thc Bel-niildas lie southeast of New York and about 568 miles off Cape Hatteras. There are more than 300 islands in the group. Most of inem are merely large coral reefs. and only 13 are i'n'ha.bited. They were discovered .1 few years after Columvbus' last trip to America. by Juan Bermudez. a Spanish merchant. who was ship- wrecked on one of hhem. in 1609 Su- George Somers. an English- man. was shipwrecked there. He stayed to establish a colony and claim the islands for England. The Bermudas have belonged to Enz- iand from that time. They are the oldest sclf-governing British colo- ny and are an important naval base.

There are not many animals that are native to the Bermudas. The only reptiles found there are a small lizard and the green turtle. Thole a-re F. few insects. and only icn dififercnt kinds of birds. The local industries include whaling. cedar products, ipalmctlo piait work and IISI1ll'lK.

Great Bermuda. Island is by far the largest of the group. lls chief ciiy,1lamilion,islhe capital of the

st. George. which has an excellent harbour. Many of the people earn their living through the number of tourists who visit the Bermudas, aliraclcri by iihc ideal climate and

i. if hi-n straight lines out one anoiher the - --,-- are equal. 2. isoscelcs trapezoid is -. 3. The median of a triangle is -. 4. Five properties of a parallelogram ex- clusive of the definition are -. 5. Two propel-ties common to a square and a nhombus are -. 6. Two parallel lines are everywhere -. 7. If a polygon has four diagon- als. it has -- sides. 8. The distance from a point to a line is -. 9. Four sets of conditions which make two triangles congruent are -. 10 The sum of the interior angles of 11 polygon is -. 11. it a transversal cuts two lines so that the CO'lTL'5' uponding angles are equal. the lines are -. 12. An angle of 860 degrees is called a -. 13. The three alti-

A cnnlposor of music whom other composers gladly acknow- ledge as master is this the last of the "three B's" Bach. Beethoven. and Brahms. His father was double bass player in Hamburg, Germany, where Johannes was born. From the age of ten hdatudled piano and

composition with the excellent icachcr Edward Marxsen, who prophesied that Brahms would

some day be more famous ,ilhan Mendelssohn. 1

At the age of 20. Brahms went on a concert tour as accompanist of the Hungarian violinist Edward Rcmenyyi. On this tour he met Joseph Joachim. the eminent vio- linist, who was so impressed by his playing that he gave the young

usician letters of int:-odtiction to Franz Liszt and Robert Alexander Schumann.

After holding posts in ifannburg. Zurich, Switzerland. Ind Vienna. Austria. Brahms settled perman- ently in Vienna in 1872. and de- voted himself chiefly to composit- ion. Here he finished his first symphony. it met with aucoeu and Brahma was hailed by the entire musical world as a composer of

All the rivers of Arizona flow directly or-indirectly into the Colo- rado, second longart river in the United states. The atale of Arizona is part of a great plateau whielr slopes westward, in the north- western corner of Al:-iaona lie: the Grand Canyon National Park. The Grand Canyonla nearly 300 rnilea long. It is fl'0l'fl.4 in 13 miles wide

Loullbourg-. 5. Defeated Mont- : , . . . Louisiana-. 0. 'P'l'Gl'i09I Com- manner. , Acadia-. 7. Scene of first fight-

in in Devon You-a' war. y ebec- 8. auardoa the entrance

' , and in some place: it-if one mile

deep. Here as in the Painted Da- nerf. there is much colour. The oliflo and thin pinnaciea of melt look no mouth they were painted blue. red. pink and ' our-pier Jnalm lived on an an all the canyon long the i- axd: new the i'Ol198.r . y

iknown.

Lalemont-. 10. Most famous Je.-mu-it missionary.

Stadacona--. 17. Explored by Ciina-mplaln on his first trip to Can- I E. v '

I-iochelaga - 18. Discovered the

-51. Lawrence River.

Richelieu-. 19. Iielped Breibeuf build the Huron Mission at st. Joseph.

Ottawa-. 20. Established many industries in Canada.

Let us have faith that right makes might; and in that faith let -us, to the end, dare lo do our duty as we understand ii. Lincoln.

REVIEW

mote Canadian industry was intro- -duced by -. 16. The Educational System in Canada is unddr the control of the -- government. 17. Tivo outstanding results of the Red River Rebellion were - and -. 18. Two results of the Saskaldic- wan Rebellion were - and -. 19. - was the first Liberal Prime Minister of Canada -. 20. In 1927 Canada celebrated its -. 21. The three outaandlng achievements of sir John A. MacDonald were -. -. and -. 22. The present Gover- nor General of Canada is -. 23. The Treaty which closed the Seven Year's War was -. 24. -.- Act lbrougiht about Confederation in-. 25. The "Four Freedoms” are - -, -, and-. 26. The Atlantic Charter was signed by - repre- senting - and by - representing 27. Senators are appointed by like - on the advice of the Govern- ment in power. 28. The Lieutenant

Governor in a province represents

the -. 20. The first Prime Minister of England was -. 30. George I came to the throne in -.

BERMUDAS

the beautiful scenery. Other na- tives engage in Agriculture. The winter grown vegetables and :i'ruiis of the islands are shipped to

many parts of the world. Bermuda

potatoes and onions are well Bermuda. lilies. whose bulbs are expo:-ted in quantity to the U. S. are also well known. As the Bermudas are coral is- lands, there is no fresh water other than rain. The rain water is pure since the atmosphere is unusually clean. Every dwelling house and hotel is obliged to have its own storage tank to catch the rain as it runs off the roof. The tank is

made of native limestone. sunk in-

to the ground by the side of the house to which it is connected by a pipe from the roof. For cleanli- mess it is compulsory to w-hite-wash the roof of the house at least twice

a year. The government provides goldfish for all water tanks so that

they shall not serve as breeding places for mosquitoes. The fish keep the water clean of mosquito larvae. The tanks are generally be- tween 8 and 10 feet deep wiih small openings in the top covered by a lid.

The houses and other buildings are also built of limestone. This limestone is of great value to Ber- muda. Few factories are allowed on the islands. Until 1939, there were no automobiles, street-cars, or motorcycles.

GEOMETRY (COMPLETION TEST)

index of any triangle ymeet at a . . 14. In congruent tri- angles corresponding angles are

oppcslteequal aides and correspond- ing sides are-. 15-The three state- ments of a ayllogiern are called -. -. and -. 10. 'I1he sum of ilhe

ainglesof a triangle is -. 17. An

angle which equals its comple- ment is an angle of - degrees.

18. if an angle equals twice iia su,plemen1, the angle equals -- de- grees. 10. A series of atatemenfa leading to a conclusion is called the -- of a theorem. 20. A theorem -is not fully proved until we show that it is -. Master one thing. and you'll find it helps you to master other things in their turn.

JOHANNES BRAIIMS

genius. He later wrote three niiher symphonies. Among his better- 'known compositions are his "Tra- gic Overture". his ”German Re- quiem," two conccrtos for piano and one for violin. tries, and other music.

Brahms's music. distinctive though it 15. harks back to the school of Bach and Beethoven. He admired Richard Wagner. yet refused to be influenced by hisi modernism. Knowing the special province of every instrument in the orchestra, he devoted himself with scholar- ly care to building a perfect struc- lure of pure music. music for its own sake.

"ln Bach we hear the organ, in Beeihoven the orchestra. but in Brahma we hear boiih." Braiiiiits ifirat symphony is sometimes cali- ed. playfully. but in high admir- ation. the "Tenth" -- meaning that

Brahms began where Beethoven wtli.-h his ninth S, ”ony had left- o f '

He lived modestly. leading a quiet. tranquil life, and even refus- ed to leave his beloved Vienna to receive an honorary degree con- darted upon him in England. DJ.

THE onnar CANYON

Coronado. while searching for the Seven cities of Cibola. heard about the .gi-eat rivet Colorado from the Indiana.

Silica the canyon in so deep, then la a great variety of climates; than are alao many different kinds of animal: and plants. There are many flowers, more than so kind: of munmala. and 181 kinds of bird! in. lie park. At the level of on river cacti grow. wall. at an Nortii Rim fir and blue cpl-uoa itreeb-thrive.

The canyon arm'Ide'La national pg gnmoga. latte:-;h now may a a. -rand an nliodgeou the North film during the surn-

Agalnst onehwill awed a bad fake 0

la. .. : n which stood a tray of drlnka-gin. soda, Iimejuice. whisky. Beneath it was a pile of much thumbed pap- er-backed novels. one whole corn- er; was taken up by a tiled Russian stove. The lighting was provided by oil lamps with garish Japanese shades-relics of a leave. spent shootingin Formosa. On the walls hung two good etchings of Balls- bury, half a dozen Chinese scrolls. and a couple of rusty foils.