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LEVIS PO.

SOIITIIPIIRT SBIIOIIL IIISTIIIDT

All School taxes in orreers in louthport School District must be paid on or before June 5th nr will be handed in to Clerk of tho Court for collection.

By Order of Trusiiba.

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THE GUARDIAN.

__g1rAnLo'rrETowN

THE E0 UCA TIONAL HORIZON

AND VIEWS OF ‘INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

I appreciate the opportunity granted me by Mr. MacFadyen of addressing this brief message lo the teachers and to others interest- ed in our schools.

May 1 first of all commend the Federation and the individual teachers who have continued to support Educational Horizons. 1t is difficult for a Lmall province like ours to publish its own Educational magssine. An effort oi’ this kind then, while admittedly but s sec- ond belt. is one that should be sup- ported by all teachers.

It is not easy to choose among the many topics that come to mind as the activities of the school year draw to a close. We shall mention Just one or two that concern all teachers.

The first is the grading of pup- ils. Personally. I believe that where- ever possible the one who teaches should measure the results of teaching. There are so many fac- tors entering into the progress of pupils that no examination paper can ever measure. Teachers, then have s heavy responsibility, but at the same time a rare privilege in this part of their work. One of the weaknesses revealed in the upper grade work is a tendency to hurry the pupils through early

The sun's rays are constant. The

SOLAR

Time varies four minutes for each degree of longitude. making one hour for every fifteen degrees. This is because it. takes four min- utes for the earth to turn enough for the vertical rays of the aun to sweep over one degree of longitude.

This u often referred to as the Sunday-Monday line and fellows appaoxim tsly the 180th. meridian, on opposite sides of which the rec- koning of the date differs by one day. As one travels from west to east. standard time advances one hour for each l5 degrees; that ls. each twenty-fourth of a. circle of longitude about the earth. In pass- ing completely around the earth. therefore, one gains twenty-four hours. or one complete day. As one travels from east to west it is necessary to set one's watch back one hour for each 1e degrees of longitude. In pas-sing completely a- round the earth one’a watch would lose twenty four hours. Of course. repeating a day or losing one is

The sun's inﬂuences on the earth are numerous. It radiates lisht. which with the rotation of the earth on its axis causes day and night. and heat. which with the revolution of the earth around the sun and the inclination of the earth's axis causes the various sea- sons. The most light and heat wme from the direct rays of the sun.

Light: The earth being round the rays of the sun can reach only half of the earth's surface at one time. They extend to the north gnd south poles equally only twice during the year, on September 2i and March 21st, at which the ver- tical rays of the sun fall directly on the equator. Although the earth retains its own (slant of 23 1-2 de- grees. its angle in relation to the gm changes gradually as it con- tinues to turn on its axis and rc- volve around the sun. From Sep- tember 2i. to December 21 the suns

l rays gradually extend a few de-

DAILY

CROSS DOWN

4.-<-~

WORD

A MESSAGE FOR THE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION

grades. The Programme of Stssdiea is so arranged that for the great majority 'of pupils a full year should be taken for a grade. A iew only can successfully and complete- ly master more than one grade a year. No pupil should ever skip a grade. As sure as he does. just as sure. will the lack oi that part of the work haunt. him throughout the succeeding grades. and indeed after he leaves school. Teachers — please grade your pupils carerully. Parents -please do not urge rapid grading as far as your children are concerned. It is no kindness to grade a. pupil before he is ready.

One other point I shall mention, and that very brieﬂy. Are you rc- maining in your present school for another year? For the current school year fifty-seven percent of our teachers are 1n their schools for "the first time. These are Just now coming to know their pupils and the parents of pupils. Must they start out all over again next year? How much more efficiently they could work with those same pupils and parents next year. Teachers — think carefully before moving along to a new school. Par- ents and trustees -- think careful- ly before allowing a good teacher to leave your district.

TIME

ing light and darkness. day and

rotation of the earth causes chang- night.

TIME

Thus when noon at all points on the Greenwich Meridian. it is four minutes past noon at a point 1 de- gree east of Greenwich. and four minutes before noon at all points on Meridian 1 degree west o! Greenwich.

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE

a matter of reckoning only. since it la impossible to repeat or omit days. When it is Sunday on the American side of the International Date Line it is Monday or one day ahead on the Asiatic side. The 180th meridian is chosen as the one at which this change of date should be made because it ls farthest from zero. or Greenwich, meridian, and because passing near the center of the Pacific Ocean, 1t avoids inhabit- ed lands. where it might cause ser- ious confusion. The date line de- parts from the 180th. meridian sufficiently to pass through Bering Strait. west. of the Aleutian Islands. and east of certain islands " near New Zeaiand.

INFLUENCE O-F THE SUN'S LIGHT AND HEAT

g-roee beyond the south pole and recede from the north pole until on December 21st. the rays extend 23 1-2 degrees beyond the south pole and fall to reach the North Pole by the same number of de- grees. At this time the portion sur- rounding the south pole, known as the Antarctic Circle. receives the sunlight and the Arctic Circle sur- rounding the north pole is without sunlight. December 21st. the earth ever moving the sun's rays begin

to leave the Antarctic Circle and, the Arctic ' circle and extend 23 1-2 degrees; beyond the North Pole. Now the

simultaneously enter

south pale is in darkness and the

north pole receives sunlight. This’ explains the six month day and_ night in the north and south poles. ;

A very simple demonstration ls possible for one‘: better under- standing. Place a light a few feet from the globe. Keep the axis at a fixed angle of 23 1-2 degrees and

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move it around the light. The rays will cover only half of the globe at once so when the light shines directly on the equator both the northern and southern hemisphere receive light, -and day and night are of equal length all over the world. When the light shines di- rectly on the line marking the Tropic of Cancer (23 1-2 degrees north of the equator) the south pole is in darkness and the entire Arctic Circle receives the rays. At this time day and night are equal

Tides. the alternate rising and falling of the water in the oceans, are caused by the differential at- tractions of the Sun and Moon. The Moon. because of its ncarness to the Earth. has an attractive in- fluence about 2 1-2 times as great as that of the sun. The tide rises, the flood tide. and then fails. ebb tide. twice in each lunar day (24 hours and 52 minutes.)

The water directly, under the Moon's path is pulled out toward it and the tide ls high. Simultan- eously. on the opposite side of the earth a similar action is. taxing place, the attraction being weak- ened somewhat by passing through the earth. The waters situated be- tween these two are correspond- ingly lowered. Tidal ‘waves travel across the ocean as the earth ro-

SOME SUGGESTED TOPICS

1. My favourite book. 2. Kins Winter Scares us. s. Myself in 1900. 4. Why I am glad t.o be a Ca- ,nadlan. .

5. Changing Fashio .

6. A view from an upper win- dow.

7. Sleeping outdoors. ..

8. A Picnic in October.

9. Rain! Rain! Raini

10. A mistake in the telegram.

Plants reproduce themselves in various ways 1. 1. by production of seed. e. g.

wheat, clover, turnips.

2. by tubers, which are really modified stems, as the Irish Pots- to and Dahlia.‘ '

f. by bulbs. as tulips and omens.

4. by rhizomes or root stocks, as couch grass. Iris.

on the equator. night is shorter than day in the northern hemis- phere, and longer than day in the southern hemisphere. When the light shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn (23 1-2 degrees south of the equator). The north pole 1s in darkness and the Antarctic Cir- cle reoelves the sunlight. Then the days and nights are of equal lengths at the equator; days arr shorter than nights in the northerr hemisphere, and longer than nigh:

in the southern hemisphere.

TlDES

tales on its aids. one directly ur. dcr the moon. the other dlrectl; opposite. on the other side of the earth. When they reach laud. these tidal waves pile up on the shore, producing high tide; later ebbing out to low tlde as the attractive influence of the Moon diminishes.

T-he effect of the Sun's attrac- tion only about 2-5 of that of the moon, is to increase or diminish the tides caused by the moon. At new Moon and full Moon the Sun and moors are more directly in line with the Earth and their combin- ed attrections cause an unusually high tide. called spring tide. At first and last quarter, the attrac- tion of one is counteracted by that of the other, the resulting tides are lower than usual and are called neap tides.

FOR COMPOSITION WORK

11. Interviewing a grouch.

12. A day at school.

13. rho prise I did not win.

l4. Making a dime go a long way.

l5. Five members of the family discussing what kind of a dog they will get.

1e. My first horseback ride.

17. Almost a tragedy.

18. A book I have read.

18. Our King and Queen.

20. A journey I should like to take.

PROPAGATION OF PLANTS

'1. by spores. as ferns and mosses.

Artificial propagation may be ef- fected by grafting and layering. Layering is a method oi.’ obtaining new plants by covering shoots or limbs with soil while still attached to the parent plant. When roots have formed and the young plants can sustain themselves the shoots are separated from the parent

ii. by runners. as strawberries. 6. by suckers and root sprouts, e. g. raspberries.

If you are a rural teacher. do your pupils get a chance to wash their hands before eating lunch? Here is one method by which this may be done. You will need a piece cf ollcloth. a wash basin. a bucket, and. of course soap and water. At the Red Cross meet- ing have one pupil appointed to look after this work, and then let the pupils proceed as follows;

Place on the oilcloth on the front desk, the basin of warm wat- er and the soap. 0n the floor at one side of the desk. put the buc- ket. Bel-rind this bucket is where the pupll-in-ohsrge will stand. The other pupils line up according to their ranks in class. The leading pupil dips his hands into the wat- er, takes a rub of soap. passes it to the next pupil who has by new dipped his hands into the water and goes around the desk. all the while making a lather with the

plant. Roses are often propagated by layering.

HELP FOR THE RURAL TEACH-ER

By this time the other pupils in line have followed his example. Pupil No .1 stops before the buc- ket, and the one in charge pours some water from the basin on his hands. (The water has not be- come dirty by the pupils merely dipping their hands.) The others follow in rank. and the pupil look- ing after this work pours water over their hands. taking care to save some of the water for himself. The pupils go to the rack-and get paper towels. or li this ls not pos- sible. each one carries his own towel on his shoulder, while the washing is in prosress. (Continued next Saturday) This Department fa eon- ducted by the Prince Edward

Island Teachers‘ Federation- Contributions are welcomed and should drewed to

M ling St. Charlottetown

soaphe has rubbed on his hands. , ' IIEPAIITMEIIT 0F EIIIIGATIDII

8U Invalid‘

following are to attend:

(b) or more beyond Grade 10.

the Department

will not be accepted for Sumner ‘regular teacher training classes in

Expert Workmonehlp

Melpeque Rd., Charlottetown

No tuition fee will be charged and loans may be who find difficulty in financing the course.

Application formb may be secured from the Department.

Teachers planning to take Refresher Courses iss Susnsn outside the Province and persons with one or more years of University work to their credit wishing to attend Summer School should consult

_"A LASTING MEMORIAL TO LOVED ONES" .

MAReLf .._------- mum

WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES

Successors To Chandler A leil

QCEIOOL

commencing on Italy 5th and continuing for five weeks a Summer gchool for teachers will be conducted at Prince of Wales College. The

(a) ‘Teachers who were in attendance last summa- and who have ' completed the prescribed Reading Course.

Persons with teaching experience who academic qualifications for license namely one successful year

have the necessary

Schools

. Persona with First or Second Year standing from Prince of Wales College or with Grade XI standing and without teaching experience

School. They should enter the the College in September.

ﬁé

Distinctive Designs

Phone 2594

nged for those '

lottetown in honour cl His Majesty's birthdq ern themselves accordingly.

. ' _ v Monday Holiday a 1 Th‘ “"9" BI"I‘I"I"Y. o statutory holiday will be celebrated this year on

Monday, June 7th

It is hereby proclaimed that the said day will be a public holiday in Chm. y, and citizens are requested to gov-

Signed on behalf of His Worship the Mayor and Councillors.

JAMES FULLERTON,

r PAGE sever; _‘

cm-u l...

ASTHMA

Over 80,000 bottles of “Davis Asthma Remedy No. 7895" have been sold, to relieve the frequency and severity of Bronclal Asthmatic

attacks. Many testimonials. Why not try it todey—3 weeks’ supply (84 doses) for $3.00 at Reddin Bron, and ' " Pharmacy, Charlottetown; Semplda, Ken- alngton. S.

I CANADA

PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1N ‘HIE PROBATE COURT The 31st day of May, A. D. 1M8

In Be Estate of REGINALD B. MACNEILL, late of Charlottetown. in Quena County in the said Prov- ince, Manager of Fisherman's Can. tral Cu , "n. Association. dc- cessed, intestate.

To the Sheriff of the County of Queens County or any Constable or literate person within said County.

GREETING:

WHEREAS upon reading the petition on ﬂlc of Ruper- H. Mac- Nelil of 0’Lcary in Prince County in the said Province, University Student, the Administrator of tho above named Estate, praying that a citation may be issued for tho purpose hereinafter set forth: You are therefore hereby required to cite all persons interested in the said Estate to be and appear before- the Judge present at s. Probate Court to be held in the Court ilouse in (farlottetcwn in Queens County, in the said Province on Monday, the twelfth day of July next com- ing, at the hour of eleven o'clock forenoon of the same day to shew cause if any they can why the Ac- counts of the said Estate should not be passed and the ESstate closed as prayed for In said petition and on motion of George M. Matthews, Esq" Proctor for said Petitioner. And it is hereby ordered that a true copy hereof be forthwith pub- lished in some newspaper publish- ed in Charlottetown aforesaid once in each week for at least four con- secutive wecka from the date here- of and that at rue copy hereof be forthwith posted in the following public places respectively, asasnelv In the hall of the Court House In Charlottetown aforesaid. at or near the 0’Lcary Public Mall in 0’Learv aforesaid, and in the hall of the Court House In Summerllsle in Prince County aforesaid. so that all persona Interested in the said Estate as aforesaid may have due notice thereof.

WITNESS His Honour Harold Leonard Palmer. Judge of the said Probate Court at. Charlottetown in Queen's County, the day and year first above written.

By the Court. (SGD) E. MARGARET PALMER. Registrar . (L S.)

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ANNOUNCEMENT

The Yormouth Building and Loan Society en- aounces the appointment of W. K. ROGERS AGENCIES

of Charlottetown oa Provincial Agents.

This “old, established Prince Edward Island flrrn

ls new prepared to enter into Icons’ for the financing I

oi building new city and suburban homes, for re-

modelling old ones or for arranging commercial build-

l Visit the W. K. ROGERS AGENCIES for c friendly

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