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In the Quebec wilderness, thesnel who operate its radar station
RCAF has constructed a eom- 24 hours every day. pleta town to house to parson- facilities are provided,
LAURENTIAN
RCAF Radar Slaiion Keeps Endless Watch In North
- IY RLPII IICKLIN TEE THOMSON NEWSPPERS
SOMEWHERE IN QUEBEC-A complete RCAF station has been built hare on the side of a lake in Liurontian Mountains for one pur- pose - to watch bright yellow dots etched on the blackness of a radar screen.
Each yellow dot. or blip, repro- omts an aircraft in the section of sky swept by a radar antenna. perohed high on he mountain-top that dominates the station. so long an the radar controller can any of any blip, that is a friendly air- craft, headed for so-and-so." no problem exists.
When. however. use blip repre- sents an airborne object that han to be labeled unknown." to en- tire complex system that H Air Defence Command. goes into act- ion
There is no true war, we are
told. But Air Defence Command I ognlzes only the fact that un- -known aircraft may be the begin- ning of air invasion. Therefore un- known airplanes must either be identified -- or destroyed
This RCAF radar station is n Ground Control Interceptor Cen- tre, whose sole object is to sur- vey the skies in its district, and report findings. Relevant informat- ion gathered by its rachr control- lers is then passed on" to an Air Defence Control Centre. one of the main sectors in Canada's air defence mechanism.
CLEARING HOUSE
The ADCC is n clearing-house It the findings of several GCI's; it. in turn, winnows the informat- ion which pours in 24 hours a day. and passes on the relevant parts to Air Defence Command at St. llubert - the nerve centre for all of Canada from Vancouver is- land on the west to Newfoundland DI the east. .
liven there His drain does not stop. Air defence is conceived in terms of die North American land mass. not an terms of the United lfatos and Canada. Therefore. hu- portant news of aircraft movement h the area is transmitted to Colo-
do Springs. Colo, where the F, maintains its air defence headquarters. The entire hens- hlnion. from his secret ssdur base to Colorado springs. is oom- plletod hi a matter of minutes.
By one of the paredones Int to exists at It. lubert one IICAF comsnandntsuielapnfsm oilsratihtsststlomltlsnotonly i.GCI; it i also the headquntats i an ADCC Consequently, aosnmanding oilcsr of the ADCC receives constant reports tr-om Silt across the hal, as well as him other acr. flung mronmoii in sector.
Jfocalpolatefhestatioaisle Iadsr building - a windowless. . to concrete building topped by ' domes. set on the highest point in the area. The domes are pressurised rubber balloons which
the radar antennae from stbather without stopping radar waves, as metal would do.
Entry to the building 5 gained
, one door only - sninned hours a day by security police. aryone. from commanding offic-
I' to visitor. must register and g e an Identiflcationhadse as
eutersi , y
Within the radar building. both of the station's commands hold sway. Wing Conisnandir J. D. Mitchnsr , f the odor stat-
Is; and his superior. mop Cap- . I. 7. Duck" Mcltnk ad- tha nits sector from -in CO. Inc hniiding. -l,'s.As d at Dshse Command, nl
hare cute v as to V twzh we satire U.- -sdsaro nilss of he sector.
3
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All modern
Each c ' s s tactical board - a large horizontal map of the area involved.
In the local operations room. airmen and nirwomen receive re- ports on the movement of aircraft in the area, reports from the ra- dar scanners above their heads or from ground observers. On the tactical board they place plaques representing each aircraft. Each plnqub displays relevant informat- ion - umber of aircraft. height, speed. whether friendly. unknown or hostile. Airmen equipped witil head-sets move around the board. like crouplere at a roulette table, moving the plaques as they re- ceive new information.
In another operations room. AD CC monitors the whole sector. its tactical board is a clean" one. as opposed to the dirty" board of the GCI. that is, all 6Cl's within the sector winnow out the irrele- vant. and pass on only informat- ion that may prove vital.
ADCC in turn forwards its find- ings to Air Defence Command at St. l-Iubert for co-ordination with that from other ADCC's on the tactical hoards representing all of Canada.
So while this radar base scans eastern skies, another similar sta- tion is doing the same for the West. If an unknown aircraft ap- pears north of Moose Jaw, its pre- sence is immediately known. and transmitted to St. Hubert within at seconds.
What is the relevant informat- ion that Alr Defence Command wants? Above all. it concerns un- known aircraft. If ADCC. within two minutes, cannot get an iden- tlfioation of an unknown craft. it must scramble a CF-100 from one of the fighter stations under its authority to effect a visual iden- tification. Friendly or hostile. the object must be identified. If it proves hostile. Air Defence Com- mand moves into its final operat- ion -- destruction.
READY
So for. destruction has not been necessary. But no member of Air Defence Command doubts that the authority would be given to loose the CF-l00's shattering rocket power against an an-craft known to be hostile. To keep fighter pilots at hour-a-day, vigil, constant exercis- as are carried on. In a typical operation. RCAF craft - or some- tirnas bombers of the USAF - ara sent north to simulate an ene-
the my bombing force. They appear
immedhieiy on the tactical boards of GO! and ADCC. Then CF-100's are scrambled from the fighter stations of the sector. to htercept and d the enemy.
Each -ill), as it takes off. is placed under the riders of a controlling officer hr the radar tower. 'l'he controller, peering at the blips on a radarscope, guides the fighter pilot by radio towards an assigned bomber target. so that they wil meet with the CF-100's rocket hr:-age hearing full on the
enemy.
Meaawhle m Ire tactical boards. plaques of enemy and fighter are moved to give a vi- sual, image of die tactical situat- ion. Seconds lntei'.'the Air Officer Comgnanding in st. Hubert can look at his tactical" hoard. realise
that IIOWIIE IIAVIKIYI
lumromm '
-ounuzdaraaei IlO"all...p-mam "NH-no-suunnw I
performance peak during their 24- p
. I , comfortable homes for person- nel who have children. The view;
including above, takeni. from the radarldnr station,
their rockets. llloweve . mechanic- 'al or human breakdown ensure that all will not be successful. But one thing is certain. There is at here an air of urgency that pervades the entire Air 9 f Command. Everyone, from G. C. McNalr to the aceydeucey watch- ing n radarscope for hours every day, feels the importance of what he's doing.
Upon the very young, tremen- dous responsibility is thrown. A 19-year-old LAC, monitoring a rs- dar scope. may stop to yawn, and mix one of those bright yellow blips. Au ii-Bomb might conceiv- ably hlt Montreal minutes later because of that yawn and missed blip. It is through the forcefulness of G. C. McNair and W. C. Mitchner that this sort of error doesn't happen. That. however. does not mean that the L anding of- ficer of the sector is satisfied with air defence as it stands. On the contrary.
G.C. McNair, at 3'1. is one of the most dynamic and outspoken nfficers of the RCAF. with :- distiuguished wartime and peace- time record. he knows what he's talking about. And he has the kind of powerful. daring personality that makes his opinion felt.
Air defence as it stands has made terrific progress in a short number of years. he agrees. But in his opinion. it could be better.
In exercises, we're not 100 per
cent effective." he said. Add the conditions of actual combat, with personnel who are not old enough to have been combat-trained, and there's no telling what the result would be." But adequate or not. Air Defen- ce Command is geared to malt! the most of its present strength. At radar stations where vigilance is of the essence, it faces one of the worst enemies - boredom- Watching, at best. is not exciting watching around the clock can be destructive to morale.
To combat ennui. the .IlCAF has provided, at this mountain retreat. a model station. Seen from the bumpy. twisting road which is its only approach, it looks more like a lakeside summer resort than a military post. Onlv the mosque-
building. shows the summer-re- sort appearance of this vital as-
1 mand knows better. The'millions of dollars that are being poured into this and similar projects are not wanted. Without them. the chances are pretty good that there might be. in the foreseeable future. neither rsdarscopes nor dollars left in-Canada.
Nor does Air Defence Command through stations like this moun- tain base, protect only the heavi. ly populated heartland of Canada. The people of Kamloops and Rose- town and Fredericton and Dlgby can be just as sure that if the bombers appear over the North
nuwys AIl:o 169
JERUSALEM (AP) - hr-cl. 1- again studying plans for hulldml I canal from the Mediterranean in the Gulf of Aquabs. But the engineer... problems make in!-
hleastartsoononsclnll which could ultimately compel! with Ines. ,
The authors of the various Pllnl are understood to II!" Will u” most feasible scheme would be I water highway mrtins Wm 3'' north of the northerngtli! oi the Egyptian-held Gaza strlv. It would run to Ellat, the new lsraeli post opposite the Jordan - held and British protected town of Minibi-
Such a canal could not run in I straight line. With unavoidable de- tours caused by the lush m0l11l' tain chain crossing the Negeb hllgdal-Ashkelou, about nine miles desert, it would probaigly 50.235 miles long. The Suez is a little over I00 miles.
MOUNTAINS RAISE PROBLEM
The highest peak of the NEEEII chain in 3.000 feet. It is assumed that an Ellat canal would have to be raised some 1,500 feet. This would need a system of 40 locks. This compares with threedouble sets of locks for the 50-mile-ions Panama Canal which rises some 78 feet above sea level and the lea-level Suez which has no locks.
Another difficulty is that there In no natural water reservoir in the Negeb as the Panama Canal has. in Galun Lake. This means watlar would have to be pumped '3.-
Four or llve blueprints are un- derstood to have been submitted for a waterway snowing passage of ships at least of the same size as those now using the Sues Canal. Sailing time through the Ellat canal with stops at locltn would be about 65 hours against the 10 to 12 hours for the Suez Canal.
The enormous financial invest- ment needed. maintenance costs and the relatively long travel time
Pole. the screen of Air Defence Command will be protecting them.
may make the scheme economic ally impractical. at least for the
By DAVID Cl-IIPP
LANCHOW. Northwest China (Reuters)-China is opening up her northwest territories with the speed and planning of a military operation and much of the fervor of a crusade.
After a two-week trip covering more than 3,000 miles in Kansu and Singkiang provinces the main impressions gained are of the im- portance being placed by the Chinese government in this area which is rich in minerals. Great advances already have been made.
Throughout the region. which stretches up to the Soviet border. the direct control of the central government on development plans and on political life is everywhere apparent. There are Russian ad- visers and experts and plenty of Russian machinery, but no more than in other parts of China.
It is rapidly becoming a land for young people and thousands are moving westward daily for construction work on olllields.
roads and railroads and for build- ing new towns and factories. MASS MIGRATION
It is a movement that may develop into the largest mggg migration in history. as China fills up this sparsely populated border land of desert: and moun- tains under plans to turn it into one of its most important econ- omic areas.
Wages are much higher than in Mlle? Parts of China, some work- ers gettlng almost double what they would get elsewhere.
In Lanchow. a railroad junction which serves as a base for the whole northwest. there are acres of construction materials ranging from wicker baskets and shovels for earth-moving gangs so all
like radar building spoils the im-
ression. FACILITIES
Although an urban centre is only an hour and a half away. most of the personnel find on the station all the facilities they need. Movie theatre, grocery store, barber shop. It; ' ecreat- ion hall - these and other ameni- ties make living pleasant.
Comfortable detached houses are provided for officers and oth- er rsnks who have families. Mod- ern acomsnodation houses the single men. All ranks. including of- flcers, are fed from one kitchen; all praise the quality of the meals.
Only one thing is lacking to make the station complete - a school. Children have to be trans- ported from the station to a near- by village for their education.
All this may seem a bit excu- sive, just to watch spots on a ra- dnrscope, but Air P ' Coni-
drilling machinery.
The roads from In prennt rsllhead at Yuman, some so miles to the northwest, to the new OIIIIOICI II the ' ” hula m
I
China Opening Up Hugo Territories In Northwest
Chiughai province (bordering on Tibet) and in North Slngklau (bordering on the Soviet Union) are continually busy with streams of heavily laden trucks.
The speed of construction leaves behind It an impression of untidiness and at times incom-
leteness. Some of the work is slapdash.
SOMETIMES CLEVIII.
Paradoxically, there are at times feats of clever lmprovlu. tion and enginee in; skill while at others a lack of initiative and foresight is apparent.
If there is forced labor, than it is nowhere apparent either in the attitude of the wor ers or in the pace at which the work.
Once in Urumchi (300 mil" south of the Soviet border) I came upon. by chance, I group of men (later I was told that they were P01"-I031 lltlsonsrs and crim- inals) belng marched back after Wmhletiug work for the day on a construction site.
Electric
- Autharisd .
Ilonsehold Appliganass Television DIAL 4021 I56 Great Geo. Ii.
M. v. FERGUS
M. V. Fergus wli load general cargo, at Sum- merside, on Friday, August 17th, and at Chgrlotu. town on Saturday, August 18th.
For space reservations and freight rates. apply
MacFarlane Produce iCo.,
Summer-side, or New-- .
foundiand Iorvios. Dial 8737, Charlottetown.
Page12.'I'hoGnnrdan'
Report Israel Studying Plans For Huge Rival Suez Canal.
Suggest Britain Invest Mofa
In Commonwealth
LONDON tlteuiersl - Britain must Invest more in the Common- wealth it she wants to encourage emigration to its mgmh" mun.
world War Canada has' enough British maintain the existing proportion .1 her population who are of British origin, the board says.
"On present trends, the percgm. age of British stocks In Canada will have fallen from 47 per cent l-Oinpercenttrytheendofthis century.
"This trend we believe to be un- welcome to Canada. which un- doubtedly secs advantages in a proportionate intake from Britain on account of the closl. ties of history and outlook which bind the two countries. and because of the ease with which United King- dom cltisens can he assimilated into Csnadian life."
The board estimates that to pre- serve the existing racial propor- tion" an intake from Britain of IO per cent of Canada's total number of immigrdants would have to be
CAVE MAN The Neanderthal man in eon- sidered to have hem a branch of mankind that was not in the di- rect line of human descent.
IBM ISLIRIS-IIAIIIIIIII FERRY SERVICE A
June it to Sept. 1.
Daily from ends terminal: 1 a.nr.. I a.rn.. ii. a.ni.. 1 p.m., : p.ni.. 5 pm. STANDARD TIME
for daily report dial CFC! on first it broadcast.
Catch an early crossing and avoid delay.
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NORTHUMBERLAND FERRIES
LIMITED lottetowll. P. E. Island
Plolioin In New England
(AP)- The six New - where I were dud and 1.01 stricken by polio this time last year--Wadnsr had reported a IE6 total of ill ceses..'rhsro were no reported. Ive new cases were re- in the six-stats area Wed-
ISI outbreak was the worst
aw England's medical his-
In Massachusetts alone i.-
eaus of polio had been re- this ttrn
rtad at e. Dr. Roy F. Foernster. director the state health department's vision of communicable disenscs said such a decline was "normal for an area which had ri- lenced an epidemic during the cedtng' year.
As yet, Dr. Feemster said, there can be no conjecture on the ef- fects of the state's Salk vaccine inoculation program, initiated last year.
5 2
es. sE5':.E..EEggggs-.
IBITANNIA runs UI
sax nmoo. Calif (AP)-'I'he'
HI!-LSDALI. Ont. (OP) bar
camp.
The program, called a reclnml tion of wayward lives and land. is one of several plans by the On-
rrl i c Works Well In
larytl
t
, Oh
g. "'5?
.5
tenslve survey of Ontario's 1...; to find where reforestation an other work was needed.
Small test groups were sent out lastyurtoseeifthucouldde the work.
On the project here a commit. tee from the townships of Tiny, Tay and Modonta and s servic. club tried to offer a 100-acre
tario department of reform institu- tions to use trusted prisoners for useful and practical work.
plot 0 land for a large-scale ex. periment.
world's largest commercial trans- port airplane, the British - built Bristol Britannia, landed here Tuesday. completing a non -. stop night from New York The plane, powered by four tlirbo-prop en- gines developing 4.11) horsepower apiece, made the trip in eight hours It is believed the Britannia was the first British airplane to make a non-stop flight across the United States
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