= in P.E.1. $9.09 per ; - rm inves and United States $12.00 per annum ee =
—--——
“The strongest memory is weaker. than ' the weakest link.”
Civic Affairs -
The City Council reports, presented
py the Mayor and various committee
chairmen at last night’s annual Coun-
il meeting, are exceptionally full and |
prehensive and reflect credit up- ‘on all concerned. They are particu- larly interesting as reflecting the marked expansion which has taken place in civic boundaries and popula- tion- during 1958, due chiefly to the amalgamation of the adjacent village of Spring Park with the City,
and the greater opportunities as_
‘well as problems which this move in-
‘volves.
_The 1958 ordinary operations of the Council produced a surplus of $41,577, accountable chiefly by the inew Ward 6 tax revenue and various committee savings. The debt, before deducting provincial and federal ac-
_ counts receivable, showed an increase
during the year of $436,551 resulting, from capital expenditures, which brings the total net debt of the City, as of December 31, to $4,378,006. While of course there are counter- balancing , which have been increased during the year, this debt is a heavy burden for a municipality the size of Charlottetown.
’ We note that no attempt has been made by the finance chairman, Coun. Gaudet, to minimize the seriousness of this fact-in his admirable report. He points out that such expenditures
‘as sinking funds, interest, and edu-
cation—over which the Council has no control—took more than 57 per cent of the civic tax dollar last year, and this percentage will likely show a further increase in 1959. In the
circumstances, and having regard to”!
continuing commitments for expendi
‘tures in Wards 5 and 6 for essential
services, it should appear obvious that in the years immediately ahead, there will be little money available for other major projects.
The Council members appear to
_ have worked harmoniously as well as
conscientiously during the year. In eongratulating them Mayor Johnstone noted that they had at all times fol- lowed a policy of sound financing, kept a sharp eye on expenditures, worked hard to increase revenues,
. and kept within their budget. We be-
¥inee,. Federal
lieve that they have set a good ex- ample in this respect, and that their administration yill compare favor-
_ ably with other civic administrations
across the country. It is to be hoped that they will bear in mind the need of reducing, if at all possible, the present onerous debt charges during the coming months. There should be improvement shown in this regard, as overdue payments from the Pro- Government and C.N.R. totalling $162,221 wil! in reality reduce last year’s debt in- crease to $274,329. Aas ‘ A Retrospective Look Why did the Western Allies to- ward the end of the war agree to
_the isolation of Berlin as an island
in Soviet-controlled East Germany?
| Anyone, looking .at a_map, would
say that it did not make’¥ense, that it was certain to teatto trouble with the Russians later on. It must be remembered, of course, that, at the time, the United States, Britain and France were so anxious to terminate the war that they felt obliged to agree to almost anything that would help to keep the Russians from withdrawing their ‘forces. This had been feared
in some allied circles. They were so
concerned with military - matters
' that they neglected important poli-
tical ones. They made a big mistake, for one thing, in allowing the Rus. sian armies to take Berlin. This was done on the assumption that it would be easier for the Russians to get there first. Actually, as it turned out, the Western advance had to be halted in order to allow the Rus- gians time to move afead. “.
The politicians, ‘former Prime Minister Churchill and former Presi- dent Truman, seem disposed to blame the military chiefs, led by General Eisenhower, for much of
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 28, 1959.
nized at Washington.
occupation areas.”
In his “History of the Second |.
-World War,” Churchill stated that General Eisenhower “gave little ‘thought to: post-war political prob- lems”. He, Churchill, had argued for capture of Austria and as much
as possible of Eastern Europe to-
prevent Russia from getting there first and setting up puppet regimes. Instead, Eisenhower gave orders to “move into Berlin on all fronts. In his Memoirs, Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery says that Eisenhower disregarded his advice fo make one powerful single trust at Berlin from the West, without considering the Russians at all.
Mr. Truman has stated that he made solemn agreements with the Russians, regarding Berlin and other political issues, ‘and inside of a year the damn Russians had broken 32 of their promises.”
It may look simple now; but at the time it could not have been easy for the politicians and the generals and Yheir technical advisers to bring military strategy and political ob- jectives into agreement and pacify the Russians at the same time. In any case,~they certainly made a mess of things.
EDITORIAL NOTES
The world tanker fleet has in— creased remarkably since the war and at the present time is about 50 million deadweight tons. More than one-quarter of all ‘merchant shipping now .afloat consists of tankers.
* * -*
A customs union between Can- ada and the West Indies has been suggested by Trinidad’s Minister of Industry and Commerce. There would seem. to be merit in the pro- posal. It is certainly worth con- sideration. r * * +
The trout-fishing season is now in full swing in Newfoundland. Fishing through the ice is the sport. Last year at this time, according to a St. John’s report, many anglers were casting flies across some of the rivers and streams.
* * a
European opinion is divided in estimating the significance of Mr. Mikoyan’s visit to the United States. Some officials see in it the beginning of another “Munich.” Others think that the Russian leader did not get all he hoped for. A Yugoslav offi- cial probably summed it up pro- perly by saying “we must wait and see.”
* * *
If it doesn’t watch its step, the Buffalo Evening News is likely to, be accused of “un-Americanism.” In a recent issue it virtually sug- gested that the United States turn over the “trailing edge of Alaska”— presumably, that part of the State that juts into Canadian territory—~ to Canada, which could make good
use of it.
o ~ * a
Less than a week after the down- fall of the Batista government in Cuba, the United States announced recognition of the provisional govern- ment of President Manuel Urrutia. This realistic attitude is in marked contrast with its attitude toward the ‘effective government in China, which after a dozen years is still unrecog-
* .
The top three positions in the reorganized multi-million dollar Re- search Branch of the Canadian De- partment of. Agriculture have. been filled. The appointments are to take effect April 1 of this year. Dr. C. H. Goulden, currently director’ of the Experimental Farms Services, will become Assistant Deputy Minister (Research), assuming the position for which the late Dr. K. W. Neatby had been designated. Dr. Robert Glen, acting director of Science Ser- vice, will become director-general,
Research Branch. His assistant will +
be Dr. J. C. Woodward, now associate director of the Experimentdl Farnis
what happened; while the military | ‘Service
WINTER SCENE,
VICTORIA
* &
ae
PARK
This spring the North Atlantic Treaty Onganisation is celebrat- ing its tenth birthday. The South- East Asia Treaty was signed five years ago this September. The Baghdad Pact Council is about to meet in Karachi on January 26, some four years after it was first launched. The Secretary- General of SEATO, Nai Pote Sarasin of Thailand, is now con- cluding a world tour which has taken him to Baghdad Pact countries and to NATO H. Q. as well as to London, the capital of the one country which is a full member of all three collective defence pacts.
Amid all the comings and go- ings and the anniversary celebra- tions there will remain a good many questioning voices about ‘the value of these collective de- fence pacts. Above all we. shall hear the contention (sincere in some cases, inspired in others) that they are either unnecessary or ineffective or aggressive. It is worth therefore recalling the purposes fer which they were set up and trying to judge how far they have fulfilled them. BIRTH OF NATO
NATO was first in the field. It was precipitated by fears of po- tential Soviet aggression in Eur- ope and against the background of two main events - the Com- munist seizure of power in Czech- » oslovakia and the Soviet block- ade of Western Berlin. Czecho- slovakia had succumbed not to external aggression but to inter- nal subversion. But the fact that _the Red Army was of the bor- der while the Western forces in Europe were deplorably weak certainly influenced the outcome. With the Communist invasion of South Korea the threat of force behind these methods of subver- sion was put into practice.
‘
Undismayed by the abysmal failure that has attended previous campaigns of the kind, Mr. ak- er Roland Michener is bracing himself to enforce a ban on the practice of reading speeches in the House of Commons. a
The ban has not, as yet,- been imposed. But Mr. Michener has given notice of his intention and tas received assurances of Cco- operation from the Censervative, Liberal and CCF parties in this great new venture. And since there are no other Parliamentary parties to be heard from, that would seem to be that.
But it won't be.
For many, many decades, there has been widespread accept- ance in the Canadian Commons of the general principle that speeches are meant to be orated and not read. A Commons rule to that end is just about as old as Confederation itself.
Collective Defense Pacts
By Madrice Latey * United Kingdom Information Service
The Too-Common Be ader
Arthur Blakely In The Montreal Gazette
And notwithstanding the rule,
*)
Early
Did you know that in 1866 a steam-driven “horseless carri- age,” constructed by Father Bel- _ court, was chugging along the roads at Rustico? :
This primitive automobile was one of the first; if not the first, in America. A new age was com-. ing.
In the early years of the twen- tieth century, the car was con- sidered, by all sane and thought- ful Islanders, not only a nuisance, but also a menace to life_and property; for these contraptions- passing fads, surely-darting along ‘he roads at speeds of up to fif- teen miles per hour, created vast clouds of dust, terrified hor- ses, and threw old ladies into fits of nervous prostration.
Such cataclysmic eruptions to the quite dign.ty of the country- side could not be tolerated, and. as a consequence, the use of the machines was prohibited ty &
Automobiles
Island Historical Society
These examples of direct and indirect aggression gave an im- mense stimulus to the build-up of NATO. The military effective ness of NATO has never been put to the test and wé must hope that it never will. But its poli- tical effectiveness is indicated by the fact that there have been no more Czechoslovakias and that the Western Powers are in far better shape to meet any Sov.et threat in Berlin now than they were ten years ago. Further, the Soviet Government pays NATO the compliment of making the. disruption of the alliance the main aim of Russian policy.
The excuse*for this is of course the charge of aggressive inten- tions. But in fact the thorough- going interdependence of the NATO) forces is the best guaran- tee that they could only be used for defensive purposes.. :
NATO had the advantage of be- ing built on the foundation of | solid well established states which were fast recovering their prosperity as a result of the Mar- shall Plan. SEATO had no sucn advantage and it has therefore taken a different form. '
The treaty was signed after Communist aggression had been halted in ‘Korea but also after the Communists with support from China had gained control of North Viet Nam. The Pact comprised two newly independent Asian countries, Pakistan and the Philippines, and also Thai- land, abutting on the most rest- less area of South-East Asia. PURPOSE FOR SEATO
They were guaranteed support from the United States, Britain. France. Australia and New Zea- land. There are no joint forces under common command as in NATO There are, of course, guar-
aritees of mutual help against ag-
the Commons went out of its way on April 19,188*, to condemn speech-reading as an unattrac- tive practice that could have all’ sorts of dire consequences. It “destructive of legitimate and pertinent debate."” It pro- longed Parliamentary sessions. By adding to the sheer bulk of speeches and the cost of printing them, it threatened the very existence of Hansard. It wast-
ed Parliamentary time.
- And it encouraged a florid. dis- | cursive and diffuse debating style | that any self - respecting M.-P. | would be bound to regard as most unfortunate. i THAT WAS ALL!
Having adopted a _ resolution along these lines, with which to reinforce the genera] anti-reading rule, the House relaxed and) went on with ordinary business including, of course, the reading of speeches. i
And that’s the way it’s been all
wise and provident Secislattire in 1908. Some citizens, hoWvever, per- sisted in breaking the interdict by operating cars in by4anes at unholy hours, and the antipathy of the ‘farmers was gradually overcome by offers of free rid- es, and by the cry at picnics and fairs of “have your picture taken in a real, live automobile!"
After-a while permission was granted to drive cars on certain roads .n certain specified hours of certain days, by which means: it was possible for horses and old ladies to travel, abroad at | certain other times.
Then came War: and the cars drove everywhere and at al] hours to carry out, the mobiliza- tion. This f.mal straw broke the camel's back. Opposition gradual- ly subsided, and we forgot the car and its evils, to wranzle with equal fervour over the pro- hibition of alcoholic beverages
for a few years.
gression and there is military planning as well as joint exer- cises on land, at sea and in the air.
But the purpose of the treaty is not so much military as poli- tical - to create the framework of security within which the in- dependence of these Asian states can be secure and which will en- able them to develop economical- ly and socially. This is done by political co-operation and by ea- cqurag.ng economic development through other agencies, and also by consultation on means of combatting subversion rather than by military planning.
The Baghdad pact, like SEATO; aims above all at creating a framework of security and stabil- ity. among countries which feel themselves directly threatened by Communist expansion, behind which they can be helped to de- velop their standards of living. Indeed the economic side of the Pact has been given at least equal importance to the defen- sive side.
Both Turkey and Iran have since the war had experience of Soviet threats and attempts at expansion southwards. Iran has seen Soviet occupation of Azerbai- jan. Twice during the past two years Turkey has had experience of ostentatious Soviet military manoeuvres on her border and Iran is at present under heavy pressure to prevent her entering
into a_ defensive arrangement |
with the United States. _
-Some measure of the codfi- dence that the Pact has given these countries is that they have felt able to resist and even re- ject the Soviet pressure.
These collectwe defence ar- rangements which are provided for in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter are, in fact, the best guarantee against the kind of piecemeal destruction of state after state which led to World War Il and-are therefore, one of the main safeguards for peace.
down the years.
The most noteworthy attempt of recent years to eliminate gspeech-reading was that of for- mer Speaker Rene Beaudoin,
back in those happy days before’
the pipeline debate.
Mr. Beaudoim’s adroit and vi- gorous campaign won, as usual, wholehearted acceptance by the Commons of the desirability of the no-reading principle. But the
practice Well, that was some |
thing else again.
Mr. Beaudoin’s study of the practice of speechveading was carried on for so long, and with
so much industry. that he is)
rated as the modern authority on the practice.
Where most of his predeces- sors in office were content to lash out at speech-readers in general, Mr. Beaudoin admitted to being _able to detect four separate typ- es of readers.
BOLD AS BRASS
There were the bold-as-brass -eaders, who held text in hand and read every word amd line from: beginning to end.. without caring who witnessed the per- formance and recognized it for what it was.
There were also, Mr. Beaudoin found, the eagle-eyed readers who, enjoying excellent vision, left their texts face up on their desks and were yet able to read their way through while appear- ing to deliver an off\the-cuff speech.
Mr. Beaudoin was among the irst to recognize the size amd im- vortance of the “copious notes” group. of speech-readers. This iype painstakingly wrote out the speech in longhand on the backs of cigaret packages, old envelop- es, tattered newspaper pages,
nd the like in order to be able defy any challenger to prove the mess of scraps constit- in fact, a complete speech
5%
aE
2
With this- group. as Mr. Beau-.
doin reegnized, it was always difficult to determine where a lengthy ion from source ended and.’where the perpetra-
tor’s own speech actually began. | .
Pi ee ee ee ee ee ee ee. ee Pe ee See he eS See eT eo Te ee | ees
14
medication to combat colds is de-
fever symptoms, allergic reac- tions and pain which normally accompanies teething, inocula- tions and colds.
Called Corilin, it combines an antihistamine, an analgesic and an antipyretic agent. It is avail- able“only by prescription. 7 ANTI-ITCHING AGENT
itching agent. It is a first cousin to both the tranquilizers and
KR was tested clinically on 12, 000 patients with ‘“good’’ re- sults reported in 70 per cent of the cases. These cases ranged from severe itching associated with obstructive jaundice, Hodg- kin’s disease and leukemia, to the milder itching of chicken- pox, measles and surgical heal- ing.
It, also, is available only) through a doctor's prescription.
The chemotherapeutic agent Clorpactin XCB is reported to be valuable in a new technique im cancer surgery. HOW IT WORKS
The technique was devised by Dr. Harry: E. Bacon, chief of proctology at Temple University Hospital, to prevent the release of indjvidual cancer cells which are capable of»‘‘re-seeding them- selves m the place from which
Trimeprazine is the new anti-|,
Te ys Geers. /
The look at succession duties frequently concludes with the re- “mark that a tax - ridden Cana dian today, young or. old, just cannot afford to die—New Glas-
- Zow News
St. Helena, Napoleon's exile is- land ‘in the South, gets a large Part of its yearly revenue from the sale of postage stamps to collectors. Oddly, the tiny isle has no internal mail system.—Na- tional Geographic News
Panhandling is big business in both Canada and the Unites Stat- es. Police claim some of the more expert at begging make as much as $200 a day. They sell
or from door to door. The idea is the purchaser gives 50 cents or a dollar, asks for no change, and frequently does not bother to take the article he has just bought.—Windsor Star
A man walked into a New York coffee shop during a busy lunch hour rush, ordered ea cup of coffee, gniped it down, left 10 cents on the counter and walk- ed- out. Quickly the waitress scooped up the coin, put it in her pocket and turned to the next customer—only to catch the cold eye of the owner staring at her. She hestitated a moment, then Shook her head sadly. “What a screwball!’ she confided. ‘‘Leav- es a 10-cent tip—then walks out
the parent cancer was removed or by travelling through the bloodstream to some other part of the body. :
Dr. Bacon uses the Clorpactin XCB, which can kill cancer cells to wash the intestine prior to
. He maintains a _ pro ee eet a nn ibes in the patient’s intestine during the operation. Then, both dur- ing and after the surgery, he a- gain washes the body cavity with this protective agent. QUESTION AND ANSWER
Anxious: Has “‘neurotrasentin”’ a tranquilizer, any harmful eff- fect on the nervous system
Answer: Not in the proper dos- age when taken under properh supervision.
MAXIMS
The universe is true fer all of | us and different fer each of us.
OUR YESTERDAYS
(From The Guardian Files)
TWENTY—FIVE YEARS AGO (Jan. 28, 1934)
A delegation from the Charlot- tetown Board of Trade, consist- ing of Major T. E. MacNutt, pre sident, with Messers George Tweedy, S. A. MacDonald and A. L. Wright, waited on Mr. E. W. MacKinnon, superintendent of the Island Division, C. N. R., Saturday morning, in connection with improved train service op the Murray Harbour Branch.
Shortly before ten o'clock yes- terday morning the firemen were called to extinguish a fire in the car of Dr. V. L. Goodwill, in his garage on York Street. There was considerable damage to the..upholstering and also to the car before the fire was put out.
TEN YEARS AGOO (Jan. 28, 1949) , Mr. Wendall H. Beaton, auc-
tioneer, was elected councillor ;
for Ward Three in yesterday's by-
election to fill the vacancy cre-
ated by the recent death of coun-
cillor Sam Doyle. The polling re-
sults were, W. H. Beaton, 90; G.
R. Keefe, 73; and E. W. Hous- ton, 56.
without paying.” —. Automotive | Service Digest. | There have been eighty - five | unsolved murders in Ontario in the past twentythree years—se- venteen of them in Metropolitan Toronto — says Attorney - Gener- al Roberts. Twenty-three of the murders involved women but only two were sex crimes. The so-called “‘perfect crime’’ is con- sidered rare by readers of the whodunits, but it exists, and there must be some deaths clas- sified as accidental which in reality are planned killings.—Lon- don Free Press
most inexpensi. 2 salesman you can employ - - -
_ GUARDIAN - PATRIOT
WANT AD Phone 8506
CUDMORE'S DRY CLEANERS
120 Kent St. Phone 4322
pencils or novelties on the streets
““l Is its own ~
The ments that Mr. Diefenboker has _ returned to ‘a small sea of troubles’ after his Commca- wealh tour. He has, of course, the Lifebelt of the larges: maj ority in history.—Ottawa Journal The
hours increase rather than . Cold - may strengthen, . as the old saying goes, and snow may deepen and, .ce may thicken on pond and river, but sunset comes later, day by day. The long, cold nights are being nib bled =way.—New York Times
Within the next few. years, young men from Ceylon, Ghana, Malaya,- Nigeria and the Carib- bean region will be travelling to Oxford as Rhodes scholars. The Rhodes trustees have decided to establish scholarships for five new Commonwealth countries or regions. Now that the British Commonwealth has embarked on the unique exper:ment of a multi-
jon Commonwealth, the trus- tees believe that. Cecil Rhodes would -have wished his scholar- ships to make a contribution to the success of this great adven- ture among peoples.—Winnip e g Tribune
, cg Saul
BOYS TENDING FIRE
This hollow stump |
Is no longer empty
But hoards a heap of brightness:
A heated cry in the night
Beside a frozen pond.
Three boys become possessed
By an all - absorbing ritual:
Feeding flames,
Hovering at their warmth.
For what?
To get rid of wood?
To warm the zero weather? Themselves?
Celebrate an occasion? Mark this hour?’ 2 ‘
No.
An orange flourish against bleak-
est night, A heart of hotness in the cold
Reasonless sufficient reason.
—Carol Earle Chapin In the Christian Science Monitor
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The second in a series of lec- tures by staff officers, Head- quarters Eastern Command, Hali- fax, to officers, NCO’s and men of the Reserve Army was given last night at the Armouries. Ma- jor Paul Hart discussed supplies and Major James MacLaughlin discussed administration. The opening lectures were given by Majer Don Forbes and Lt. Col. G. G. K. Peake.
The Age Old Story
While they beheld. He was taken up, and a cloud received Him, ont of their sight.
AIM FOR INTEGRATION
NEW YORK (‘AP)—The pres-
Services will be conducted store - front chapels and living rooms. The object is to achieve complete racial and cultural inte- gration of the presbytery’s 62 Presbyterian churches.
party lines to shield him from accusations of reading, especial- ly if he memorized stray sections
bytery of New York is setting up! a network of branch churches. | in|
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