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TH.E- GUARDIAN

“Covers Prince Edward laianrl Like the Dew”

Published every week-day morning at 136 Prince Street. Charlottetown. P. E. I. by The Thomson Company Limited. Editor and Manager. Ian A. Burnett. Auociato Editor, Frank Walker. Branch offices at Summerlide. Montague Alberton. Authorized as Second Class the Post Office Department, Ottawa. By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summerslde Sl5.00 per annum. Elsewhere in P. E, l. 59.00. Other Prov- ”‘C95 find U- 5- A- $12.00 per annum.

"The atronxeet memo1;y-|a—weake1 than the weakest ink."

Washington conference

and Mail by

‘ e

The meeting in Washington this week between Sir Winston Churchill and Presi- dent Eisenhower inevitably recalls the per- sonal meetings of the heads of the allied Governments during the Second World War. During those anxious years matters of high policy were discussed by the lead- ers face to face. The result was a high de- gree of understanding of one another’s at- titude on important questions.

The situation today calls for no less complete confidence and understanding be- tween the lfnited States and Britain. In- deed there is lacking toda_v the simplc overall purpose, that of crushing a common enemy. which in wartime gave a certain simplicity and inevitability to many de- cisions. The problem today can be reduced to the simple formula of attaining freedom and prosperity for mankind. But the in- finite variety of men's concepts of freedom and prosperity are vastly different from the comparative simplicity of the concept of what. constitutes victory.

The British and American peoples have an enormous advantage, however, in their agreement on fundamentals. such as the importance of the individual, the rule of law and the meaning of democracy. The talks, therefore. can deal with the means of protecting these things; of helping threatened nations to protect their own freedom: of arriving at an understanding as to how any necessary action may be initiated; and of how the burden should be shared.

. .__._.._..__. 4

_Tlle Voting Ago

Debate in Parliament about allowing 18- year-old Canadians to vote shows that re- formers arc tackling this problem of teen- age responsibility at the wrong end, says the Vancouver Sun. State Secretary Pick- ersgiil’s argument that letting in 18-year- olds would make general elections more ex- pensive can be brushed aside. If they're fit and entitled to vote the extra expense is justified. More important is his argument that there should be no change in the vol- ing age without a change in the age at which people assume full legal responsibility for their actions. This age is now 21. It automatically confers the right to vote.

Age limits are usually arbitrary. They are imposed because a line has to be drawn somewhere and there's no magic about the age 2]. We are told by today's educators that the high school students of today are sharper in most ways than their parents and grandparents were. It may be that the usual high school leaving age of 18 is a good time to thrust. full responsibility on people. Most parents will admit that at this age their children are beyond anything but nominal control. They're usually making their own decisions and quite a few are even marrying at that age.

The arguments used in the House of Commons, argues our Vancouver contemp- orary, seem to miss the mark on both sides. Mr. Picks-rsgill's suggestion that enfran- ehislng of I8-year-olds wouldn't make any difference to party chances is as irrelevant as his claim about added expense.

Atlas of Tile Heaven:

The first section of an unparalleled at- las of the universe, six years in the making at Palomar Observatory in California, will be published for astronomers and research institutions in 1955. To be issued in three or four annual sections beginning next year, the atlas fulfills a gigantic task assumed by the National Geographic Society-Palomar Sky Survey in 1949. Mapping of most of the visible heavens, out to the frontiers of man's present telescopes, has been highly successful. Dr. John Oliver La Gorce, presi- dent of the Society. reports.

New photographic materials and tech- ,.niquee, teamed with Paiomar's 48-inch “Big Schmidt" telescope-camera and the giant 200-inch Hale telescope, have already produced many important discoveries, in- cluding comets, nebulosities and star clust- grj. The ._telaIcopee' are owned and oper- etc! by Glltcch and the Carnegie Institu- tion of Naahlnltofio ' its very nature the atlas will be one

'm_oat expenalve ever published. Its ‘ .. .-. 'only.pubiication coet.s,ia ex- ',,.,l., ' ‘M firm per ' ,,-- the number of pur- _ . ‘ than will constitute ,' .li_at-—periiap| not over ' fi1'VItoI'Ifl. and scion-‘

1' ‘§si‘§Dnu:‘t€..ni 7“

9

expect the atlas to provide enough material for a century of study. It will include a total of 1.758 photographs. each 14 inches square, covering all the sky visible from Palomar Mountain—about three-quarters of the entire sky. Negative prints on double- weight photographic paper will be precise copies of the original glass plates exposed with the Schmidt camera.

This instrument penetrates the heavens to a depth of more than 500 million light years. or 3,000 billion billion miles (3 fol- lowed by 21 zeros). Each print covers an area about as large as the bowl of the Big Dipper, slightly overlapping adjoining areas. Also, each area is photographed twice, on blue-sensitive and red-sensitive plates in im- mediate succession. Some features are present only on plates sensitive to one of these two colors of light or are more clear- ly evident on one than on the other. Plans are to distribute the atlas in three or four sections at approximately one-year inter- vals. starting in 1955.

A Mechanical loss

The latest scientific device to be added to the many thousands already in service is a mechanical smeiier which its inventor, Dr. Lionel Farber of the University of California. claims is more trustworthy in some respects than the human olfactory sense. The device goes in for sniffing in a big way and grades fish, vegetables, but- ter. and all other edible products, accord- ing to smell. It is useful also for determ- ining when fruit should be picked for can- ning for future use and when for eating on the spot. Its chief advantage over the nat- ural nose, according to its sponsor, is that it is not subject to “limitations of personal opinion, difference in odor sensitivity, and plain fatigue." This last, it should be noted, happens to every nose at one time or another, especially-after its owner has caused it to meddle inordinately in con- cerns outside its own proper sphere.

Needless to say, the machine is a com- plicated one: but, briefly, it is a system of chemical solutions which cause substances to change colour according to the degree of spoilage or wholesomeness, as the case may be. There is one little disadvantage, however. While it can tell just how much odor is present, the mechanical nose doesn't know whether the odor itself is good or bad. In other words, it receives neither stimulation nor depression from any par- ticular olfactory sensation. The old-fash- toned model must still be retained for mak- ing the necessary distinction between the savoury and the unsavoury. But no one would be bold enough to predict how long this will be so. for the scientists are work- ing fast these days.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Longest Day. The stin arrives at its most northly declination at 7:55 p.m., Sum- mer begins. I

V O O C

The R.C.A.F‘. filter centre opened at Moncton last week will will be the nerve centre of the ground observer corps in the Maritime area. On its efficiency will de- pend the ultimate usefulness of the volun- tary work of observers.

O O O

Ninety nursing assistants, to be emol- ed in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps, will be, according to an Ottawa re- port. the Canadian Army's first regular force of women since the Second World War. It, still leaves the C.W.A.C., however, without regular personnel.

I O I

'l'lie common cold and influenza rep- resent 45 per cent of all sickness in Can- ada, according to a report. made to the Canadian Medical Association by the De- puty Minister of National Health. This is certainly not. so fearful a matter as statis- tics of the death rate from heart disease but quantitiveiy the problem is indeed ser- ious.

O I 0

How the American standard of living has been raised was explained in simple terms at the recent International Labour Conference sponsored by the I. L. O. A company producing a product must bring the price down to where people are able to buy. Then the necessary volume of sales to make it profitable to produce at that price is obtained by advertising. by merchandis- ing, by selling. That is all there really in to it.

Sir Claud John Eyre Auchinleck. Brit- ish soldier, was born this date 1884. He fought in the Middle East. in the First World War. also in the Mohmand operations in 1935. Before the Second World War he had attained a reputation as an expert in mountain warfare. From being command- er-ln-chief in India he succeeded Wavell as Middle East commander. I-le relieved To- bruk and captured Benghazl but met with reverses. Rommel drove him back to El Alamein and he was succeeded by Mont-

gomary.Heaubaaquantly_didaphndldL

wnrk.lnIntliund3usau.__', U \

OTTAWA REPORT

Consumer P

By Patrick

Canadian consumers of all com- modities are protected against price rigging and restricted sup- plies by one of the least known parts of our machinery of govern- ment. This is the Restrictive Trade Practices Commission. aided by the Director of Investigations, both appointed under the Combines Investigation Act.

The Director of Investigation is in effect the prosecuting attorney

while the Commission of three members constitutes the court which bears his chayges against

suspected combines and also hears the defence aubmitied by the sc- oused.

The Director. currently Mr. ’I

What Price M.D.s'.'

(Canadian Chamber of Commerrm

There was A good deal of dia- cusslon About Parllanienrs decision to increase. the tipenda of Mem- bers of Parllanie t. to 810.000 pc: year. A great many people muttered darkly that most MP1: weren't worth it. The ma,ior1t,\ of the critics, it must be admitted. were lhose who were earning far less than 110.000 a year and there might. perhaps have been a con- siderable share. of envy involved in their reaction. It seems to us however, that the question as to whether or not a member of Far- liament. is worth $10,000 a year is one which roots squarely on the ahouiders of the man in the street. It is up to us, as voters. to see. to it that the people whom we nomin- ate and elect to Parliament. should be men who are worth every cent of the money that they receive The boost in salaries can be justi- lled only if we exercise our respon- sibility to see that we get. our mon- ;es Worth. If we do. and in a com petitive ent.erpr.se economy this is what we should do, then the in- crease can be stimulating and healthy. Men of ambition and men of taient.—io say nothing of no- men with similar qualifications- will be attracted to what we hop: \\'lll become the l"arlianicnta:'3 ;)rolé’s.i'on.

Canada lias. on the i\hn1e_ by“, most. fortunate in the class of ill- ivldual vlho liar. entered the somewhat hazardous fir-id oi pol- itics. On the v\holc_ our lca:‘lci'.=. our Cabinet Mir.i3'.crs and even the rank and file of members ll'rl\’( been a credit to their 4-nuntr_\ am.’ in those that have elected thrm We must. however. make sure Il'l.’i' we continue to attract mrn ant.’ ‘women of the highest calibre nut.‘ in the final l|l'lBl_\"’i.1. the rcspon- 3lbllll.y in the voter

Old Charlottetown I

and r. a. 1. I naaetrz CONTEST '

"At. the Ba pipe competition at Government ouse [rounds on Wednesday. N. Giilla. Flat River. won the first prize —- £4; Alex. MacDonald, Prtnceiown Road. the second — £2: and'Don Mac- l-‘adyen. Charlottetown. the third -12! 105.. with 105. additional for appearing in Highland costume.

"At the shooting match the following parties tied: Private Josiah Laird. Charlottetown Artil- lery: Private Noah Harper. Little York: and Capt. Roberta. Brack- ley Point —-each having scored 24 points. They fired off on Thurs- day. when Private Laird proved himself -the victor."

The Vindicator. Oct. 2. ma.

RUGGED TERRITORY

The bare and rocky "bad landa" of south Dakota cover 1.000.000 acres near the link hllla.

nu oarrrarulu

Three of the Republic of India’: univaraltiea, Calcutta. Iladrae and Iombay, were all founded in 1061.

FAMOUS IIAIPIIOOTII suffnlo Im 00!’. Who did!’ in

0:3 DZJIVVCLFIU C

1l1'i.lareaaIIadub.Iviu

roieciion

Nicholson

D, MacDonald. has power to order my person to be queationr‘ under oath, and to order the production of books and correspondence ro- tating to the business being inves- ngaied.

For the purpose. of enquiries un- der this Act. a combine means a combination of two or more per- sons in actual or tacit agreement designed to‘ limit facilities for man- ufacturing. transporting or dealing in any article for fixing lie resale price, or for preventing or lessen- ing competition in trade in that Article.

An investigation into a suspect.- :d combine is generally initiated in-snugn informal complaints or general observations of that trade.

Few members of the public are aware that, under the Act, they are entitled to request. an investi- cation of any suspected combine. If the Act is to give the buying public maximum protection. it is up to them to cooperate in this way. Any six adult Canadians may request the Director to investigate any situation in their own com- munlty. The degree of control winch constitutes a combine or monopoly has never been spelled nut.; but if. for example, six mem- bers of the public suspect. that even three quarters of the coal zicalera in their town are getting together to fix the price of coal they may submit the evidence on which their suspicions are based. and request an investigation. The director receives an averagc of five such complaints a week from the public; a substantial .iumber each year are found to be justified by actual price rigging oi ;lmilar combine activities.

some enquirlra cover a situation meeting the whole country, such as recent. cases against the rubber pdustry and the fine papcr in- :lllSll‘)‘. Others affect only onc province or even a small area vithin I province. '

The penaltlcs for onibine arr-_ criticised by some ll.l’.'s as bring too light.‘ Upon -nzmrtznli an offender may be sen- .:ncrd to up to too years impris- Jzimcni. and/or a fine in the dis- ;rei.ion of the court. However. mull though the penalties may hr .11 relation in the commercial ben- fits of oprrnllnl a combine. a conviction normally has the effect ’)I putting an end to such opera- tion.

operating It

SUCCESSFUL MEI PIEIII PIISIOLIVE

w. aim:-nun worm

Pairnolve Shave Guam given you an

All.-DAY SIAVI

Palmolive’: beard - eohaala oila wlltlzue vhiukan down to heal. You St a dour ollave — Ia ALL- AY

share. You look your boat from morain tilt at

with Pmoil: AhrSl.IvI on. soorlau

from e an to the

1 SMALL BEGINNINGS

A traveller khrouzh O dusty med screwed acorns on the lot. And one took root. and sprouted UP and grew into a tree.

Love sought its shade, at evening lime. to breathe its earl)’ VOWBJ 110011 bough: The dormouae loved lia danzlinz twigs, the birds sweet music bore:

it stood a glory in lt5 place. a bless- ing evermore.

—Charlee MacKay.

‘//.e E? ' ¢

to bark’ beneath no

The Age Old Story

Much more then. ‘Will! ‘WW justified by his blood. we shall be saved from wrath through him. For if. when we were ‘enemlr-.. Wt‘ were reconciled to (and bi’ “"9 death of his Son. much more. he- lng reconciled, we shall he aaved by his life. And not only 760. but- we also joy in (ind through our Lord Jesus Christ, hy whom we have now received the atonement.

P350 4 The Guardian

First Contacts

out of the ma century comes a mortal of advice for Maura. ndon, Duliee. Pearson and Bldault and the other Western Minlal-era presently negotiating with Mr. Molotov.

"Take heed. how you hm to doe with him (the Russian Am- baaaador) or with any such. Ind make your barnlnea 1113-1110 Ind act. them downe in writing. For they be eubtill people and do not alwalen apeake trueth, and thlnke other men to bee like themselves."

so ran the counsel addressed to British merchanta by the Muscovy Company at the very dawn of our relations with the Russian Empire, then 4;: the grip of Ivan IV, later to be known as "The Terrible."

Mr. Christopher Lloyd, wrltlns of these early merchant ventures in the April number of the British publication, History Today. me!” the interesting point. that "the chlefert setter forth" in the fam- ous voyage of Wllloughby and Chancellor was the same sebu- tian Cabot. who. with his father in an earlier period. est-Sbllfihed the Englleh claim to North America.

0 O

The most. experienced navigator of hi: day, Cabot laid down the lnstructlona for the 1553 vovase and these became a model for later explorers. He included rules for the maintenance of discipline aboard including the following: “That no blasphemy of God, or detestable swearing be used in any ship, nor communication or rlbald- rie, fllthle taiea. or ungodly tnlkc to be luffered; neither dicing. carding. tabllng, nor other dlvellsh games to be frequented."

Thua aolerrmly admonished against temptations. the English seamen set forth on the Journey across the "north out froatle sea." They arrived. though not inten- tionally, tn Muacovy and Chancel- lor proceeded by sleigh from the White Sea. to the court. of the nor.

!van was then busily encased in empire - building. He had de- feated the Volgn Tutors and was planning an attack on the Baltic states: for which reason he was affably eager to deal with a west- em power which might be ‘ " d to supply him with arms.

Chancellor made two VOYIBG-9 9° Russia. losing his life on the sec- ond return trip. This tragedy 00' curred while the first Ruaaiim Am- banaador, Osep Napea, was being escorted to Ensland. When the

the Scottish coast. “the grand

,pilot using all oarefulnease for the

safetle of the bodie of the sayde Ambesandour and his trayne. Wk" mg a boat of the eayde ship. trusting to attayne the shore. the same boat. by rlzorolu WIVES °l the sea. was by darke night over- whelmed and drowned."

However, Napea survived, met the Queen. tranaacted his business in London and returned to Russia the same year with Anthony Jen- ltlnson in the Noble Primrose.

According to Mr. Lloyd, Jenkin-

Production of canned evaporated milk in Canada has increased more than seven-fold in the hut years.

in ways a better

FOUNDED I397

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.dIIvaIpla¢ie eeetalnIrl'

The imperial _I.if¢ insurance service. - rages 1) savings Ifhafnlacsilld homes andrb place in which to W‘-

son, though not an accredited am-

ship was wrecked in a gale oft $8

Mondly. June 21. 1954

With Moscow

(WInnlpe| Free Press)

T.sar‘a Court. He also travellga widely in Russia and Tnrtary, hi. record: providing the beat con- temporary accounts of life in Ivan's realms at that time.

It appears that the Tsar, in ad. dition to his need of nuns and ehlpwrightn, had another and rather curloua motive for aeeklng an alliance with England at that time. He wanted a treaty ensuring that he would have a right of asylum in England in the even; that he lost his throne and gum. anteelng Elizabeth the same right, in Russia. ,

This was not the most. flattering manner in which to approach ,, Tudor sovereign and the first or. flclal English Ambassador to M0,. cow was entrusted with a letter explaining rather tartly that wing: ever might be the conditions in Russia. “We have no manner of doubt. of the continuance of on,- peaceable government. without, danger from our subjects." Ivan was nevertheless assured that m case of need London would one, the usual hospitality to political refugees.

. . .

Unfortunately the Ambassador had a bad time of it. He found himself virtually a prisoner in [hp Kremlin, forbidden to speak to his own countrymen (whose trad- ing privileges he was seeking to conflrml or even to deliver in person Her Majesty’: letter.

The reason for this behavior was apparently that the Tear felt .1. fronted by Elizabeth's refusal to consider seriously a marriage pm- posal—perhapa. suggests Mr. Lloyd because Ivan'a previous seven wives had all died in mysterious circumstances.