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11m CIIARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

APRIL 17, 1943

I THE 151) UCA 11701541. Fzomzoiv

PRESENTWNG NEWS AND VIEWS OF INTEREST TO TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS SEEKING IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

-A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE-

l ,1 - I-

Neither let mistakes nor wrong dirccli0llS, of winch every man, 1n his studies or elswhere, falls into many, discourage you. There ll

GEOGRAPHY

Explain why we have alternate nun i~:r and winter on the earths oil: w‘ Ans. Au the earth moves about the 31,111 in g irearly circular path, iii.- Nltfll] pole leans toward the sun. \\'nvn lllt.‘ earth has reached [mu ciz-Jositv. position in its coursé.

i pole lciins away from

, ~ Accordingly each pole 2i- ' o‘ iii-nuns in the sunlight, and ~ for 1h,- ncxt ll months in the tie earth. The distri-

- ii~nt ore;- the earth

and ‘

llVC tliifcrcnt sca-

sun is directly over-

zenith, I

~ ni " 11nd ill the earth

t“.ll'll 2i hours.

1. nibcr and hence, .0 (lays are known as the ie times of equal

movrs the '31s‘ of liinrcii. leans more and Qlw sun. . cine puélllﬂll on the

HISTORY

fv-rclsg I ,<_ lh? f0]-

IlIZIIIfRHOIlS in Bxpuorer

- .\' __. Laurence Jacques Cartier Hudson Bay i- Quebcc i- ’élS$.l)l])l Aioufh i- j

i754 Saskatchewan River 1'. . Ci "Wrnllll? Riler (‘ Wimhln Mouth

lvvi/lx‘ men were prom- 1> pvrmrls of Unn- gnven hclnw. You in which period n; bv writing his proper pvririd. for each period in the proper‘

'51s example. '1, Wolfe. Isaac A. Macdonald,

LITERATURE

'l:le on the coast of Lin " the ringers in

.0 ring the bells? r- the ride had broken ti once started would

i {ii/llv.

rivl thcv play?

. oi Flnzicrby. lwihoth not. takc

bolls rand? n was haplly wwis home to milking. er child and sing- trin‘: the bells, sini- of (‘lllIlTh bells and

-:‘h them. - "d thrv lint‘ did ioxinrrl the sea? .~\' tire sky, probably they ,1 svvrre storm coming l(‘\' locked along the until HIPII‘ gnzc r FOII.

olrl lridr

their gaze

first

twing the cause 0f‘

nth» beacon burn and _h'?

: srue crews

- turn. and in kmp up

~~t' ‘hose who were shel- rrofs.

happened to Elizabeth?

child were

T HE

Canal l)L'l\\CCIl the

..~.i_ mu And tlic Red Lvtfi Pori, Sold Lu sucr- con- ill u)‘ Ferduiand de lesseps is 101 miles long; runs Lakes Benzalzi, Balah, and Bitter Lakes. "cutest width 350

t‘ ml '7 What Ans. She and her

a- it provides a short .2 East.

(IIIERALTAII pr-ninsula nncl south of

i l kr ~ 'nil_\',

from Africa by;

r l6 in. wide: l o NIOLIILCYIHIIICHII tllllt‘l'l('(l with Spain by

a l 3-4 m. long and;

1 . w is 2 3-4 ﬂIlICn long girl J-i oi a fllllf‘ iridc and I400 11.’. high at its givatcst elevation. Gibnltar yvais captured in 1704.

DEHYDRA

At the Iii-gunning of the war l grmi. 0i .\."i\llllIllI Workers in the IXlLHIIPItL oi SCIUIILIIIC and In- dii» i...l “VrCdYCII had attempted

a likvly ncccl by mak-

t-...ive study of food-

"lic (lrylilg of footistuffs

I. . In!’ lllPV learned from Lin.» lkzm iillil the 'l‘zu~turs ciricd milk in ilic tnirti-eiitli century, while hiusl. schoolboy readers of adventure 5l/>l'li‘S were familiar with riricd nicut in the form of penimicazi. ‘Pnanks to the work carried on by thr- 10w Tempera- turi RDSKWITCII Station at Cam- bridge rind similar institutions in the Doiniiiinir; rind the United Stat/cs, it l5 now possiblc l0 export tremendous quantities of milk. eggs, butter, fish and vegetables in powder or block form, with an

Thu» ' ls‘. oi Afar-ch undl

along in ‘

until it .'

first. look for 3

ybeen made to retake,

PNCWUS lnBtYllct-IOH to be got bytﬂlltl tanneries; silk and leather.

finding we were wrﬂn. Let a mail

manfully, to

try faithfull , grow more and more

right tie right: w

22nd of June. Then the sun shines 23 1-2 degrees beyond me North ole. At this time it: ray: fail relch the 501ml P010 by ll 1-3 degrees. Tnul. there in at this season l circular area ebout the north pole which is continually in sunlight, and one about the south pole which is continually in dark- ness. Six months on the 22nd 0' December the con- ditions are reversed; the south pole leans toward the sun and the north pole away from it. Be tween the 21st of March and the 22nd of September the larger part .u1 the lighted half of the earth 1S in the Northern Hemisphere, and the days in that hemisphere are mveryyivhere longer than the nights.

later, that upifered high

In the six months from the 22nd of September to the 21st of‘ March, the days in the Southern Ifeinisphere are similarly longer than the nights. Thus, the North- ierli Hemisphere has summer while l [the southern Hemisphere has win- |ter. and winter while th South- yefn Hemisphere has summer.

, when we have spring it ls au- .tumn in South America; when we lhave summer it is winter; when we have autumn it is spring. when ‘we have winter it is summer.

[JOIIXI Cabot. Montcalm, Lord Du:-

i haxri, Joseph Howe, Frontenac, Wm.

lLyon MacKenzie, Jacques Cartier,

‘Tecumseh and Sir Alexander Mac- Kenzle.

Example- rPerlod of Early Discovery (i492- I603) John Cabot Jacques Cartier l. Period of French Colonization (1603-1759)

2. Period of British Conquest 1756-1763)

3. Period of North West Explora- tion (1763-1812)

4. Period of War of I812 (1812-1814)

5. Period of Struggle for Respon- sible Government in Canada (I815- i849)

Ofgcriod OI Confederation (I00; 1873)

drowned.

8. What descriptive touches in- dicate that the country was low- lyinq and easily flooded?

Am. The level pasture, full five miles away. ‘he steeple towered from out the greene, the grassey sea; the banks came down ruin and route.

9. How is the progress of the

Vyarma, town, W. Russia, D0 m. ENE. of Smolensk; leather goods and tobewo.

lake Ilmen. large fresh water lake, N.W. Russia, immediately sozth of city of N0vg0r0d. Area, 36C sq. m.; 93 feet above Baltic level; flat, marshy shores; dis- charges into Lake Ladoga by R. Volkhov; productive fisheries.

NORTH AFRICA

Pbr eleven days, inexperienced American troops fell back before Marshall Rcmmers veterans on the Central Tunisian front. They suf- casualties and 10s‘. many tanks. The Germans passed through the Kasserine Pass to within four miles of Thalia. Masses of British tanks and British and American planes arrived t0 aid the American troops. The Nazis were pushed back through the Kasserine Pass toward Fald Pass, where their drive had started. Gofsa and El Guettar were re-

taken. THE PACIFIC

Iii the Pacific. one of the great- est victories of the war war stag- ed when an entire Japanese con- voy was dstroyed by American planes. The convoy consisted of 10 warships, 12 transports. 55 air- planes, and an estimated 15.000 troops. The convoy was attack- ed in the Bismarck Sea, en route to the Salamaua-Lae sector of the front 1n New Guinea. Americans lost only one bomber and three

waters marked in the poem?

Axis. Stanza 13. I4. 15. ‘Then in stanza is we are told of the re- ceedlng of the waters.

l0. Explain: (a) And rearing lLindis backward pressed,

i Shook all her trembling banks

amaine;

l Then all the down to mighty floods were out.

Ans. Lindis was flowing to the sea. as the tide came up the river ‘it pressed the current back mak- l ing ii rcar up. This surge of wat- gcrs broke the clykes which were j built up on the banks of the river to prevent it overflowing. When the dyke of the river gave way the flood spread over ‘the plain.

(b) That flow strewed wrecks

about the grass,

That ebb SWBnt, out to sea:

Ans. The inflow of the tide wrecked houses, etc, and strewed them over the plain, the ebb of the tide carried the flocks out to sea.

SUEZ CANAL

during the war of the Spanish Succession, by a. combined Dutch and English force under Sir George Rooke, and was ceded w Great Britain DV the Treaty of Utrecht in i713. Several attempts have the most celebrated being the great siege in 1779-83, when General Elliot, ai- terwards Lord Heathfield, held it for 3 years and 7 months against a. combined French and Spanish force. The town stands at. the foot 0f the promontory on the N. W. side. Gibraltar is a. free port, and enjoys the advantages of an _‘ extensive shipping trade. In peace time it is a. popular tourist cen- tre. It has extensive barracks; cable station. Gibraltar is a ‘strongly fortified naval base and cooling-station; climate hot, but not unhealthy. The Governor and ‘Commander-in-Chlef is I-Ils Ex- cellency LleutenantGenei-al F. N. Mason MacFarlane, 6.13., D.S.0., M.C

TED FOOD

immense saving in shipping space. A quart of fresh milk weighs 41 oz. and has a volume of 69 c. in.; as a powder it weighs 5.3 oz. with a volume of 15 c. tn.; 15nd with the powder compressed into n block the volume Ls reduced w 7.7 o. . Three dozen eggs, dehydrated and

then compressed, make a one- pound parcel. Ten ounces of carrots can be squeezed to n 2- inch square. which is less than one-half inch thick. A similar ro- duction takes place in weight and volume with dehydrated butter, fish and vegetables. and in each case the full nutritive value of the food is retained. Indeed, trials have shown that there is more vitamin C in dried cabbage than in fresh. Shipment of dehydrat- ed. compressed food means less shipping space.

'I‘H I‘) RUSSIAN FRONT

‘Ilia most spectacular" gain 0n the Russian front in March was the papture of tho city ni Rzhev. I40 mile-s west of Moscow. Its captufé greatly strengthens" the dsfencgg of Moscow. The Rus- signs’ under Marshal Timoshenkn. followed u their victory at Rzhev with a dr ve towards Smolensk. vyazma fell to encircling Red uqnlgg, mrther north, ncnr Lake, qmen, Red legions drow- towards.

‘wraya Russia, nnnltivr strong

m; when Nazis had licld against ‘

fierce Russian attacks a year ego. Riclentless fighting continues through snow and mud.

Kharkov. In southwestern Rus- Slﬂ. the Red Army was driven back for the first time since the‘ start of its great offensive at, Stalingrad last November. Part of the vital Donets River line (e11 m the Nazis and fin iv Kharkov was evacuated. Rzhev, town, Russia, on the River Volga. I30 miles west of Moscow; shipbuilding, breweries

On signal, the crew's driver guns his motor; zooms his truck in bc- hind the chattering gun. Onc man grabs the handle and hoists the hot barrel. The ﬁring man swoops up the tripod, while the other gunners

FORD MOTOR COMPANY

lARGEST

flkhters. with other: damaged. In the New Guinea-Solomons sector the Allie: carried the fight. Heavy and medium bombers ltruck beav- ﬂv It Munda. and Lac. on cm other hand, Japanese pluiec raid- ed Wau, the All on New Guinea. New Japanese ail-fields luv; been built among the ls- an .

CHIN!

The Jwlnue continue their efforts to improve their positions in China. One objective is aim- ed at Changsha, in an effort to control the rail line to Canton and cut interior Chins. off from the coast. Another is aimed at the Chinese capital of Chungklng. Still another strikes up the Burma Road in an effort to cross the Salvveen River and drive tr;- wcrd Kunming. The capture nf the latter would add greatly to the difficulties of the United Na- tions in re-opening the Road and would make it possible for Japan to drive down the Kunming- Hanof railroad into fndo China and open a supply line from there. This would give them a base deep inside China and s. short supply

lins from the East. The Burma Road would be of little use to the . Allies if the Japanese were at Kunming.

Changsha is the centre of the-i ares where a network of United‘ Nations air bases might supply great bomber fleets for the at- tacks on Japan's industrial area= and On Japan's supply lines to the East Indies and Singapore.

ON! OF A SERIES OF "ACTION PICTURES- NIIH CANADA'S MECHANIZED ARMY '

WHEN ENEMY ARTILLERY gets

' the range of a Canadian machine gun unit, the crews move fast- rushing up close for the deadly in- ﬁghting at which they are specialists. With ﬁre power equal to more than 50 soldiers with old-type riﬂes, a machinigun crew and its modern truck can cover miles of territory in a matter of minutes.

PRODUCERS OF

l start...»

Chlnuhl. Cap. Human, B. china, trades in antimon , tea, rice, coal. Bﬂnill; third of Bumin; ex- ports rioe. ,

Liberia in Wat Africc (recent- ly visited by President Roosevelt wﬂa settled by‘ freed slaves from the United S tea and the West Indies. The population of United States i! 1441900000. A new synthetic quinine used to malaria ll called Atcbrlne.

A Swine citizen who founded the fntiemationll Red Omel in 1604 wu Jean Henri Dunnnt.

Akgab. port. Burma, on Bay of

Wpulatlon of the World in 1889 was 2.I68,®0.000.

The Governor and C0 der- in-Chief’ of the Bahamas lg .R..H. "the of Windsor. The President of Eire in Dr. Douglas Hyde, The Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs of Eire is Eamon de Valera.

The Governor of Northern Ire- land is the Duke of Abercom.

The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland is the Rt. Hon. John Mil- ler Andrews.

GRAMMAR

| _

or "like" in the

1n the following: ks just

Exercise

her r. ii Ho came -- he had plan-

ne . 3. Why do you not study your lessons -—- GIBGQ does? 4. Her hair in —-- yvurl. B. She combs her but: -— you

o. 6. It looks -- rein. 7. 1t looks —- lf it would rain. 8. You speak —- me does; your voice is —- hers. . How much do you charge for apples __ these? I0. I doirt charge —- mucli i

I should. Exercise ll — The followin lentences oon-

irii the troubecome words n.1-

mmt. moat, except, without,

i...-_<. Make the correct in

case.

1. (Almost, most) ever one was there. 2. The boy's sght was (moat, almost) gone. 8. (with out, except, unless) the nun comes out. he remains in the house (al- most. most) all the time 4. He would not travel (except, ivlthout. unless) his three dogs. 5. tAliriost, most) of her troubles are imagin- ary. 6 I see him (most, almost) every day. 7. TATIIEL, almost) Jf his friends are here.

un- each

MAINTENANCE OF SOIL FERTILITY

A good soil program must take in inc consideration of several very important factors, among which are:

i. Organic Matter. A 300d sup- ply of decayed vegetable matter provided either bv use of Cover Crops or Farm Manures, helps to insure a continuity of available plant food to the growing crops, caivfwes moisture in the soil, provides a. medium for the develop- iiieilt of beneficial micro-organ- SICS. ‘

quick

inc-r is essential for the removal of surplus water.

.._ l (a) Improves the

c.‘ ails (b) Increases

the supply of air in the soil; (c1

Lil's? soil temperature, so

in the spring; (d) Al-

lows earlier cultivation and seed- ing; (o) Favours the growth of desirable micro-organism: (f) Ernables plant, roots to reach more deeply for plant. food.

3. soil Acidity. T00 much acid- ltv in the soil slows down the de- composition of vegetable matter and formation of nitrogen, and PTODEr utilization of plant food generally. The rieral ractice to offset this ac dity. is he use of lime under various forms; ground limestone, hydrated lime and quick lime. Soils however,

vary a great deal n their lime re- qlllrfmeiits and s do crops. For example: the legumes, like: alf- alfa. clovers. peas. etc. require much more lime than potatoes or strawberries.

Lime compounds applied to the sous w correct aéaldlty c.1560 1:11:-

ove the tllth an promo n r- gllcation, but they must not be re- garded a; fertilzers and do not add any nitrogen, phosphoric will and potash.

The safe procedure. therefore. is to have the soil tested for lime in accordance with crop requirements.

. Fertilizers. Commercial rer- tilizera in good- arm m merit ghould p; mgﬂded u supp en-

to barn-yard manure or cover crops, and serve also to re- store the plant food substances of which the soil has become deplet- ed. The correct placement of fer- tllizers is of primary importance. Experiments mow that they chould be placed at about the same depth or slightly below the feeding roots so as w permit the latter to reach the plant food easily and quickly.

Fertilizers for Grain, flay and lloed Crops: —

For Potltoel:

With 8 to 10 tom muium1000 to 1200 lbs. per acre of 4-8-10.

with 15 to 20 tons manure 000 to I000 lbsnper acre of 4-12-6.

Without manure 1200 to 2000 lbs. per acre of 4-8-10.

For Turnip:-

With manure 600 to I200 lbs. per

See Hitler’: Food Front Unchanged

LONDON. April 14 —iCP)—.Hlt- ler's food front is at least as strong as it was a year ago. Unless new military operations produce serious manpower drains. he should be aiblegto harvest enough food on the continent to see him through the winter of 1943-44, a Ministry of Economic Warfare official pre- dlct/zd today.

Fall-sown crops, such as wheat and rye survived the winter well, and the harvest probably will be good despite a shortage of labor. machinery and fertilizer.

clamber aboard

attack plans.

O O

IOID V*I AND MIICUIV (Al! FORD IIUCII, YIACIOIS AND IUSIS

MILITARY vinictss

The complete conﬁdence o! Canaddl nehllen la their “blast-tired “was horns" ll a constant challenge In I'm-d o! Canada's engineer: and craftsmen. Night and day, they give ti: but to I00 Illa! Canada‘: ﬁghting men get only the but o! battle vehicle: -In ever-Increasing quantiﬁa-

with ammunition

and condenser can. They're away- on tbe heels of the enemy.

In this kind of lightning warfare, Canada's keen, well-trained ﬁghting men demonstrate the one-two-tbree teamwork that gives them spear- head position in the United Nations‘

"The brilliant teamwork of

Canada's well-trained striking

force: provide: an inspiration to everyone in Canadian industry. ~

B] uwrking bard and well; b] ouorbing together; w: sball rapport their gaﬂant 2m» for Victory."

PRESIDENT

or (JANADA, LIMITED

EMPIRE

IN THE BRITISH

500 lbs. . 1r B. 2-12-0 p: 4-12-0 contalninf 2 p91‘ mm w mqrclai borax is used. enou hm; the fertilizer should be Bpplfod a, supply between 10 b; 30 "L, of i-ax e bogx per-s aciea w ' heart £1’ glglffllps, 05133301 "W186 . ok h u-t er. or. corkv cm. of i’;§,i°§.‘_‘““°"

or .-

Wlth manure I000 u; 150° h

iaiiia... Iiilfi?“ new i» t For Grainn;_

cent phm, erit potum 4 ‘u; n ..‘-__¢,,| ﬂni-njnl-I-mll-‘Mvm Thh Deplrtmcnt i; _ ducted m Prince card's lllllll Federation, Contribution: are welcome and should be ﬂddressed i» Mlllnr MacFadyen, 3 1.3 F“, ling 8L, Charlottetown.

II-Iow to Guide a Bomber

_ —0n the Ground i By NEA Service

A Bomber Station, England _B¢ cause nobody can cutsliout the lou, 2000 h. p. engines of a Flying Fort.- ress while the big ships are being carefully nursed between field run- ways and the widely-removed (115. persal points where thev-‘re parked combat and grounc crews of the’ USAAF use a sin language all m..." own.

Herc MSI, Sgt Clay Gangs, a ground crew chief frcm Berivpr Pa" demonstrates the signals *0} getting his Fortress ready to loin othgr bombers on a trip over Hitler. an .

“Chocks clear." Sergeant Ganes’ ands tell the pilot that ground :ew has removed the bloclu‘ 2cm front and rear of huge heels, so it's okay to start taxi-f ig toward runway.

. .- ~ .1

"Come ahead." He directs the iuge ship's pilot down the nar- sow run from its dispersalpoint toward the ﬂight strip. ,_

—\

< a

“Swing her." Left hand signal! for foot brakes on right side_ l0 left wing will swing and 91"" Fortress to desired position. M

s» “Ilold everything." Fortress ha! ow worked its nose out of it-I ispersal site and is poised for _ istant taxiing onto runway-

. - >411: “Out No. 2 engine." From l?!’ 1o right, looking out pilot's w"; 10w, engines are numbered l}; v J, 4. Sergeant Gangs 9811 _ "my of them by indicating "l"; bcr with left hand ﬁngers and. y drawing right hand in Cutllfl‘ motion across his throat.

"Cut everything.” Plane l! right where she should be Plfnkii ed- for the night, her 1013B I burrowing back into d!!!” site, rune heading out.