‘v I lation has now

MPAGEFOUR , .

TIE - OIIARLOTTETOWII OIIAROIAI

i Ioralng only (Pounded in um l Authorised a: Second Cine: Mall. Poet Ofleo Department, Ottawa

Preident: Lieut. Col. W. Cheater l. hlobnre Vice-President: J. B. Burnett, F.J.I. Secretary: lient Col. D. A. olacKmnon, D.S.0. litter and Managing Director: J l. Burnett, IJJ. Aloolate Ildltora: Frank Walker and Ian _A. Birnett.

‘Illa Guardian may be obtained at: ' llnb Tobacco Shop, Monoton, N. B. The New: ‘Shop, liloncton, N. B. George McLean, Pictou N. S. Walker’: White Spot, Il Salter St» Halifax, N.S. lltan News Agency, 1248 Peel Sh, Montreal. Ullited Cigar Stores, Chateau Lanrier, Ottawa Ont. B. Alt-ken, Lord Elgin’: llotel. Ottawa, Ont. J. Fine, 354 Bay St., Toronto, Ont. Wolfe’: News Stand, Sudbury, Ont. Old South News. Cor. Milk and Washington St:.,

Boston Interline’: News Agency, TimerBulldlng, New York,

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

MONDAY. FEBRUARY 1B. 1M6

Serious Farm Labor Problem

Two recent announcements from Qygq.‘ are of apeciil interest to our farm producers. One was of a reduction in the butter ration from six to four ounccs per wcck for March and April; the second told of the dismal onl- l°°l< l" "1 Mlfiqllfitl- supply of farin labor at I time when demands on the productive capa- city of Canadian agriculture have reached an all-time high.

Cut in ihe butter ration, notes the Globe and Jfail, is the consequence of (lecreased pro- duction. ilanadians are not being asked to consume less butter so that more might be available to meet critical food needs abroad. The ration has been lowered in order t0 tide this country ovci- two critical months, and it is, incidentally, the second cut within two months.

The fact that (fanadian milk production in 1945 ivzis the greatest in history affords small consolation. It is not enough to excuse decreased butter production, which ill lanuary was 15.6 per cent below January, 1945, on grounclg that the increased milk supplv was more than taken up in increased fluid milk consumption; in fill- ing Caiiarla”, cheese contracts with the United Kingdom and sending evapora-trd m-ilk to lib- erated countries. All this is true. but there is no escaping the fact that great as Cani-idafs milk production niay be, it has by :0 means reached‘ its potential.

The i946 agricultural program, as plotted It the Doiniition-Provincizil Conference on agri- culture last December, calls for an increase of milk. Had there been assurance of a sufficient supply of hclp, farmers could now be working toward that objective. Instead Department of Labor officials uarriezl the conference there was real danger that the “farm WDrking force" might be lower in the spring of I946 than it was in I945. Reason given was that absviice of inan- power ovntrols uoul-l lcavc agriculture an un- protected Ctllllluillltll‘ wuh cxpaiiiliul; pcacetiiuc industries which. along with public works pro- ‘jccts, would’ be making attractive bids for labor. These were strziugt conditions under which to a-‘l; farmers to plan for expanded production. -

But peacetime €.\'l)3ll:l£~7l of industry has

‘not gone forward as rapidly as had been hoped. No extensive. public ivorks (iroiects have been launched. Tihcre is. in fact, a considerable niczis- iirc of uncmployuicnl. Yct concern over the farm labor situation incrcziscs rathcr than (l'llllllllSllC$. Lack of lziboi continues l.» he a bottleneck iii agiicultiiral r/rorluction. Fziiziiers iuust plan their production in ziriiziiicc. ll is not easy t0 dc- Clllt‘. on (K111! ‘r lo lw soun or how innuy cows will be kept. ill llli‘ fzlrnici" Iltifh not know how rnziuy hands “'1. be available to do the work. Thanks t0 (Jtlz-iiufs wartiuve iuaiipoiver policy, agriculture lust thoussinils of workers to in- tluslry, and l: is not going to he a simple mat- ter to ])(‘l'.~l 'l\: a mun who has been receiving! high ungcs 5;, n factory to lCtlifll to the farm.

It has been alllfgffhlfill that if all else fails, the (iU\'(‘l‘lllll€lIt nmv be forced to "inch back" some of 1hr iiszuipoiii-i- controls. ll would be irouical in the extreme it thc (ioveriiment should have lo compel time with farm experi-

eiicc to return ro agriculture when in wartime it refused tn use ltoinpulsion to protect the farm

labor supply.

Farmers in this Province will fully zigrec _\\"ith tho 'l'oi~>uto papers cuuclusiini that inadequate l_iO~.'L'l'lllllClll policics were a drag on farm production throughout the war.

They Continue to be so. 'l‘.'icre can be no satis- factory. solution lo the farm labor problem until there is a rationalized basis on which the farm- er can Compete for the svvicrs of labor. O11 his part, it '5 the farmer's duly to provide so far a5 possible working conditions which would make farm life more attractive.

Britain's Coal Plans

t

The first great United kingdom industry to be nationalized by the Aitlcc Government will be that of cos‘, in connection with which legis- passctl second reading in the House of Commons. Its implementation will be a huge undertaking. Years will be required to complete the required orqai-izalion, but ad-

vocates claim that steady advance in productiv- ity per man and savings in cost of production lhould be achieved each year. » The British coal industry now requires measures entailing SIRSIIZPYIIUZ capilal expendi- ture, To mainrein the output in tlic declining Laiiarlrshirc conlficlrl. it is (fsfitflllléll to sink deep, expensive pits in other Scottish areas. The development of the Firth of Forth coalfieldl, which contain immense resources, i: an enorm- am undertaking. In due course it will be neceaitlrv to transfer large bodtfi of men from Lanarkrhire, which l: bound to present diffi-

pom, h".

mains of the coalfield i: an nuclei-seas area. New pit: of great depth are neeesaiy and the field is cut up with faults, involving great economic risk iii development. In Lancashire the most accessible coal has been extracted and a great "Wflstfllfitwfl Pfflttramme i: necessary to get the remainder out at reasonable cost. The vir- Rin areas that remain are very deep, entailing "twill f-Weiidirure for new siiikings. This, in the opinion of the Government, is a risk which the State alOne can afford to take. In the Dur- him hlllh class coking and gas coal areas, the Government fccl that only a national, co-ordin- illfid D0licy can raise the output in future years. Many South Wales anthracite workings are now uneconomic and must be closed. New dEDth sinkings are inevitable, as the country needs plenty of anthracite for internal use and export.

_ lhe Bill‘ tines not entrust the administra- tion 0f the industry to the Civil Service, but l? a 59695111 expert National Board. It pm- vides _for flexible administration, fair coin- Dfinsation, the welfare of the miners and safe- guards for consumers. The Board must pay their ‘way oii an average of good and bad years, and ifnri exceptional circumstances the na- tlonahinterest required that coal prices be artificially reduced, the Minister would have to {live the necessary explanations to Parliament. H"? llllfilflt-‘frllflillz answerable to Parliament and therefore to the public, while not inter- fefllfl H1 evfifPday administration, will have to satisfy himself that the Board's policy con- forms to general Government policy, for which Parliament may hold l1llll.!'€Sl)Ofl5ll7l6,

The coal nlinistryb assets are to be divid. ed into three categories: namely those to be automatically transferred to the State, those to be transferred at the option of the Board or owners and those on which there is an appeal to arbitration. The colliery coke ovens are placed in the first category because, among other rea- sons, ii-i the treatment of coal and of products of coal there is a great future from which, in the opinion of the Government, it would be short-sighted to debar state enterprise. -

Compensation. is so arranged that de- benture and preference shareholders receive Sellilrate treatment and investors can cash new stock when they like. Two consumers’ coun- cils will advise the minister regarding the sale and supply of coal. No provision for consulta- tion with the mmeivorkers is made. One of the principal reasons for nationalization,diowcvcr, is the improvement of conditions and the status of mirieworkers.

I-EDITORIAL NOTES-q

It may be said metaphorical] '

, A y an ll0llll“

bomb has exploded in Ottawa. i 1K ti‘ Ill iti

l o ilherel 55 Plflldmilly EQiHE’ to be system once _n re at tie Cit,'_ Ilall, the Mayor to be actually "1 allendflnce daily at ti... hours specified. This is as it should he,

i! i i

3°)’ Scour and Girl Guide \Veek, after the youngsters and

look after llienzselres. ,' l >t< It‘ >t<

Ir

Look the grown-ups will l!

The lalc Mr. Russell Pickard, like his bel- ter-known brother, Mr. Alfred Pickard shiiii- "ed the lllllcll-Eht 0f pub i; notwithstanding that, was wcll-knoivn lll ill)’ and country as business nlzui ol hizqh l'(_‘lllul(j, Ills 1055 win be keenly fell especially lll agricultural circles where his business brought him in close contact with- the farmers.

iii!!!

It is a mutter of satisfaction to find an R. A. l‘. UillCCY writing from Liigland testifying t0 the good time given the airmen who were fortunate to br- locatcd at Charlottetown during the Wat’. [he wholeliearted praise expressed in his letter in Saturday's issue indicates that the 200d seed of hospitality sown by our citizens at that time did not fall on stony ground.

t k w v

y A splendid choice has been made by the 1. l1. I. Hospital trustees in the appointment of Mr. lfoukl. the retired, and retiring, niaii- agcr of Th»: Charlottetown as business nian-

til

lager of their large and expanding organiza-

tion. A capable and efficient official at the head 0f the institution will relieve the directors of much needlcss worry over details, and will assure the patients and subscribers generally that they alKl their money will be well taken care of. a w r at Ediward Ply-dc, first Earl of Clarendon, English staiesnian, born this date i609; he was what now-a-ilnvs is termed a moderate, being neither too l‘-'lllCll a monarchist nor a parliamen- tarian, and suffered the fate of not a few suoh in losing the confidence of both sides; at the out- break of the Civil War he was on the side of King Charles, and left England with him in exile; at the Restoration lie returned to power, and was largely responsible for the measures subsequently out on thc statute book; he became unpopular with the Royalisls for his support of the Act of Indemnity, and unpopular with the Presbytcriaiis because of favouring episcopal- iaiiism, he fell from power, and died at Rouen a disappointed man; his daughter Anne married lllc Duke of York, afterwards James II: “Hampdcn had a licad to contrive, a. tongue to persuade, and a handgofxecute mischief." Q I

An illustration of how Britain isdevelop- iiig industries and taking care 0f the sterling currency is seen in a new industrial venture of importance to the country as a whole, as well as to Dundee, where it will be located. The Na- tional Cash Register Company, which has hith- erto imported from its factory in the United States all the mncliiiics it ha: sold in Britain, is to begin manufacturing cash register: at its new factory at Dundee during the lpring. By the beginning of next vcar the conipflflY Will all!) have put in hand the manufacturing of book- keeping and counting machines. Primarily in- tended to supply British needs the factory will also work for Etiropean countries which find

it more convenient to trade in sterling than in

pout-lazily all that re-dollero ' '

rm: cnaniomzroufpppi GUARDIAN“;

Nam 8.11.. Way

°.."°"..% “M "2.$"..°l°‘f.‘.§'.§

lclelnll it! durtn

I OI 0h g lflfl- "y The Brliirhm Sun. The total was“ :68,- t00.000.000 compared wlth $09,700,. 000.000 in 10M. Inch of the five economic area: recorded increases g3: gal?’ ‘tinvyflzttmhe preceglng year.

er ' h

period o! oburvatliaeiir friiiring 1'52‘; to the prelent.

314515115 PUD-ton Queen llllu- bfitll. Worlds littlest liner, wlll complete her tut war job within the next two monthr, and wlll then have a :11: months’ over-Inn] and refit. By Autumn ah: will be ready for the luxury passenger traffic for which she wa: built, but nevr-r used, Among furnishing: needed in the refit are: Thirteen miles of curtains, loose furniture covers. bedspreads, and other di-aplngs; six

le: carpet: and rugs; ‘50, item: of bed and table linen; 200,- 01!) articles of earthenwnre and glass; 16.000 piece: of cutlery. Board: over th iiwlmmlng pools will be remove: and, when 61's slept ln tubular steel bunks, elab- orate cocktail bar: will reappear. The builders will also give the "Queen" n complete engineering overhaul, testing her $1,000 tur- bine blades, 4M0 feet of oll pip- ing from bunker: to furnaces, and many mile: of electric cable. The elaborate frieze: and other wall decoration: boarded up while the ship we: carrying troopr, are in good condition. —London Daily

_ longevity i: a fascinating sub- Ject for those still seeking it, but. there are times when the less ma- ture observer questions the valid-

the reason: given by some of there ancient pereonr. We are still waiting to hear one of them admit frankly that the reason he i: so worth and venerable ll wlght is slmply and solely because his parents and grandparents were healthy, long-lived op , and that he came by hi: miraculous age congenitally, The moral background of our civillutlon ha: given u: the notion that old age is the re- ward of a good life whereas, in all probability, lt is the result of ro- bust and he:lthy parentage-and a bit of luck. --l.nndo.n Wee Press.

Repair: which are to be made to hundreds of thousands of blitz- ed London homes are being dc- layed because of the British work- er's unquenchiible thirst for his cu of tea, say: The Winnipeg ‘rrbune. A report from Iiondon any: that so much time is being lost by knocking off for tea every manning and afternoon th:t reg- ional building committees mad’: up of employers and workers hav ls- sued a circular urging that tea drinking be reduced to a minimum. Stern timer call for stern meas- urel.

A crab weighing 20 1-2 lbs. with a red and pink mottled body and black nlppers, was caught in a trawler’: net off Tamra. on the south coast of New South Wales. Measurements: Tip to tip, 3 ft. '1 ln.; one claw, 23 1-2 in. body, 14 ln.; finger of e:ch nlpper, 10 in. The marine zoologlst of the Aus- tralian Museum (Mr. F. A. Mc- Nelll) said the crab was one of the giant Tasmanian species, which was the second largest in the world, and possessed the greatest bulk and weight of any crab.—Austral- lan News Letter.

__I_

In these day: the minister comes in for no little criticism. Perhaps he deserves it, but on- ihe other hand it is about time for him V receive : word of sympathy. His task l: difficult for no matte-r which way he turns he meets with objections from some parts of his flock. If the person takes a narrow view of religion hi: is accused of bigotry; if he lakes a broad vlew he is suspected rif heresy. If he asks for money he l: charted with worldllness; if he doesn't aak for lt hi: church falls lo pieces, If he pays calls on his congregation he risks the reputa- tion of being a bore; if he doesn't pay calls he is charged wltli Indif- ference. If he endorses movies. oylter suppers :nd bowling alleys in the basement the conservatives proton; if he stick: to services only the boosters howl. If he in- troduces innovations in his ser- vices he is called sensational; lf he confines himself to the Beatl- tucles he i: condemned for hi: platitudes. If he specialize: on the Suridey School the choir resent: it: lf he specialize: on "the choir the Sunday School blow: up. —Balti- more Sun.

3

At a conference of representin- tlve Canadian women called by the Consumer Branch of the Prices Board the chairman of the Board, Mr. Donald Gordon, expressed his own and the Government's appre- ciation of "the untlrlng efforts nf these volunteer women workers ln Canada‘: fighting against wartime inflation." Unquestlonably local and national women's organizations performed lnv:lunble service in supporting Price: Board policy, in maintaining public morale, in help- lng inform consumers of the neceimlty of measures which inter- feged with old customs and (prac- tice: Food rationing w:.: an l: taken in our Stfldg largely because the women’: aiiioclutlons, urban and rural, ad ted a helpful nnd cooperative at ltude. And when appreciation being expressed. let u: not forget the score: of thouund: of Canadian women who beer without complaint the brunt of- inconvenience cauued by ration- ing. Thole who have to feed their femille: within the limitations im-

red by-meat, of sugar, of butter, :ve met and are meeting an ex- acting duty :: vltnl in our rwltch to fence a: ln the grim struggle ltlel. It is eternally to the credit

the women of thl: country, moreover, Hut ther never was any comldereble "back market"

.ln food. Women obeyed the law and made the but of lt—:nd their best ha: been very good indeed.- Ottew: Journnl.

If the wand of hammer on uteel and the tuning up of long-idle motor: l: any n many, after making : nibstuntinl contribution to America’: win-the- war effort, u: getting rudv once more tohaalil: tohtlhg rad. During

eer iiwc-‘eywer “groilndecfl by guollne ruuonlnl. many youn Igpllel, following the laid of the r OPDGIPLhWIlO hay‘:

en part In :11 of t e nation:

war: rtnce the revolution, exchang-

ed their non-dnerfpt clothing for

khaki and nrvrd irthe arm: fie/pale:

fort-er. lhtnrer utilize their native meehen cal ability to work in ahlpyard: and inun tlon: plank, whll: women of the rnce fonmf q yment, a: dementia,

it famlllo: took advantage

lhnetlon by rtertln: their

FOR FASTER REUE

dlcation, the iu- '

I

Freedom 0f The Pres:

The importance of strong new‘. papers 1n the future world bu, been em by Kenn Murdoch, Manual-BI 421mm- of The Herald and W Ltd" Melbourne. a: followl:

Now what of the fufln-e? In l, blg way oui country l: unoengm and unsettled. Its attitude t0- ward some of its problems, won a: production. cm only be described as. that. of ve-vudemientjrhen. l: lack of leadership and 0t’ knowl. egg. and a ceneral feeling o!

The times seem to call for re- deflnitlons-—a clear settlement of the principles upon which g, dam. ocracy can function, and acc t- ance of those principles with uni y, loyalty and tolerance.

So far as the newspaper indus- try is concelned, the newspapers nre setting out to ire-establish the main principle for which they are responsible, and that is the prin- ciple of a Free Press. This we: shaken during the war, even in this country. and was lost. alto gather in some countries.

We believe it to be a cardinal and most potent. factor in the de- valopment of free peoples every- where, and that the Pres: must be established and recognized as one of the great columns of the tem- ple of humanity.

The world has had a terrible les- 54m in the power of propaganda, of the distortions of newspapers and of schools and universities. There is l fundamental neces- slty to have newspapers freed en- tirely from Government or spec- ial interests and leave them free to work as pay-as-you-go institu- tion: dependent on no one for vocs.

When the dictators enslaved the Press, the people knew only what the dictator: wished them to know, and thought a: the dictators dictated.

Where there 1s ii free Press there is the light of ‘owledge and truth; free minds growl-ll, and the strength of a free people.

Where there ls a Government Prm: there l: Hitler, cruelty, re- pres5l0n and war. Destmy the freedom of the Press. M“? "I! house becomes gloomy. suspicious. ignorant, and finally it is filled with fractional lies and Dmlflloenda. and falls to the Bround- C!!! "118 ever be doubted again?

I admit the ruthlessnes: and un- truthfulne§ of some parts of the lesser Press. I don't in the least deny tthe obligation of the Press to correct mistakes and he fair to all. The‘. the great newspapers endeavor always to do.

But whatever mistakes may be made, there can be no SHDPIYS- slon or repression. Correction if you like, but. always freedom For ii you limit. the freedom of the Press you destroy it and all free- dom with it.

The effect of the victory W" for democracy or the individual man over totalitarianism or mass slavery is to enhance the position of the Press that has risen to a greater and even. "nobler place. Mankind is to be freer, therefore 1L must. be better tnfomied and encouraged to think, and given B11 the truth to think about.

The newspfltpers have a greater duty than ever before and their iiigli and important function ghguld be‘ Everywhere recvgnmd an iiccepe.

There can be no doubt that democracy can function m thlfi highly competitive world only l! knowledge is pure. WlClt’. acces- sible, skilfully collected; only 11' comment and exposition are busy, unhindered, altruistic.