-- .-.—‘m

i " machinations.

Bhutan—A farmer who should think to grow profitable crops without a generous appli- cation ofmanure to his soil, would be as unWIse as a person who should calculate to live in ease and luxury all his days without money—Manure is the capital ofthe liiisbzrndman, which deposn- ed in the Earth Bank will yield a high rate of interest. The supply ordinarilyvobtaiued from the stable, however well husbanded, is quite too small. A good farmer has throughout the year taken care to collect muck, turf, vegetable sub- stances, lime, ashes, &c., and made a compost of them, either in heaps by themselves, or what is better, by mixing them with his stable and hog manures. The removing of manure to the field should be delayed till just as you are about to plough and turn it under. If carried out some days before, it loses by evaporation, or is wash- ed away by the rains to fertilize some other per- son’s land. New manure is the strongest, and should be buried pretty deep. Old manure is best for the garden, and as a deposit in corn hills. This gives the young plants a start, in ,time' to command the benefits ofthe new manure ploughed in, which in due season becomes suffi- ciently decomposed to supply the proper food.

DISGRACEFUL txs’mxcs or‘ SUPERSTITION.-— The citrate ofTaltique was an intelligent man \vithal, and full of information and anecdote. His illustrations of the Indian character were highly interesting, and his remarks on the pro- pensity ofthat people to idolatry, both sensible and amusing. With reference to. this subject. he related to us the following, among other anec- dotes. One of his predecessnrs in the curacy had detected his parishioners in the adoration of a god of their own. This was no other than an old Indian, whom they had dressed up in a par- ticular way, and installed in a but, where they went to worship him, offering him the fruits of their industry as a tribute, and performing in his presence. certain religious rites, according to their ancient practice. His godship, who had no manner of work to do, and was regaled with all the good things that the village afforded, found this a sufficiently pleasant mode oflife’, and wil- lingly sustained the character he had been made to assume. But such impious proceedings the curate was determined not to suffer. He reinon- strated with his flock, and admonished them both in public and private, but all to no purp0se: he was listened to by no one; he threatened, and was threatened in turn. He now adopted another course, and affecting to approve the con- duct of his parishioners, liumoured them in the mad whim they had been seized with. It was at that time ofthe year called Passion Week, when certain ceremonies are performed in commemo-’ ration of the sufferings of our Saviour on the cross. The curate proposed that the passion and death of Christ should be represented by the Indian deity in person ; that he should have a crown of thorns put on his head, and be whipped and crucified. “ After he is dead and buried,”

in 1.

Chatsworth, within an hour’s ride of one another; one ofthem. Estcrhazy, contains 360 rooms for visitors, and a theatre. The well known story of the Prince’s reply to the Lord of Holkham, who, after exhibiting a flock 'of tw0 thousand sheep, inquired if he could show as man,y——“ My sh’ep‘ herds are more numerous than- your sheep —- turns out to be literally true; there are 2500 shepherds on his estates. They have a regular grenadier guard in their pay, and the right of life and death on their estates—English paper-

Loss on THE Conouns or‘ The 69th AT QUA— TRE Baas—As we do not recollect any other instance of a British colour'be'rng captured on the field during the 'war,,we shall explain under what circumstances this battalion was surprised. It formed part of General Halkett’s brigade ofthe 3d, but had been attached to support General Pack’s brigade of the 5th division. Perceivnig that the cuirassiers were about to charge, Pack ordered the 69th to form square; but thema- noeuvre was scarcely completed when the Prince of Orange rode up, and directed the battalion to reform line; before this could be effected, the cuirassiers were amongst its moving diVisions, and in a few minutes out down near 200 men ; the rest of the regiment foutid refuge in the squares of the 42d and 92d Highlanders. The intrepidity shown on this occasion by a volunteer named .Clark, merits notice :.this young soldier, although bleeding from many wounds, was seen contending successfully against several of_the French troops after the route :of his battalion. His heroic conduct was rewarded with a com- mission in the 42d regiment. One of his wounds —of which he had 23, as was certified by Dr. James Bartlet, who dressed him—cost him the use. of an arm.

THE Swonn or Barron—The Sword which King Robert Bruce wielded at Bannockburn has, with his helmet, survived the entire family. Mrs. Catherine Bruce, the last of the Royal house, died in l79l, at a very advanced age: only a short time before her death Burns called upon her, and, though she was almost speechless from paralysis, she entertained him nobly, and conferred the honor of knighthood on him With the Bruce’s two-handed sword, saying she had a better right to grant the title than “ some people.” After dinner, the first toastshe gave, was “ Awa’ uncos!” that is, away with the strangers, which shewed her Jacobite feelings to the house of Ha- nover. The old lady bequeathed the sword and helmet to the Earl of Elgiii, whom she consider- ed the next of kin.

IMPERIAL PARLIAHENT.

HOUSE OF COMMONS, MARCH 9. ABDLITION or CAPITAL PUNISHMENT.

Mr. Ewan'r, on Thursday, moved a resolution, “That it is expedient that the punishment of death be abolished.” He contended that expe- rience of the effects of initigating’sevevre punish- ments ought to induce the Legislature to aflirm his resolution. By reference to criminal statis- tics, Mr. Ewart proved, that‘fmitigation of

said the curate, “ he, of course, will rise again, and then we will all believe in him.” The In- dians were delighted with the idea, and, in their simplicity, determined to proceed according to the suggestions of their pastor. The old Indian was brought forth, and, nolcns volcns, was deco- rated with the thorny crown ; he then received an awful flagellatiou, and, finally, in spite of his entreaties to be exempted from so great and un-

' merited a distinction, was actually crucified. As

soon as the poor Indian was fairly dead,'they took him down, and carried him to the village church, where, having laid him out, they watched him, and waited with intense interest for the third day, when he was to return to life. But before that day arrived, the body exhibited sticli symptoms of dissolution, and began to be so ofi'cnsive, that the Indians already entertained doubts of the le- gitimacy of their god. They held out, however, till the expiration of the third, when finding that there was to be no resurrection, they dragged the body out ofthe church and threw iton a dung- hill. From that time forward they submitted with exemplary docility to the directions oftheir spiritual guide—glIontgomery’s Journey to Gua- temala.- '

Cumous FAMILY REGISTER.—-Tllel’e is a fa- mily in Bolton, that have a Bible containing all their names entered by their father and grandfa- ther, who used to dispense with dates by the fol- lowing plan :—“ l'laivr Jeni wur born i’tli’ Ame- rican war. anr Meary’ wur horn in the great frost. anr Bill wur born wbeuOstler wur kill- ed i’th’ delph. ‘ anr Sally wur born when Gor- sley Meady wur mowii. anr Peggy wur born i'th’ great wind. anr John wur born when Holland wur hung. anr Rubbut wur born when the cow run at my mother i’th Hedger Lone. anr Jenny wur born when Longworth wur gibbeted, on 0th penny pieces wur made. anr Charlotte ivur born when the short peace wur made. Un aw have as bonuy a mark ofa yerring on my ed ase ever you seed in your loife.”

The prospect of peiiury in age is so gloomy and terrifying, that every man who looks before him must resolve to avoid it; and it must be avoided generally by the science of sparing. ,For, though in every age there are some, who by bold adventures, or by favourable accidents, rise suddenly to riches, yet it is dangerous to indulge “apes of such rare events; and the bulk of mankind ,must owe their affluence to small and gradual profits, below which their expenses must be resolutely reduced.

The house of Estcriiazy is probably the most magnificent of the non-reguant houses in the world. That jacket ofjacke‘ts, which is said to cost the Prince £l00 in wear and tear every time it is put on, has already impressed the Eng- lish public with the extent of his possessions;

4 but [heimpressiou falls shortofthe reality. His

estates contain 130, villages, 40 towns and 34 estates. Hehas four country houses as big as

jinn-allies had b":an IuIIuncd by ‘i'g‘...u...h‘nun J crime; that punishment was more certain, and the proportion of convictions ". to" committals greater, since executions had become rare. In a given period previous to the abolition of the punishment of death for many ofl‘énces, the exe- cutions were85; during a similar period after the mitigation of punishments, the executions were 25, while convictions had increased from 1,536 to 1,783. The punishment was mitigated, but impunity for crime was diminished. He referred to France, Belgium, Bo‘mbay when Sir James Macintosh was Judge of the Supreme Court, and to Delhi under thejgovernrnent of Sir Charles Metcalfe, for evidence that the dimi- nution of capital punishments in Europe, and their entire abolition in the parts of India referrer] to, had produced decrease of crime. Murder was virtually the only crime now punished in England with death. But the person who corn- mitted murder either acted from? calculation or sudden impulse: if he acted frcim calculation, the fear of death did not restrain him; if from impulse, be overlooked the cons'equences of his deed: in either case the punishment was unavail- iiig. ~ Public opinion, he contended,‘was against executions even for murder; but at all events, it was the duty ofthe Legislature to humanize the people. It was mostiinpor'tant to impress upon a people the inviolability of human life. He called upon the House to assent to his proposi- tion, and to resign the awful attribute of dispen- sing with humau life into the hands of God who ave it. ' -

Mr. liawn’s seconded the motion. '

Lord JouN RUSSELL repected Mr. Ewart’s motives, and admired the ability his speech dis- played; but he objected to the course he took.

They ought to proceed by bill, if at all. It would lbe unwise to place on theirjoumils a. resolution iwhich might be appealed tolwith great popular jeffect, but which would not make an alteration in the law, or authorize the Judges to infringe it. He disagreed with portions bf Mr. Ewart’s argument. A principal 'reason for abolishing death for horse stealing, larceny in a dwelling- house, and crimes of that description, was the reluctance of juries to subject offenders to pu- nishments disproportioned to ' their crimes: but no such feelings prevailed in cases of murder. Popular sympathy was not excited for a murderer; he believed that few thought that Greenacre’s life ought to have been spared. That, however, was an atrocious case, and Lord John certainly ivished that there could be a distinction drawn between murders of the worst kind and those which approached more nearly to manslaughter. As to Mr. Ewart’s argument,from the fact that ii murderer acted from calculation or impulse, the same might be said of all other crimes. Though an enemy to capital punishments, and rejoicing in the good effects of mitigating them already experienced, Lord John was not prepa- red to go so far as Mr. Ewart. He thought there

, :{p

.was the punishment"!

was'some danger that In cases of atrociousb der, for which the Law forbade death lt‘o e m flicted, a revulsion of public feeling mtg tocc h; and a restoration of capital punishments m'g ecessar . , . beD‘iiidErdisdiiilNo'roN hgreed that in this matter the proceeding ought to be by bill and 110‘ byt'?‘ solution, and he should move an amendmen 0 that effect. He was opposed. to the punishment of death, not because he believed it contrary to the law of God, (an opinion held by a. constde- rable body of persons in_ this country.) bl“ because capital punishment for murder did q‘ot prevent the offence; and he saw. no reasons 05 any punishment, but prevention of crime-an the reformation of the ofi'ender. It waspainful to behold the readiness with which juries con- victed men of atrocious crimes upon imperfect evidence; and it was a fact. lately stated .by Baron Gurney, that the facility of comiction was in proportion to the atrocity of the ofl'ence. But this remark did not apply to casegwhere the punishment was death. Then, the judges, knowing the fallaciousness of human testimony, used all their astuteness io suggest reasons to in jury for acquitting prisoners. Why l—because the law shut the door against further inquiry, and time was not allowed to remedy the conse- quences of false‘ testimony. Witnesses gave their evidence with reluctance, and juries were slow .to convict. . Certainty of punishment was essential; but so long as human life was at stake, the ordinary feelings of humanity would operate with juries, and make them slow to inflict an irretrievable punishment; This must ever be the case; for he would ask any man, in the House—he would ask any man of honour and feelings of religion—whether if he were sitting as a juror, and were asked to pronounce sentence upon his honour, and according to those feelings of religion, he would not require more stringent and complete evidence where the life ofa tellow creature was at stake than when transportation ' He asked, then, whether, on this question of the certainty of‘ punishment, he had not demonstrated that capital punish- ment was not er- necessitate from the nature of man less certain than any other, and whether so long as death was a punishment, judges would not exercise a commendable astuteness and rack their minds to discover some flaw on which to recommend an acquittal to the jury, with a view of providing against the possibility of error and mistake. Being. then, not less anxious for the prevention of crime than for the- protection of innocence, he begged to move as an amendment to Mr. Ewart's motion " for leave to bring in a bill for the abolition of capital punishments.” Mr. Ewnn'r’s resolution was by leave with- drawn, and Dr. Lushington’s motion read from the chair. Mr. GOULBURN noticed an inconsistency in Dr. Lushington’s argument. He had told the House that in proportion to the atrocity of the offence was the readines to convict, yet be main- tained that juries Were unwilling to convict murderers. Mr. Goulburn thought Lord John nuns.” tool: the eight view of the subjoef_ and the public opinion was not adverse to punishing murder with death. By equalizing the penalty for housebreaking and for murder, you hold out a strong temptation to add the crime of murder 'to housebreaking, by which the. only witness might be removed. Mr. Hobhouse, Mr. Muntz, Mr. Brotherton, and Mr. O’Connell argued against the punish- ment of death under any circumstances. Mr. Plumptre, Mr. Fitzroy, and Sir Robert Ingles took the other side. The House, on a division, refused leave to. bring in a bill, by a majority of 161 to 90,

EXTRACTS FROM ENGLISH PAPERS. Desertian of Soldiers from the Army in Cannrla.——We have, of late, noticed in the Canada papers several instances of the desertion of soldiers from our Provinces into the United States. The subject was alluded to in the House of Commons, in the Committee ofSupply on the Army Estimates. On that occasion, Mr. Mac- aulay, Secretary at War, spoke as follows :— The next vote to which he had to call the at- tention of the‘Committee, was £10,000 for the formation of a veteran battalion in Canada, where desertions had occurred to an extent un- known elsewhere. About six years ago, an in- quiry had been made, and it was found—there being there at that time, 2500 rank and file— that desertions had taken place to the number of 663, while, during the same period, the deser- tions from the whole British army had been only 3240.

Those desertions in Canada had not been con- fined to bad and disreputable characters: non- commissioned officers and men of respectability and good conduct had deserted. Nor was this system of desertion to be ascribed to distress— for_many had gone away, leaving behind them their necessaries and arrears of pay. Why deser- tion should take place more frequently in North America than in any other part of the empire, it was not difficult to explain. .

In Britain, the situation of the soldier was as comfortable, he might say (more so, than that ofthe labourers—to which class, generally, the soldier belonged. In many of the Colonies, phy- sical difficulties opposed themselves to flight. When in Malta, the soldiers were surrounded by sea; when at the Cape, .they could only escape from their quarters to fly to the haunts of sava- ges; and as to India, he could imagine no situa- tion more miserable than that of adeserter in that country—wandering amidst its vast regions, amongst a people of a strange race and colour,

and his footsteps pursued by the power of the

British law. - ‘ But, with respect to the American Colonies,

the case was widely different. There the faci-

. lities of escape tothe United States were many, and_the temptations strong. ‘ The soil wu'flour-

ishin nndthe labourof wii s high. 1““ sequegrice Was, that these high In cs, more, the exaggerated representations ‘ a ut forth of the ease and luxury enjoy ‘ liabourcr in America, had constantly 4rd ’ our soldiers from Canada. I I Several plans had been proposed fix . this evil. It had been proposed, and but - , 4 wisely, that Canada should bctbc last i - rotation to which the troops on Coloni. should besent. There would that b. . " number of men with additional and good duct pay, and those higher adyuncos I l. to keep the men faithful to their colours, , It had also been thought, that adv would arise, and the temptations to whi‘c‘fi I adverted be counteracted, if the Co. were to hold out, to the troops in Can-dc, ' g of military retirement, which shouldn’t. “, reward to those who remained faithful“ colours. ,' . Such had been the opinion of hill...» ,. friend the late Secretary at War, luff; Seaton ; and he (Mr.'Macnulay)‘ had ’r‘y ' believe that opinion was generally only" I. amongst those who passessed their“! in I i ‘ tion on the subject. ‘ ' g - y The precise details of the plan had noton . .‘ ’ made out, and much correspondence must to ‘ place before it could be produced ; but as its,“ not improbable, that, before the House again sembled, some Regiments would be rcmovgd from Canada, it would be desirable that -..v ‘ men of good character should be induced main there. On these grounds, he was-indncodv-v ', to ask the House for the additional grant of £10,~ , 000 on account. ‘ , ~

An extraordinary case of trim. cm. was tried-i on Friday last in the Sherifl's’ Court, Surrey, in. which_the defendant, a private in the Guards,. suffered judgment to go by default, and the Jury' gave damages against him of five hundred pounds. The injured plaintiff was a solicitor; and ' 7 wife was an educated and accOmplished waning, In reference to this fact the Timcs\says—and ' hope the remark may sink deep into the mi' of all who read it —‘f The lady appears to be ‘ _ Of those persons who, having been taught tonsil,» ‘ has abused that power by the perusal of tr i ’ ' novels and rhodomontade verses. An irn ' ' number of 'liberally educated’ girls waste time in the. same manner. In fact, what i ed an accomplished and liberal education country, is very frequently a mere locum. _ the morals and corrupter of the principles, and ' sure preparation for very ‘ liberal cond ‘ ‘, 4 9 We are convinced that incalculable misc " a. , done by the excessive,—we had almost on g 1 clusive care which is lavished'upon the cial education of too many females in the - _, day. They are taught elegantaccomplishmi ; but solid acquire’ments are too frequently; _ gotten. 1' A Hindoo, named Gobin Chunder Goat-n, inhabitant of Balee, died lately. leavingno ‘ than one hundred widows—(Asiatic In ~ '1‘}.- Mnrqnis of Waterford has ' brought lions from Africa, and tamed them; they ',, ,3 with him in his bedroom, and they follow u , tamer when he walks out. He has sold two Batty, the circus rider. . ‘ The Queen has given John Lander’s \t a pension.