I

EFEBRUARY 1s. 1929-

Look upat this sky-

scraper," the size

the good, twist . , you swap a few cents for when you ask for

A HGAICREY g

niniouou t

-.—\\Bl.ACK'I'WlST// (LHEWINO.

Farming and Agri culture :- l lTllzeFarllLibrary

of

SEED ORDERS

seed catalogues are now current mature, and the annual discussion (what seeds to order is furnishing icresi. in the family circle. Seeds rqthe cheapest commodity on the rkct. A pint of peas represents a ccdly saving of cash during the ummer months. Sweet corn means ore money saved, and in each case a vastly higher quality product for he table than can be bought in the srlret, '

Select seed liberally so there will w a sufllcient supply if any of the arly or first planted crops fail for ome reason or another. Buy enough |- as for three or four plantings. The me precaution is advisable for tring beans. Have the seeds at hand when you want to plant them. Send

Reduces sir-rc- and Puffy

. Ankiss, Lymph ogitis, Pol"

Evil, Fistula, Bolts, Swsiiings; STOPS Lamsnoss and aiiays

pain. HEALS Sores, Cuts Bruises, Boot VChafes. ‘ It is r.

Sofa Antiseptic and Garmlclde. Doss not hlistur or ramove the hair, a d ho a can be worked. Pleasant to use. $2.50; dslivarad. Describe your case fdr instructions and Book 5 R Ina

l Mona. lac. ui LvnansBldaJlonkall

in orders early and there will be no delay in starting the garden as soon as the weather permits.

' Depend chiefly on varieties oi vegetables you know from your own or your neighbors’ experience will succeed in your locality. There is a decided difference in the behavior of different varieties of some vegetables under varying conditions. Try a, nov- elty or two in the various vegetables you like, but test the novelty firs: before depending upon it for the main crop. Then there can be no dis- appointments.

Try some oi the new large thick- leaved spinach .The old-fashioned small-leaved sort isn‘t worth garden room in comparison. You can shut your eyes and stab the name of a radish with a pencil and not go wrong, there are now so many of them. ‘

Get in head lettuce seed for an early start if you wish to make a suc- cess of it. Head lettuce is a lest. of a gardeners skill_; if he can make it produce good solid heads he may qualify as an expert. It must be started early and transplanted. The flnest varieties oi’ tomatoes are not often in stock in plants when you want them. It is best to raise your own plants. Order seeds now.

Try some of the new sweet corn

(Experimental Farms Note.)

The isrrn library shouldprovide inspiration. recreation and instruc- tion to meet the growing needs of each member of the home. This is a. very wide order. as tastes and re- quirements differ. ‘and change con- tinually from childhood to maturity. The books that find a permanent place in the farm library _should be individually owned and treasured. because they have supplied some need in the development of the home life.

The home library that is most cherished, _is the one that is slowly built up‘ by getting a book at a time that really fills a need in life. We all know the place that a few trea- sured books have taken in our own lives. The‘ characters in these form- ed our ideals; they taught us how others have lived. loved. toiled, stri- ven against odds that formed char- acter. and developed men and wo- men. honoured not onLv in their day and generation but throughout all time. We know from the biogra- turn their lives into paths that led to honour and distinction. 1

Librarians wholive among books can give you a great deal of assist- ance. Make friends .of .them, tell them your requirements. get them to give you the names-and addresses of reliable L ‘ a and publish- ers. Get them to show -you how to make thebest use of the great loan- ing librarics, civic. provincial and federaL-i Inthisway you can fre- quently have a chance to read a book before buying it. This is a great aid in choosing the right. one for the farm library. Librarians can, as W811. suggesnmagazinea that contain reviews of books worth having. Pub- lishers are glad to send their cata- logues to interested people: through these you may locate books that are worth while. books that seem like old friends. as you go back to them from time to time.

In this way the farm library will grow up with the family and contain story books. biographies. poetry. his- tory, books on religion. travel. inven- tion and science. Among the books of science those on agriculture will have a. convenient shelf by themsel- ves, for they are the invisible tools that lighten our every task in the great workshop of farm life.

LONG enact: Receipts from the bazaar were $81.05, and it was de- clded that $50.00 be given to the

Hall company. All bills in connec-

tion with the bazaar were ordered paid, and the following articles were to be bought for hail: gasoline

lamp. two window blinds, two win- dow curtains and two door curtains.

A pa-triotic calendar wa sbought and placed in school. Readings were

given by Della MacLeod, Margaret MacArthur. Myrtle MacLeod, Mrs. Dan ‘Stewart; Plane of next meeting ls

MacEive rind Mrs. Nell

home of lifrs. Norman MacLean.

crosses ‘that give Golden Bantam

-flavor with bigger cobs. There is a

tempting list from which to select for a feast of fresh vegetables rightat the back door all summer.

f:

the language.

New Universities Dictionary Enlarged Vocabulary "

Self Pronouncing

Right up to date. equipped with the latest words in

A Dictionary of Radio words and Terms

of every day errors, of forms and addresses, of Com- merce and Law, of Aviation, of Lacrosse, of bolLBase- , bail, Football, Boxing» Basketball, Yachting, Language

of Gems, Wedding Anniversaries, Birthstone, Time and _ - its variations, Language of Flowers, Single Flower!’ CA i Dictionary of foreign words and Dhrasfts‘ facts abmlt stile earth. Population of the earth by continents. The, metric system of weights and measures.

All this and a lot more for only 98 cents and one pon. "Now is the time to get a real handyDictionary at.

‘a very small cost. \ _ ,

Dictionary.

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ToTheGuardian, Charlottetown, P. E. I.

Enclosed please find‘. . . . Cents for University

~o

cou.

: ' Special Feature

i rue cnAizixi-"rrerowu confirm»:

I NEWSY FARM wuss»

i ' By Agricola

l

DRAINAGE AND THE ORCHARD

There is likely, I gather, io be a greater activity in orchard planting this Spring, than has been the casc for some years. _ It behoves all ta be careful in the selection oi the site of the orchard since this is oneiof the most important factors to b: dealt with. ’ ’

Mr. D. ‘A: Kimball, lecturer on horticulture at‘ the o. a. 0.. Guelph, says:- ' U

"In these competitive days there is little money 'to be madefrom or- chords on poorly drained lands." It has long been felt that soil type was first to be considered in the planningfoi‘ on orchard, but it is being discovered that faulty soil con- ditions can be overcome to a great

age. 1

Many soils, which are inciinedtobe heavy, can, with efficient drainage andcare, be made to produce heavy crops of good fruit. Shallowness of soil is a difficulty hard toiovercome. and is, perhaps, a good reason to look around more carefullybeiore plant- ing an orchard. Fertilizers and any amount of drainage and care will be of little avail in correcting this fault.

Quality Stressed.

Quality of fruit has, in the past. been stressed a great deal to fruit growers, and is an important factor in maintaining our fruit markets. But, attractiveness of ‘the fruit itself is becoming more and more c major consideration. Customers will buy a. medium quality of fruit. if it is suf- ficiently attractive to thcm, 1t, lg hard to secure both the highest qual- ity Bud at the same time produce the rnost attrsclve fruit, so growers will do well to remember that it is the eye of the customer that docs the buy- ing.

Surprising Results

Undoubtedly a higher color of fruit will be produced in the lighter types of soils, but it is being proved that drainage plays a very important part here. It would be surprising, to many. according to Dr. Kimball, to see the results which are being ob- tained on properly drained heavy types of soil. Sunlight, of course, comes in as an important factor in ¢0l0rlng and the proper spacing of the trees at the time of setting out will be fcund to pay for itself many times over, in a long period of years.

THE HOG MARKET

The hog market has been perplex- ing this season. Early izst year 1 ventured to predict higher prices for pork in the fall, and sure enough for a month or so it brought prices which meant a profit to the producer. But this was nob destined to last; for hogs, unlike cattle, cannot be held over for a better market. They must be got ‘out around the 200-11». limit or the price is cut. As a conse- quence thousands of them go out when they are ready, not when the market-is randy, and this tends to uncertainty and lower prices. But for all that, taking the industry steadily and sticking to it year by year. the’ owner of a brood sow or two, will find the production of fin- ished hogs a profitable proposition.

INFLUENZA

The Guardian. of Feby 13th, in "Notes by the Way," gave a thought- ful review of the history of this t “ epidemic. The British ahiemorandum recommending the following precautions.

“(D The sick should be separated from the healthy. This is spec- ially important in the case of first attacks in a locality or a house- hold. '

“(2) The sputa. (splttle) of the sick shouldhespecially in the acute stage of the disease. be received into ves-

l sols containing disinfectants. In- fectad-artlcles and rooms should be cleaned and disinfected. ‘ '

necessary assemblages of persons ' should be avoided.

. "(D Buildings and roomsin which

many people necessarily congregate should be efficiently aerated and cleansed during the intervals of oo- nip-rich. ~,- ffrbass rules are common-sense rules. biitin most cases they are not carried out bore. It is the excep- tion ‘to find dny attempt tn isolate a can. “Indeed for a person to be sick.‘ seems an Uocaaion for visiting him-regardless of exhausting the patient. and of spreading the infec- tion. . ' _ Ir William, Broadbsnt.» recom- mended a a preventive. quinine. in

~'~\ /

‘a two-zrazn docs every morning and

quotas» two sous of its prowl!"

\

extentby proper soil and air drain-l

Local ‘Government Board has issued-

fi!) 'When influensa threatens, un-I

power "In a large public school it was ordered to_ bstaken every imorning. ,Some of the‘ boys...were F home boarders and it was found that ' while the boarders at the school ‘took ‘the quinine in the presence of a pziaster every morning, there were l ‘scarcely any cases of influenza among ‘them. although the home boarders "suffered nearly _as much as before." And ho continues, "in alarge girls’ school. . .the same thing‘ was ordered, and the girls and the mistresses took their morning dose, but the servants ,1 were forgotten. The result was that {scarcely any girl. or mistress suffered awhile the servants were‘ all ‘down “with influenza." ‘ l And the articleconcludes with the

isensible advice that persons, attack-l

led should at once seek rest, warmth and medical treatment, and that they should bear in mind that the risk of relapse, with serious complications, constitutes the chief disease. ' ‘ .

VARIETIES‘ OF OATS FOR TI-IE MARITIMES

(Dominion Dept. of Agriculture.)

In the growing of oats Banner con- tinues to hold a prominent place in many parts of Canada. At the Nap- pan, Nova Scotia, Experimental ,Farm, in an average of five" years, ‘Banner and Victory have shared the top position from time to time with Victory slightly in the lead over the five-year period, the yields being 71 bushels to the acre for Victory‘ and 68.2 bushels ‘for the Banner variety. Gold Rain fell about 2lbushels to the acre lower than Banner. In his Report of the Station for 1927, published by the Departmnst of Ag- riculture at Ottawa, the Superintend- ent expresses the view that Gold Rain must be regarded as aln excep- tionally good variety running high in weight per measured bushe‘. and hsv- ing a fairly low percentage‘ of hull. The variety Alaska ripens consider- ably earller than the other sorts, giv- ing a ‘yield of sac bushels to the acre and is well suited for growing with a six-rowed barley in mixed grain. This variety also has a low percent- age of hull. A hulless varietynamed Laurel yielded 50.3 bushels‘ to the acre when figured at the rate oi 34 pounds per bushel. . Mr. Baird, the Superintendent. states in his Report that_this variety is finding favour cs a feed for poultry and young pigs on account of its hulless quality.

APPLE HARVESTING INVESTIGATIONS

(Dominion Dept. of Agricultural Harvesting the applacrop has been made the subject of/ipecisi study at the Summeriand, B. 0.. Experimental Station; The superintendent, Mr. W. T. Hunter, in his report for 1927 published by the Department exhu- riculture. gives the results of careful study concerning the influence ' of harvesting dates on “breakdownf in the flesh and on the-development of "scald." In the question of color, it was fcund ‘that the McIntosh reaches its highest colour on October 2nd, Jonathan and Delicio_ on Oc- tober 17th. Rome Beauty and Wag- ener on October 24th.‘ ‘_ Breakdown, which is a condition of decay causing a. softening and dis- colouration of the flashfwas shown to be closely associated with the date oi‘ harvesting. The Jonathan, for instance, harvested on October, 2nd. went through the storage season ,wlthout "breakdown." Fruit har- vested later at dates a week apart ishoived increasing amounts of "break- down" after a short period oi’ stor- age. Fruit picked on the 23rd of the month showed fully ‘forty per cent injury. Grimes Golden left on ‘.the trees until October 18th develop- !cd a slight damage from "breakdown" after be'ng stored mil-ll the middle of Jairuzry. Deliclw-r showed no in- ‘jurl; of ihltkiivi i.‘ harvested not ‘gator than the lGLh of October. From experiments carried out no inlury iii-om thisfause was recorded for Mc- Intosh and Newton, even from int-ii

harvcstctfiato in the season. '

Many other phases ofthls question _

‘are dhcussed in this report, which deals exhaustively with‘ experimental work with vegetablu, forage crops, and tobacco. ‘

uoimcutrcnai. convention n: sssxarcnswitn

Today commences a two-days‘ rally of l-iortiouiturhta, at Saskatoon.

As this is the first provincial-wide" convention the dopartment of al- riculturs la paying the expenses of one official delegate from each soci- ety. There are eight societies that have taken out/charters, but a vary» large number that have not ‘mm

5-’-

danger ’ of the '

l, well as 601M 3.802;; 5:: being grown. It is hOPE-d that a winter variety may be devel‘ oped from these which will meet the demand of the gmii; growers.

cities of Jillian-

dona so, and it is expected that more “Q

an?

NEW VABIETIES 0F APPLES. (Experimental Farm Note.) .Many varieties of apples are suc-

' cessfuily grown in various parts of

New Brunswick. A reduction in the number of these and the choice of better varieties would be of decided advantage to the growers and would further promote the industry. Var- ieties such as Fameuse and McIn- tosh, during their season leave little to be desired in so far as quality of fruit is concerned. Winter varieties of equal quality cannot be generally grown , and the introduction of a

hardy winter variety of extra good quality and color with the other desirable qualities would be a boon to the industry.

Apple breeding work has been

carried on _ by the Exper imental Farm System under the direction of‘ Mr. W. T.

Mncoun, Dominion Horticulturist for many year. A few new varieties of commercial value have been sel- ected from many thousand produced Other varieties promise to be of value but have not yet been suffic- iently tested. _New varieties ~which promise to be of value are Melba,

Lobo, and Sarldow. Melba is a Mc-_

Intoch seedling that is in season during the month of September. The fruit is fairly‘well covered. medium sized‘ and of 800d Qlliilily

resembling McIntosh, somewhat in‘

flavor. The tree is hardy, Vigorous. and shapely, This variety is super- lm- m quality and flavor to any 0! the older varieities of the same seasongrown in the province.

Lobo is a. McIntosh seedling of exceptionally good color’ and animal" ance. The quality l5 800d but "Qt quite equal to McIntosh. The tree lS hardy and a vigorous QPOWCY- n5 gsuon approximates that of the wealthy and closely parallel that of the McIntosh; as a variety it 15 superior in many WW8 W Wefiuhy- but since its season so closely PEPE" llels McIntos ' it is of doubtful value unless can be used for p01- lination with McIntosh and at thii: station it is a day or two m" -loomin .

ggndow is a. Northern spy seedling. The tree appears V? be hardy" n vigorous in its habits of groww and q good cropper in alterriau years. The fruit is O1 800d 51"- a

color and IOOd qlllul/Y- 1n m“ 1am‘

respect it is superior tonorthern spy apples grown at this stationin-

Efforts to obtain a desirabelw t ter variety are being persisted l‘ "

this station. Five thousand seedllfli?! of McIntosh. N°rth°m SPY 599d‘.

, l Russet .and ‘ma!’ hobo’ God?“ special

New Brunswick

Fame“ 5nd (mtg, growers who

‘would 111;; to procure a few scions

of Melba. to test the same

1, b0, or Sandow in order

° m its"; -nay obtain these by Wmmm‘ a n ‘Wm, the superintendent oflcttx Expefllnfifli/fll Station. FFEd" '

,M°l‘e than 2.500.000 ‘families in Eng-

land have taken out radio licenses.

Sewers are being introduced into

Bankruptcies in Turkey are in-

dressing in. number.

Wm be 5100 per cent representation or about 59 1191mm m “"- Aimme

interested in the development of hor- iflgujtufg 1g welcome to attend.

It is expected the convention will be- come an annual event. "A very at- ijfacflvg programme has been pre-

pared.

' facts.

" an opportunity of starting to devel-

at

The Cooling Of \ MilkAfl Cream

Patrons of Cheese Factories and; , reamcries should see to it that a? sufficient quantity of ice is secured: this winter to properly cool their‘ milk and cream during the hot weather. Lack of proper cooling ‘of either of these commodities means a loss to the shipper. Poorly cooled milk means less cheese, of a lower, grade, and in many cases a complete loss of the milk. Insufficient cool- ' ingot‘ cream also means a lower, grade at the creamery and a corres- ponding lower price.

To get_the best results from cool~ ing it should be done immediately af- ter a milking or separating. A large i quantity of milk has a tendency to warm the water and hold the tem-Z perature up instead of reducing it: So if the farmer had a cake of icei ti" put in the water or coulrimakc use of the cold water pumped for the stock by an overflow from the cool- ing tank it would save him a lot of labor.

l

The advantage of using ice and water in preference i0 the water alone is shown from the following Suppwe a‘ farmer has 100 ‘ pounds of milk to cool. The temper- ature of the milk is about 00 degrees, and lie puts enough water in a tub to raise above the milk in the can, at a temperature of 55 degrees. The- oretically the temperature of the milk will not fall below 72.5 degrees. Example, 90 plus 55 equals 145. clivirl-

a temperature of less than 63 and. three quarter degrees. Example 72.5 l‘ plus 55 equals 127.5. divided by 2‘ equals 63 and three quarter degrees. In

i ter had to be changed twice. The l conclusion is that the ice is required 1 to obtain practical results in cooling. In using ice and water taking the 100 i

s5 End 10o pounds of milk, adding 2o f X pounds of ice, the temperature of I the water is at once reduced to 32 de- z grees. Make the same calcula- 0 lions as above. Example. 90 plus 32 equals 122, divided by 2 equals 6i é degrees. A difference of 11.5 degrees l in favor of water and ice mixed. The ‘ z mostcommendable feature of ice is ‘ ¢ quick cooling before the acid gctsgé