i . 21's..

PAGE roux‘ I I'll! LIIIIIILIITTEIIIWII GIIIIIIIIIAII

ltllllll] Dally ilolndod II llfll

rrenuent. Llelll. Uul. w undue: n. Mel-m n“ pruiueut: J. I. Burnett. lJ-l. pecreluj; uuul. Uul D A Mucmnuuu 0.5.0. fiflllzll AMI Managing uuucm J l. Btu-nun. l-J-L Aamuuu lidllun: bran; Wllkel and In A. blrull SUBSCRIPTION KATII

B; aunt Ill land. sum 9m rim; ital: l0! 6 lwllllh

#15 luv 3 lllllnlflr, 50c ful out month um l¢~n\\ll] seam pen real. ail-W HI h unllllll

$1.1; m; d mullslli; O00 [OI IIII Illllll.

By Mint t0 omen rruvuwu and U. 5. A aw pa! ylll

nun-n). on... yin yu-J, old!) llll I llllllllll we lul a niunull

fi-“muu;

hm Qunrlinieiuiiii Cuurutuu uinj In outlined cl

hulllllln-h nruh “bur; Imm- uquitn. huh luri| tllu nutuu mm- “; tutllrl um. and Nnnluuilon bunnlll; nus in. Atm- ap-m-g till foul Ik ‘huulfgul; .1 oql ui-j at nuruinw hull thud. than-nu IAIUII . Ill lrh w“ inmL uudnun

Uni. uiiii l in».

"The bfrungest iIl-uuury ts Weaker "IN! ll‘ tr eurcesl Ink." Thumb‘ bin‘, JLLY 2, 1912.

Mr. Power's Attitude

1r "ciiiiiiii," Power l5 ciiiitiielied tqgwatt his 591g in llllLlJL‘! ltcctuot- of hi5 "all 01“ News on the c tiiiittci of til.‘ war, he may still rentuin .\lui- L-ttrr of .\ir as .‘ilr. lit-urge LIritick-sliank has 0f- fcml 1,, “nqnp his sutil iii Fraser Valley, B. C. Ill 111s lititr. llt- sitvs ljitrriils, YOIISCFVBIIYBS 3W1

L t‘ 1Q", “utultl :3,“- ltini an actlillilkltltlfl. ll _\i.~. init- l‘ llltl lltll cuIIYiIu-‘Q his "W" “F” Mllttidlls . (L'l'l;llill_\' llllltlL‘ a strong impression

m, m, t; .i in’ tliiriihi in lllL‘ stwtcch which he de- lIl t1..- ilt-lrttt- oii lllt‘ iiiiiciidmcnt t0 the \,»,_ 1|,-,~.- i.- “ (hZUYICIQFISIIC passage,

livvviil

-jt,t-.ti;_t_-n tht- ambiguity in “(Jpn 11,- l‘t':|i|¢ hllllislvl‘ and other Govern- ntiit; |ll;‘lllll'.‘l'\' lllltl tziltcti rt-fuge. '|‘j,i_- i _ tong (ttfllllfll school. which ile- kliiiziila Ullll best be dcfetided bv IIS \'\ ri-tttittitittg within its own boutidar- Mt; l‘.t\v~r, "IIITSQIII; [1 very pcctililir ' h ltUliIItliS l Illfl\' illustrate in this wav.

to {our wcclvs ago we sent to tilt! l< :i iiutiib.-i- of (‘iiiiatltan Squad-

. i < lllt‘ of which wore commanded by p >srviil their 1t]II\I‘(‘llllCl“.~'lll[) in the battle who returned_

(.9 l-Iriiziiii. li'ittlt'-.<t":ti‘i'eil licrocs f; ' ‘ ' til who arc now commaitdtng our u .\l:i~ ' ltiilf-tvzit- round the world ovcr

'l‘liesc men believed

. i tli-v \\ (igriiiziiiv, tit-I 11* iiutvh :i~ tltov believe now when tht-t art- ii'~.lt'-tv;it~ r-ttiitd tilt‘ world iii the other (ll lion that th._,~ \\t'l‘C‘ ilcleiiiling Canada. \\-'c lt-ivc httl lll c tttitfiiiitt lKCfllliC of the fact that t .-u s lll"fli'tli'.\ ll-‘YC bct-u Srtit i0 :\i85i<H; Yet 3

- t11,'tt_i will llltllrflle (hilt f0 the Ellll Ian islziutls i< 4,500 miles from OI-

uutstiu " of tli: .

tattn; n. iln- .»ltiii"<*- of Britain is only 3,000 mile-s- lt t'< alto-w. it. far from Prince Rupert to the .>\'<*uti:itt i~l:iit'l~ its frotu Rvtlney to Liverpool‘, so .')lll' lllNi Illll it \‘.'l'\‘ difficult to understand why fl irc \ilI\llltl-ll' tii -rt- ri-liictailce to move rast- \\_"ll'll thhn tit llllwc wcsltvard, and why we can ‘t -:ti~r tlUi-Fllll ("ziitrulit oit our front line than on iln- ii;l-_~t_~ Uiir vitctiiics feel that the only \\ 1l\' tit it iii victorv is to seek out those whom "it t" wi-Tt to do-‘irivv. wherever they may he. aIId

tl slrov tliciit. \\'c in the ;\ir Force feel exactly Iltc satitc \v:i_v. \\'e kitow that for everv aircraft -l =ti-tt_t-oit ill flll ziircralt factory in Aiizsbitrg. ivltcré our ntcu l(‘(l a raid ottl_v a few weeks ago; ftit t-vvrt boitih or shill tlcslroved in blasting the litiipit frictorv, iii which raid Canadians took such a iirigiiificciit part and for every bomber brouqltt don-n over the Iinglish cliaitticl. there is .'III(‘ loss ltititilt or shell. one less aircraft or our lass lzoiitlt-w- which tttigltt conic to Canada and ltozttlt us. We lti-liiivc that the best and only tvav p»- fl"ft‘llil (‘iiiiiiila is take the offensive outside Canada."

Catiadu is \Var Metal Depot

Accciiiiiig Csiiiiitliiiii efforts to produce strate- gic w:ir metals and tniiicrals iii a time when an ZlCltlL‘ sititriiigi: ltzis tlcvclttpcil, the Northern .\Iin- ci» lifts i-wiii-il Elm jtlllltlfll iiiititlicr, consisting of 128

p._ iiittl iticlitiliitg a sheet depicting the needed ntittoral- iii ltittr colors.

\\'i:lt lh;- (till of Dominion and Provicial att- tltori i " w "l-altlc series of articles has been [irovi , i; g tbiit the Dominion possesses 1 tiiili: I‘illl'_"-.‘ of iii'it_-r:il~". thc commercial de-

vcloptttiitt of which hits been neglected, largely b:c:iii~c of ttlllCt‘ available sIIIIYCES of supply. “'8? on l7lllfl Zlilll FRI! lifts clmerl the channels of import

and (an l:i is forcrrl to sock within her own itotutili < tlto<<- itvc . v materials tvithotit tilt‘ 4t \‘.'.'I" Ufllllltll lto uicvcssiiillv coiiditctcrl.

.\li'lQllt‘<llllll, lll(‘l't‘lll'_\‘, tungsten, fluorspar. Il'1'iII.':'tit<\~i-, nticzi and other ttiinerals and metals arc itotv in proiltiction for the first time on a com- IIY” l >\"I‘ll'. Nlorvovrr, tho search for new dc- po-t s ltciiti; ~ll'IIIILfl\' stinuilatctl.

Production of <ll'.'Itt‘QiC minerals and metals is n vlu-rlt- Q‘!t'll‘llt‘tl secret in wartime. However. the (‘"ti'~i"'tit .‘-l' ' ,-t~ of llittrs and Resources, Hon.

'll~ii< .\. . stiles in this isstlc that the t-"ltic of i- l‘l""lllt“i"'ll tv'll hr- “well itt excess o‘ .°"\~tt~,i~<i_itt~<t" iit mil. This will represent a grtio of T"‘l'll.'lII< fiitooooooo i" a single year. Qr-v i-tt‘ sir: .l -s Ilf"1l with the progress alreadv n "-l~ ‘u ilurtrtititt o.’ achicvcincnt of metal suffi- r’ ~ fr" (‘tr- lli-itittioit nnil suggesting further F‘ ‘ 1 I' ‘I Il"“' h- l'll\’(‘ll. looking to future inter-

nwtirrfld l"‘ll’lililll‘.§. The Manpower Question

Cotttittztirhtig on tlti~ loiig-ilraivn-out dcbave over ctrt- "t-iofi ‘ll. tlti- Witmiprg Frrc Press (Lib- et-stil n -I~-" '.h it_. Wrattrtliitnrv as it may seem. the f7»: T““"“t‘l ."!t f rs lo have no filial and au- ll" '.i tztltrliliiti m‘ Vrittavlian manpower in ‘l '- I"IIIII which it can rolv as it d!‘- t il ' "ils iif its prilicv of Iltaxllllltnl \\'.'ll' llti" -\ fitgttrrs which ccrlaiitlt‘ lend- ’ll inttv-vdon that (‘nnadn wmt‘d

("l I '--t~»

but‘ lo rho-watt iii Ilt~ IIf‘.'lf‘ futtirc ltviwccit u l"t"- t" ""l“‘ will rt "rllittiy off iII Ill!‘ tirorlttctoii of r» “Iiti t- , wrri" fI'l'lIIllf‘1ll\' tit-part- 11. tint‘, [I'm-Tito lii- statviucitt on tht-sc figures.

Mr. IIOwc made this observation:

t’

THE FHARI-QTTEIQVIZL“

power pool is not unlimited. We have encount- cred many SIIOfIagB5 as the gap between supply and demand has become narrower. With the ad- ditional demands, which are coiitiiiuiitts, the gap is constantly narrowing further. Ii follows there- fore tliat if we are to continue our vast pro- gramme zirid at the same time meet the require- ments of the armed Services, it is essential that we maintain a satie balance, and that we do not adopt, on emotional rather than on logical grounds. any policy which will unnecessarily up- set that balance and hittdcr one or other of the all-important IJIIZISCS of our war effort."

It is pretty plain, sat-s the Frcc Frogs, that a “satie balance" is ncces-"arv and that in rcaclting it then- grg citnsitlcrzitioiis and factor; “inn which the Government ltas not yet come to grips, Exact official inforiitatioii as to manpower. its present distribution and its pfiSfiiliilltilfiq of transference for the strr-ilgllivllili! "f our war effort apparctit- lv is not as vct availzibl-c. TllCrQ is cvidciicc that with this itiforiniitiitii available, as doubtless it will hr shortly, there is likclv to b0 disagreement as to the prrcctttagcs of iiriitptitvcr allocation that <ilfilllfl go to tho uitliitg of Ilis- "satin halancc." OIICP Ill.“ fiPvkR are cl .1'I‘tl by tho pa-"agc of the legislation ttotv lwfori- lhirliatttottl. the (“iovcrn- ntctit will be faced with this prohlciti ;aud no ntore evidvttrr- i< nccdt-rl than tho ilisctiuiiiii-i in Parlia- IIIPIII Ilht there will have to b;- vdiustutcuts of opinion if the indispensable need for a practical policy on thr- rptcsliou of tttattpowci‘ is lo be mct.

— EDITORIAL N()TF§-

Sir \\'. ll. Bzigg, tll>llllglll5llCtl scientist ant]

president of the British .\.-"sociiitioii, born this l

date i803. >Il >I< >k 10K

The Nazis art.- citilczivottriiig tii itrotcct Bcr- p

lin and home b_\' a itoii-btiiiiiiiiig zigreciuciit. but having already blitzcd London they inust stircly hiivc hccu otttuiitstic it tlicy cxpcctctl Britain I0 filtiil any sticli part.

tables show Liitiailiaii iucoiitc taXcS still tire lwlvtv lllc lii-itislt lcvcls. Such couitiiirisoiis do not tell the wliolc story. liotvcver, t\llllllL‘l|)£ll rates are higher in this coiintrjz and there is nothing in thc United lxiiugdoiti to COl'l‘('§pI)ll(l to our pm,“ IIICPS with llIClI" tax-levying powers.

II‘ >l< >II i‘

The new tax on furs is twcttty five pcr cc-nt leucd Ofldllt? value of ‘the furs and tltc charges for (Ill'C5>ll1g"Zlll(l (lyctiig and I5 collcctaltlc. as IIFYCIIIIQYP- iilv 1-’ 1W1‘ cont cnitsuntption or sales lax on_fttrs wltcti Ill(‘$t* wcrc sold n) lig- cnsetl utatiittacttircrs or lici-tisc-tl \\'lItJlv\"Il£‘I'S i135 been CFIIICPIlt-d ziiiil all fur dressers and (IYEFS ltave been inforiiit-tl that the new 25 im- cent excise tax applies to all furs.

>l< >I¢ Is

Billlle 0f Mflrflltlli Xloorc, I(iJ__l, Fitugltt on a moor seven IIlllC< tvcst of Yin-k, l)gt\\re(in the

I . '. v _ . l\0_\3.lIsiS ituilcr Piytiltc- Rlllltrt and inc Yarn-pp "mmmIY "ml Srtiltislt artttics iiiiilct‘ the liarl of KIITIIFIIYFIPI". lfird Fairfax ziiul lfiril Lcvrit The a . ' ,. , , _ U _ I . .‘ l lwlallfit .:iiii__\ ua~ dt ftaliil, and by nightfall lIIl-(i _ n __ . . . ct-"Isul lf7'(‘.\l>f. Sonic of Rupert c fnfll rcgtttit-ttls madc their wav to York, but tn.» (llfiplfilfld gar- r.son only bcld out for .1 fiti-tiitglit.

II‘ if‘ >I< >l<

The Dfillllllltlll liurcan of Olily I1 few CXCCPIIOIH to a gcticrzilltt promising outlook for tht‘ field crops ftCfogg Canmpp ,-\]1 til-rec of the IFIIIIFIC Provtticc; are expect“ m stow sotitc_ciii"tailiii<-itt iii wheat acreage and a subslatitizil iucrczisi- itt tltt- ainoititi hf Linn] qqwq to barley and flax. .\llli$ltll't' vontlitiiiiis lint-c been favourable [in most ;ll'(‘JI\‘_ ti}. mp] rune‘ when, “as “ITITIIZIIIE SIX turbos in lictgltt with uioisture gcitcrallv good, This v ‘s spring “twat pm- ‘WW5 Fire rrszardiwl ofti.t.ill_v as butter than aver- age and briglitcr ilmn rit this period last year,

=i= at 4i

§tiitistitx< reports

III

Considerable curiosity and conjecture has bf?" C3115!“ by the letter coupons marked .~\ B C and E attached to the sugar ration cards in iiddmoi] to the {We itiimbcrcd cottbtiiis at the

ottoni of each cziril, The sugar Cullputtg arc sufficient for the stipulated ‘rt-n “-c~¢]\~5’ [ml-ion totererl by llic tciiitiiii-art- ration card and thcrc IS no indication on the card as to what the m. tcr tags ittav he fitr, It has lVJCII cxttliiinctl that the letter cotipolls are “sttiudhv units" for p05- ugfhgili Cci-(IjliflnlllgllifitliiCllftlrfitifwy riltlOlllllfil of S“, __ _ _ ‘ I SWIM become neces-

5 pm” m exillr.‘ ‘if lilc tt-utporzirt’ sitgar card, They could also couccivablv In; iigcd ,1; additional sugar coupons should be the issue of permanent stigzir collpitit ltoolts be delayed be_ yond the end of the ton weeks period,

I O u o

tliciqifiiitfttiliiniii fillgfriflllw’lllfiamiihiil] Gfwcmment‘ doing Sonictliiiiii to dcli- mum‘ ti]? u lmlipniicd _ , , n W101i the scallop fishing in this Province. Little has been heard about the ilrgiatter since. According to a rcccnt Fisheries New;

“llclm- Prflcllffllly all of the Caitadiait scallop Cafdlcs 3Y9 IFIIWII iII Nova Scotia and i\'c\v liruiis- “"C_l\'- Ylloltfih sCilllfills are prcsciit in some areas in Iirlllcf’ E‘l\\'a"l Iiilutd and Quebec waters." lie I94Y=l2 §PFISOII proved to be a profitable one for scallop fishermen in our sister Maritimc Prov- IIICCS. i~\ catclt of 77.504 gallons of sliclleil scallops ltad a landed value of itcarlv $2|8.0oo, '°f"°5°“l"‘t-’ <1 211i" "I 17-132 gallons iii catch and $110,000 in value ovci; thf ii).,to-4i season.

i‘ III

“illoleF-"lfi Fllld rel-Til trade [Icticrallv in the llarilimc Proviuccs Cttllllllllf‘; p, show‘ iflcfcagr- ovcr tltc ltigh levels of Inst ycnt; Says [he flank ‘If dlilllirfill I14‘\\'5 ITIICI". Dciiiaitrl for lumber con- tinues brisk, especially in the domestic market; FY1605 are firm. Sawing is tvcll flllVflllCCfl. Pulp- wooil cotttiiitics in strong demand, Good catches of codfish are FPIWFIKVI. The cxtiort sliiitpiiiq sit- "amm h“ "m l'"l“"'\'ril and is <till the ilontinanl ffiftur in the dried fi<h market. l7ITSl1 fish con- tinues tti good tlPlllflllfl at firni prices. Thc 10],. sler catch QPIICITIIII‘ ltzis l)(‘."|] large mp] [trims are ‘hi’ IIIHIIP-‘l in years. ;\cIi\'itv in the patter rut-l lcxlilt‘ mills lia< boon inriititaiilvtl at lhg high lrvcls of previous tuoitthsi 'I'ln~ Itnililing mn_ct,-",~_ lion iiidttslrv is hucv and shipvzird< Fppflrt i". rrtnascil activitv. glrrl IIlT|(lll“llttIl is ltcitiig lllfllll- IfiIIIPil at Iurtwitrttm o" wcitv. (oil rrii-‘ctl ili (‘atti- lir-"toit I~lfIPtl dttrltitr ‘hr Jlttwr-l {I Yltlwflllllilll lIll‘l't'II\'(f iivcr the figure of tlit- Clll'l'('.\'l)ll|l(llllg pct-

“Qm ma". iod last year.

IIIITES BY TIIE WA‘.

‘.n answer-n editor Is asked 1hr dtffezence between malfeasance. nonfensance and neg- ligence. End-surly some shortstot has had a bad av-Buffalo News.

A newly patented fish hook Is not satisfied with a. passive role. In- ste-d, the hook bites the fish and L1BI1§5 on. And then when Lh-a nug- ler returns heme, he can set hie hpok tn the burn for rats.—-'I‘o.:>nto S ar.

Saying that he is "getting oid and fat," Mr. Wendell L. Witlkie an- nounces tbat he will not again 0e a candidate for publzc office. He should remember that thee are some decisions that men holding iiis place in ttic iif "IIOIIS of the people cauiict. iiiwa make fur thfinselVeS.—Windsoz' blur.

Mr. EAM’. Parsons of the Mul- verii Field Club. tins explcdtd the legend of Lady Gontvn of CovenLy. He says: "The idea of a. proud

on tliaiie iiPctvtng his lady to lower the dig ty of Ills race 1s ab tird." I-Ie us. rts that the story 0t riding a horse XIZIIZBCI In a more fay with \\'0.d.<. and refrrs to ttie fact that tile lady rode the ‘Ull- miil "itakerP-tliat. is. Willi-VIII’- saddle cr bridle. — (London Sun- day Express).

For three years the Domiizloifs coiiiributaoii L0\\.I.u5 pensions tut‘ tut a';cct and tci- iti-e bnllld tias ap- proached $30,000,110 13-31‘ year. No money (IDhILI be setter spent. Ul- Jmately there wlil have to be "IWIOIIS for those who zcqulre 1n at. a much earlier age than 70- contributory pensions, twi- haps, but. cert-bitty some l-irni of

e ion ;elief wucre the need exists-Toronto Star. Methods of. protecting. radium

during "III rtr rad so that it vttll not be scattered by a bomb em ploslon have bczn rccoinin-ciidavi by the National Btlfcllll uf Staiirlartls Says Scncnce Set‘ cc. The rut-r. were drawn ‘an by it ccuiniittbe of .1 Ma s engineers and srlentists, They zilin a; safe storaggc of the rrirliizii with mar: iin PYCL-ECUCII and min tut Inteiicrsnre with use. Thr- comzztlt- tee advises oxtru p cciuticns for 500 miles inland. —Excliziiige

Probably to the surprise of most. motorists llkllg in Cllll ia’s prairie Wesl, my tire to b0 all" “ .ezip lite we hit 0i lllllfltlgélIIIIIIiCbLIQDIY of gsscl“ The iiuw rcguititions cut tLie ration unit to fuur giillzns in Britiui Cfllllllblil, Ontario um Qzcbcc. lislve it at two gullcns iii tlic Maritime Provin 0;, nngt at the ofigina] five iii Ala: , Saskatche- wen mid Atliiiiituua. The Pratrie Provinces are alloxvetl to retain the five-gallon unit because "actlcally all of their QJSUIIIIE comes frcm Tuixei" Valley. Fhis offiriitl recogni- iioii cf the great tattle of the Alberta oil field will tilcasc West- erns" W110 miv be dcpt-itdctl on _ a the best use of the addi- tional galon per unit. »ECIII‘IDIII.OII Journal.

S

We IILHC been (old, and we lie- lieve. liiat we are fighting for the p esirvatioii of our demo; ntlc inztittitioais and our libzrli tainly not for pGLiCC-llllle f: totalitarianism. Democracy . ness is an essential element iii na- tional democracy. Business fee- dom, which alone permit; ind "l ual initiative, is 1e of the lib . denied under N sm and ttierefore one of tfic lib-zrirs ore: which this tva: l5 being waged. It must not be lmpcrillcrl on the home front:- Montreal Gazette.

Mr. Cousins has been appuixti-d _I_O a. post of great itiiportiinca, this pane. and tiie great niajozzty OLN-ava-Scotlatis think that ap- POIHBXIIEXIIV was a mistake. They do not. question Ml‘. Corsins‘ formal qualifications. But. they do question the wlsclom of going outside this DYOVIIICe t0 s.ck a suitable ap- pointee for the pest of adsninistrat- of‘ of Canada's mug-t. impo tarit port when someone thoroughly familiar with local problems and conditions could have been found on the spot. No amount. ut futile bloating about. lock of unity from such organs as The Telegram can thongs that ‘firm conviction, -HnIifa.\' ClLon- cie.

II 1s disclosed, by a min of fire, that continents are not. separate entities, but. are parts of the round bcdy of this small iiiid sensitive plantt. of OILS, H. M. TQi-nlosqir wrltes In Atlantic Monthly. So an old question acquires severity. Who is my neighbor? I see It ls of first Importance to me what ls thought. and done tn Tacoma, Chungklng and Delhi. Wliitlcvrr happens thcre sands Its linplire up the Thames, f lea n that the way I regard Mos- cow means life or bullets to flue fefovvs I do not know. In the long history of mankind the day ls here when we must accept the ferowshlp or take the penalty for denial. vhlch 1s dcotnsday. —Exchnnge.

In a broadcast not Ion; ago Io u Zionist dinner In New York, Lozd Wedgwood, a recently elevated Lalcsr peer, attacked the British Government for iefuslng to arm the Jews In Palestine. According to Lord Craiiboriie, Dcminlons Sec- retary. he told the AmlLlCflll people" that, tti-e Minister and his officials were "Fascists backing up the pol- Icy of the enemy." In a debate tn the Upper House, Lord Craiiborne. who tamed the broadcast "mis- chievous, even dangerous nonscnse" said clv.l war between Arabs and Jews could "hardly be ressrdecl as leading to a solution of the problem In that quarteg" Lord Strnbolgl, who recnetly supported Beaver- brookls demand for Immediate tn- vaslon of Europe. came to the sup- port of Lou Wedgwood, with the ivhollv irrelevant statement that an Arrertcnn committee. support/ed by Mr. Roosevelt, was seeking to raise im iimiy nf 202000 Jews to flizht 0n the Bltlsii side. Lord Wedgwood said ho “tcli Amcrlcii the iuiy lrrth" because he "vrlslied to force tli hand: of the Foreign Office."- Tcrcnto Telegram.

Lnuls Lorhrer says "the German twoopfv a e pravlnz for delivery frvm tho ntnv." II t-fiorittnn C"‘I'I1IflI1 that rvrr hrlil svzav nvrr them." But Il‘l‘.'l‘I! l: I Iltfr tlt~iii.';'i'."cv. ’ l‘ )“' s a t- flll.|lII,'! ll|t~_v'v~ lcr-I. their fro: delivery ..st . -ChrIst- Ian Science Monitor.

5

mlsfcasance.

9%‘ Iiig lu the

SE Bill-XE‘.

PUBLIC FORUM

Iluaolunnlnovlclulll

"1 g onions: M dlncu on 1 10735..‘ '_

qualtlulc OI

EDUCATIONAL REFORM

Charlottetown, P E. I. m

Editor Guardian,

THE LARGER UNIT

We are ltvlng tn a. complex age- Mortei-n inventiveness Is continually finding newer 8nd better ways of dotiig things. This Is as true In the teld o! educatlcn u tn any other. A; the very backbone of our social structure depends on education for its existence and maintenance, we should not be slow In accepting and putting Into operation Ideas which

ave been Lied and found practical and efflctetit, In the more progres- sive educational circles. This brln s cs to the question of Larger Unt of school administration.

But fist-Ls our present system of school administration satisfact- ory? Does 1t meet the need; of our 1 “AC5? To anyone making a serious study or problem the answer would have to be an emphatic "No." We nave in our province 410 school tlistJcts supporting one-room scliocls. Added to these are 64 dis- tricts, exclusive of Charlottetown and Summerslde, with schoos of two of more departments. Each of these districts has n board of 8 Lustees as well as a. Becretur. That means 1895 school officers to administer 474 szhools. The one- tt..~.tr.ct uult system presents many difticulties. First In the matter of IIIIIII" and placing of teachers, many teaches are hired simply because they belong to the district, iii-e trteiius of the Trustees, or have connections with Influential people in the district. The teachers’ ability to teach Is tn a. great many

~50; scmcely constricted. Efficient, experienced teachers are often fuuiid m sma-l schools and poorer l-EAICIIGYS In heavy schools. Teachers wtu. equal qualifications and 65P- asiidtie, anti w1th an equivalent a;. um. of work to d0. a.e found In (lLStFICLS, side by side, the one get.- iiii; a much lngtier salary than the other.

Next comes the matter of school lit‘ ice. Many districts (kid them- in BYJEEYS tn school taxes;

sclics

n stippicmenzs remain unpaid; SCHOQIS

do without the necessary equipment school bufdlng; and grounds need ic,i.iir and attention. All because trust/Cos and Secretades are loath ake legal action against their ibcrs In order to force collec- uaits. In few cams are imears due UIILPEIY to lack of means 0n the part. of the ratvepajers. ‘Ittisn comes ilic itnportant. question of services to time pupils. About. lI5 pement or more of our pupils never go to colege or University, yet these 85 ,.ri- cent. who are to mmaln In our province and who need the very .,..t we can afford to give them In tlie way of education, suffer be- came under our pesent. one-room ten-grad?‘ schools teachers must use at. least alt the time at. their dls- pcsal on the uppsr grades to the disadvantage of the lower .ades. Nci- can we blame teachers or tIttLs since it is on their success In pre- Lilhllg BIIJEIHCE pupils that. that: advancement lies. We have four litincted and ten one-room schools. 0t’ these 69 have one pupil 1n Grade IX or X. 71 have two, 60 have 3, making a total of 220 or almost; 50 per cent of cu: one-room cchoo s with 3 or less pupils study-

‘ at; me secondary subjects. Under

tlifis wasteful, extravagant, and un- fair system the children of the lowe; grades, except. the very bright; cries seldom get a thorough ground- fundamental subjects, and later, finding themselves un- able to master the work, glve up In (ilsgusii. Thfs is a deplorable situa- tlon, tvtiich stioiild be remedied as speedLy as possible.

In .EVIGWII’IQ our educational slt- uation the Superintendent In his 1941 Report pointed out that origin- iilly the wcrk In our one-room schools was confined to eight grades and that Fl st Clas schools were maintained at. certain centres to provide two years secondary educa- tlon 1n academic subjects. Grad- ually. however, the one-mom school carried cn extension work to the end of Grade X. In many cases, he siild, the work of the Junior guides was ileglect/ed unless the teacher gave extra. time. This Is unjust to both pupils and teachers. The sup- erintendent stated also that. the educational system generaily In use l1] Canada and United States eon- sLsts of Elementay or Primary Schools In which pupils remain to the completion of the eighth grade and Secondary, or High Schools In which pupils are prepared to enter University or fitted for the occupa- tlcn they intend to follow.

These condition could be largely remedied by the establishment of Larger Units. Now, what is a Larg- er Unit. and how might. It Improve the present system of school ad- mtnlstratlon? A IELQCI‘ unit simply means the grouping of several school vrltliin a suitable geographic- nl area, with the small schools re- tained as at present. but with a school board of one tziutee from each dlstlct to act on a Central Board of administer the whole area. Thelr duties woiid be: The hlrlng of teachers and placing them In the schools most suitable lb them ac- codlng to their ability. experience. proved disciplinary powers. success wtth Jlinbr or senior uplla as the case may be. The levy ng o! schooi taxes (a uniform ram within the. unit) and appcxt-lontng them t4. the various schcols for supplement, running expenses. equipment, re- pairs, new buildings etc. Most likely the best-fitted man or woman from each dlstrlct would be “ to act as tzuatee on the Central Board. These ‘Pruztees would be elected In a manner decided on by the districts which agree tio form the unit. The three trustees of each dLst. Ict. as at present. are retained. but only In an advisory capacity. to see thrt the Interests of their rri-tlcular district are well looked after. and to o omote the broader educational Interests of their dia- trlct. The Trustees on the Central Bead could be elected either at the Annual Meeting In earh district or by the Trustees elected at the An- nual Meeting one of themselves or ~me other suitable person In the district With a Central Board of trustees looking after the Interests of the whole area In an ImDflTLIB' mariner. a more efficient method of hlrlnz. placing. and dtamluln of teachers would result. Teachers tvrird rkelv remain longer In the schools and put forth thelr best v-trnrts to glvc efficient service. as they would no longer be M. the mercy of local preludlce. and pettv Infill-finding. A efficient, energetic teacher. not cutting n certain type of school. or having minor trouble

In I pazltculor dbl-rig‘ would b0 sh"‘:d to a achool w! n the unIt mun suited her to bar capability in dfapolltton.

Then each unit would have but. one secretary for ole area, at-her than one for and: district as at present. Since ht would b» futlier removed from the ‘ax-pliers he would be In l much better post- tlon for collecting taxes. pant-tenur- 1y from defnultlnftaiatiepnyctv am. he would have comp mctfoi‘. king the necessary a in t effect collection.

In the matter of attendance l trugnt. officer up Inked for the whoa are; could o hi5 work much more efficiently than s, mm In each district responsible for the attendance of ht: netzhbork child- ien.

When the administrative aide of the established unit Ia worked out and running smoothly, and all the little financial difficulties m: sat- fxctorlly adjusted. then, tn each unit, a. Central High School could be built, or another ioom added to

centrally located school. where the senior ruplls from the surrounding dlstrlcts could receive the second. ary subjects. That would make It posslb e for the tieachem In the one. room schools to gtve adequate training In the fundamental o: basic subjects. It would also leave room for Instruction In certain (‘her subjects which the Depart- irieht or the eople would deem de- sxable. A; tme goes on, and the people 1n the established unit seq the need of. and can see their way clear, they could add Grade XI to the course tn the Central Hi h Schools. then the pupils could. saved a. year's board and other ex- penses tn Charlottetown. when these would be generally establish- ed over the Island, and within reach of every student, then Prince of Wales College could add another year to 1t; COIILSE, 0r make such other adjustment In its service to the people as would benefit the whole r_ vlnce. The above advant- flses cc... iig as a result of Larger Units 11.2 for the future, but 1t well to have a clear Idea of what the ultimate alm in educational ach-

"ement 1n our province should be. The tmmedlate problem. and first step necessary, to bring about these desks/b‘: changes, and to remedy some of the obvious abuses of our present educational system Ls the grouping of schools In units, any number from five to ten or more. ‘The 1a.: ger the unit the less chance Is there for friction. and the better the opportunity for worthwhile Im- provements. This Ls particularly true tn regard to financing the schools, and placing the teachers, in effecting savings In fuel, equip- mnt, Insurance, etc" as a large untt could buy these In large bulk o;- blocks.

A great many other advantages would follow the establishment of Larger Units. Where one district could not afford to buy a imojectior for Visual Education a uxilt could do so. and the projector could be passed from school to school. Equip- merit, such as desks not needed In one school could be shifted to an- other school needing them. With about forty or fifty units establish- ed tn our province a ‘Trustees’ Aa- soctattori could be formed In our province (most provinces have these Associations). Each unit could be represented on this Association by one member. Then the peop would have a more dlrect Influence

the educational future of our province.

It; 1s evident. of course, that no. all areas 12nd themselves absdube- lv to any fixed plan In Isolated districts fur 1.0m convenient cent- res the schools should remain ten grade schools. No pupil because “ qeogramilcal location should ‘x dented the opportunity to reqclv. a. higher education In some 05.50,. the practical solution to the I . blem would be to combine two t three districts and have a g. school. In areas suztouncling r n56 ct‘ aulflll BCWJ the central svnvol could b2 a vtliage Hlgh school. In rural a.eas itiuere the“, ts no large cemre sum as a village, the most centrally located school could be a, two-room school with me senior pupils from the sur- .oundlng districts attending.

To establish Larger Unit; win envall much study, and will present, certain difficulties. Many discus. sloxi meetings will have to be 11cm m order to ellhaustlvgly scudy and clearly Uflder-Stiflllddihls project. 1t, may mean for a time a Iftte sac- rifice to some, but surely our people are equal to this, and tire willing at. least, to make experiments, so that the children of our province

5

Ce given equal op rtunltles with those of the rest cfmcanada, we "e- I" present, facing n

serlllu-‘i 5hoflfllle of teachers. Many of our schools may be without I-lfihers this coming year, This would seem the opportune tIme to get: together and make‘ pans w co-operate with the people In your surrounding districts in an endea- vour to have a unlt. established In your Community this coming fall, This SIIbJEOI will receive more de- gliled treatment In the pres, from

me to time. mabllng legislation Is already tn the scrim] My

If your are Interested, or If there 81;? points In the above plan on w Ion you need further lnfomwtton please write the undersigned, P E 1 Cttle “ma? m"

. . . lens’ u . mu“. cltlon 00m

P" wm- A Rfiddln. chairman slpligconunlttee on Educational Pub: c Y.

EDUCATIONAL nsroim

NOTE-Your careful comld- eratton In reading this letter Is requested as your comments on Its contienm would be ispprecrag- ed by litie P. E. Island Citizens‘ EducaLon Ccmmlttee.

filllttlid .

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,'A

‘tnzii 321ml itt __.. - t

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SCOIIAN

‘t-IALIF/txfusf

Service of metropolitan ltandnrd-YIO splendidly appointed guest rooms, all with tub and shower-bu unsurpassed culllnc lervfnl can-food ot the provtncn

1

u a specially-

transfer charges.

m fire-proof structure with the

latest fire protective appliances-Immediately adjacent to railwny station thus eliminating tax! and baggage

Ram- from $4.00 per day. Ask any C.N.R. Agent for bdokln or write: Manager, The Neva Scolian, Halifax, N. S.

CANADIAN * NATIONAL;

The Dehydration Industry In War-Time __ Royal Bank 0f Camdl

Scientists have often been noctu- ed of a. desire to seduce the num- an diet. to a pill or 'wder form "to be tiiken duty ih water at. meal limes." wnarever trutu there might be 1n the alegatlan, It. ls an “T? ‘“°‘i..i““‘ ‘mi. Jfiistmli; foo are H8 PW" - preservation in dined form. ‘Ihls Ls parLaliy a logical dieveitpuiem of me prceeeses of Lzod preserva- tlon, which are largely tine concen- traLon of focd pmducts for cori- venlence in_ trai-ispoit and st- rage, and partialiy the results of special war-tum demands. Ihe need for concentrated nourishment. I; never greater than under conditions of war stress and the 911*!" 591°"! pressure upon Ailteq thtpptng fa- ctlltles has further ten-fled to In- crease the need for fcods that oc- cupy the least pcsstbls space. 0n the average, one pound of fully dehydrated focd is tcie eqmvaxnt

f teen 90111165 of the samepro- due; In Its original form. Tnlrty dozen 3s tn the shalt, paicked and craved or sh mcnt, occupy 2 1-4 cube feet; dr ed, .he same numb- er take slightly more than one-twat! cubic foot. Tgeoaavtrg In strips and cargo space v.ou.s.

While the problem of shipping space has been c major factor in the stimulated Interest In dehydza- tlon. other elements In the, exist- Ing situation have also ha, their Influence. In Great. rlBrtta . un- der constant threat of Invasion It. has bsen essential to buLld up re- ssrve stocks of lcod thrcugfiout the country, oftm under storage condltlcns that are for frzm Ideal. ‘Itie serious shortave of tin has re- stricted the use of crdlnary cann- Eng mslhcds to fsods which can- not. at the present stage of re- 8€\“\.’1, be preservrcl In any other form. A further stimulus has been

Iven by the ritcesetly of provzd-

rig concentrated fco"‘s for para- ti-oo and commando units. y/htch mus be entlrelv self-sufilclent. when in action. Spectral ratlzris are prepared which provide meal: for two or three data, yet weigh only a few pounds. Dryt: Is the oldest. known 161m of f0 preservation. In fct. It may be termed m natural meth- od of preservetion. Nature herself uses It. me a emge iwdil. grains and nuts coritetln less than 10 per cent, of XIIOSIIIN, regard- less o! the uriourit which may be present at. earlier sidges of rowth. ‘the very exfstexize of vegztat e Ilfe from year to ymr ls In the fI analyse dependent upon this tack of molsturue wt-ith Inhibits the growth of bacteria end moulds. Perhaps by some accident, p-ihaps by imitation of the nltura pro- cess man early began to preserve food t; drying, either 1n the sun or by iir fflctal heat. Roblrtsrn Cru- soe‘: raisins and the drod aipales of our pfcneer encratcn Lap at once to the mind. Dried fruits and fish, jerked and smoked meats are all preserved by the removal of game part of their orlgtra‘ water Q-mtent. Sonwtlmu this Is the sole process, armetlmcs It Is ccm- btned with other methods. as giiltlrig or lckllng. In recent years. however, e preservation of foods by cunning, refrm-eratlm and Int- lerl by ‘quick-freezing m; largely

rs ced the ui-ller mehod. atuml or artfclwl drying methods have 1n the st, permit-

ted the storage of fc and the le- tentltm o! n. part of Its nutritive value at me expense of flavmir and colour. Every one knows the dtf- ference between the flavour and texture of sweet. corn In the milky stage and that which has ripen- ed further, l. e., begun tn dry out. In the one of mm Dfoductl. we have largely some to prefer the dried flavour. even where we can know the lo-called fun flavour. some flfIJIlCMlY d1led or semI- dried fccda have, tn fact, mtafnzd their place In the mrdern dlet In direct colupetltkm with the fresh fcrm. not. l8 subztf wee. but. u tn- ’ ‘ mduct-s In their

Men of England. heirs of Glory. Heroes of unwritten story. Nurullnga of one mighty Mother, Hopes of her. and one another;

"Rise. like Lions after slumber In unvnnqutchable numbe .

Shake your chalna to earth like dew Which In sleep have fallen on vou-

Ye are manw-they are few.

"Whnl. art thou.

could ave: Answer from their IIVIIIK nave: This demand-tyrants would flee - Llke a dreamfls dIm Imarlerv.

"Thou are not. u lmuostera any.

A shadow soon to 08M away.

A nu ratltlon. and n name

Echo n; from the cave of film.‘ - —iPercy y

Freedom? OI

r . 004 D

own right. Such fruits u dates rgs. prune; and raisins are per- liaps the best, exrmipws. No our expects raisins to take the place of grapes or prunes to hnve Ire same favour Ill plums. These so-called dried fnsltl no however. really only amt-hydrated. They retain from 20 to H p0:- cent of their metal-tare: only enculti has been removed to ensure trek kespkig qualities. While they are i; eon- oentnted prcduct, the prcoea has not been curled to the tY-tnt of complete truillcrmsttcn Into the coltd form.

' nuns Jcrkcd OI’ dried mm iiiia mm

tproductc n pemmlcnn are also amen: the oldest forms 0f

preserv- ed food and erkrd beef I: still 0x- Wcnslvety pr uced In many coun-

trtu. A more generally known form of meat product I1 marl. extract. There are a nitmber of IRMOII" brands. available either 0- a Huck ayru lluutd o: In n solid cube The In: propel-l. In Inmllclt In

B aha Shelley. Ila low Illbt conten , iuually about.

> ttcnally

WORDS OF CHALLENGE

"Victory Ls still remote. The struggle will be hard

15 per cenf. These extract-s aria prepared by removal cit the fat and albumen me addition of salt. and evapcrat on In vacuum. One bound is ordinarily obtained from twenty- ltve pounds of lean meat.

Packing companies In the Unit.- ed States report that. experimental methods of proaucng a. true deny- drated meat one whtcli can be xe- storzd to its nomal character, have been successful, at least 1n regard t.» beef. Pork 1s apparently too fat for such treatment. It this prccess works on a commercial scale as successfully rs in the ex- periments, addlttonal savings in shipping space will be rsaltzzd. It Ls estimated that ane ship could carry as much meat. as ten cargo vessels were able to transtpcrt dur- fng the last war.