I fiuardimtl

Coven Prince Edward Island Like The new H W. J. Publisher

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Newest Free Nation

The formal entry today of the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago into the Commonwealth is an event of note. In size the new country is smaller than Prince Ed- ward Island, but 'l‘rinidad's popula- tion is more than eight times that of this Province, and it is expected to exceed the million mark by 1968. Even so, the i<lands will be the second smallest Commonwealth na- tion, just ahead of Cyprus.

Neither population nor geogra- phical extent determines a nation's status, however; and this former West Indian dependency will have an important role to play in fur- thering Commonwealth relations and free world causes generally in

the strategic position in which it is placed. Before Confederation. Prince

Edward Island enjoyed a. prosper- ous trade with the West Indies. There was direct intercourse with the islands and 'It was even pro- posed, at one time, to have a resident Prince Edward Island agent there. It is fitting. therefore. that at to- day’s ceremonies, at which the Prin- cess Royal will be in attendance, Canada will be represented by our P.E.l. cabinet member, Hon. J. An- gus Macliean, Minister of Fisheries. On his arrival in Trinidad the other day Mr. MacLean announced, on behalf of the Canadian govern- I mom. a gift. of $10,000 to provide echolarships for Trinidadians at Canadian educational institutions, A similar scholarship grant was made to Jamaica when it attained in- dependence earlier this month. Mr. MacLean also voiced the Canadian government's desire to foster “as much trade as possible in both direc-

tions and especially with eastern Canada.”

Timely sentiments, which we trust will blosscm into concrete re- Suits of benefit to all concerned.

A Boon To The West

It is cheering news that the Western Canadian wheat farmer has “hit. the jackpot” this season. He has struck the combination that Westerners dream about—a big crop and good prices——and his prize could go to nearly a billion dollars. Many times in the past, good crops were attended by falling prices; and if the prices were good, there usualy wasn't much wheat to sell. This time it's different.

Estimates on the size of the Western wheat crop range from 450 million bushels to 510 millions. This last estimate is nearly twice as big as the crop last year; and on top of that the price this year is from 15 to 20 cents a. bushel higher. Thus the wheat farmer alone will contribute something like half a billion dollars more to the national wealth this year than he did last. Returns will also be higher for oats and barley.

A big factor in this brighter out- look‘ is the buoyant export trade with Communist China and Poland. To meet the demand, the Wheat Baud last week announced general

quoted ranging from one to three bnahele .a specified acre for a num- be of delivery points in Manitoba. Saskatchewan and Alberta. This is , tlrlt time quotes have opened ‘surly In the season for years. I [arts in October or Novem-

eievator space is available is of major importance to the farmers, since it enables them to start mak- ing deliveries and getting paid with greater promptitude.

With Parliament soon to meet, this upsurge in Prairie economic prospects will stand the Diefenbaker Government. in good stead. It is something. however, from which all Canada will reap benefit, regard- less of politics.

Not To Be Bulldozed

Our City Council is standing firmly on its rights. It’s not going to be bulldozed by this man Mannell into implementing his traffic survey report, and Mayor Gaudyet told him so in good round terms the other day. He may think he's a big shot just because he was hired to come down here and make a survey of our traffic mess, but we're free and in- dependent citizens and we don’t have to knuckle down to him. No, sir! Who does he think he Is, anyway, telling us what to do?

What did we hire him for. in the first place? Well, that’s a question. We won’t go into that. The point is that we're not going to be pushed around! This is not the time to im- plement his report, anyway. With the peak traffic over for the sea- son. what’:-' all the rush?

This man says we can obtain 800 more car spaces in the city; but where are they? ‘‘All we want. from him is where they are.” as the boys told him on Wednesday. Then we'll see. It may be they're In the wrong place. Maybe we “don’t want to cure our traffic problems at the expense of convenience.” (That was laying it on the line, wasn't it?) Anyway, what’s it to him? He'll get his money; let him pack up and go home.

As Talleyrand once said, some- times “it is urgent to wait." That’s where we stand on this issue. if he Wants to know: right square in the middle of what. that Talleyrand fei- low said.

Twilight In Cuba

Damning evidence of the loosing battle freedom is fighting in Cuba is supplied by the fact that the press there is fully controlled by the Gas- tro regime. The number of foreign reporters is strictly limited, and all their reports are censored. Applications for visas to send in more reporters are turned down or ignored. Only .-1 token -number of visiting correspondents is allowed each ymonth——usuaIly one or two.

The correspondents able to work in Cuba find most official doors closed. When they do have news to report, they often cannot get it out of Havana. Long distance calls are frequently cut off, and cables dis- appear if they displease a super- visor checking all incoming and out- going messages at the telegraph of- fice.

An exception arises when the government wants to exploit some kind of news. Dispatches last Sat- urday, carrying Castro's charges that the United States was respon- sible for the shelling of a hotel in a Havana s-uburb, cleared promptly. Telephone calls to and from Havana also went through without a hitch. But the following day, without ex- planation, telephone calls were cut off for 15 hours.

‘In many ways, Cuban censorship has become more capricious than that which formerly operated in the Soviet. Union. Now the outside world must take its Cuban news chiefly from diplomatic reports, which are not subject to secutiny before trans- mission. The thousands of refugees leaving Cuba also provide much in- formation, but often this is colored by wishful thinking, and must be weighed carefully.

We the old story under dictator- ships, especially when they run into trouble. And Cuba, judging by this frantic attempt to avoid the day- light, is heading for plenty of it.

EDITORIAL NOTE

Telatar is now being used to synchronize the master time clocks in England and the United States. Last Saturday an accuracy of 10 microseconds was obtained. A micro- aecond equahl one-millionth of a aecond, so thut’s coming pretty close. The master clocks are located in the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Heratmonceaux, England, and the Naval Observatory in Wuhlngton. They.hndtobecorrectedtoeyn- chmnize with the rotation of the earth which varies minutely and umfidictablr

. y y

THIS IS THE cade of the Trinidad Hilton. This is the main block of guest

northeast fa- ‘

rooms built “upside down" from the top lobby floor. Each

room has its own private bal- I

; cony from which one may view ‘ ' the landscaped grounds. park ; below and, a little farther i

TRINIDAD BECOMES IN'DEPENDENT TODAY

Fiery Leader Is Hope Of Islands

by CHAS. S. ESPINET Editor l.)irecl.or of the Trinidad Publishing Com- pany (Trinidad Guardian. Sunday Guardian and Evening News) Mr. Espinet is an outstanding authority on West Indian affairs.

A visiting American journal- lst of international reputation once pointed out to me that the

‘ ional

West Indies. with a population .

of thrcc million. had a very high intcllcc-tual calibre of load- orship uncqunllod In any similar area in tho wo e was re-

ferring then to three outstand- 1

ing West Indian leaders, SI Grantley Adams, the th Prime Minister of the defunct Federation of the West Indies: Norman Manley. Of‘. the then Premier of Jamaica. and . Eric Williams. the P r i m e Minister designate of Trinidad and Tobago which become In- dependent August 31.

All three are Oxford Univer- sity graduates. Norman Manley 6!), won a Rhodes scholarship and went on to become one of the leading lawyers in the Bri- tish Caribbean before turning to politics: Sir Grantley Adams. a Barbados scholarship winner

1' en.

secure European metropolitan backing on the ground that reg- economlc development would thwart political extrem- ism of all types. Both he and the Surinam Premier expressed common interest in maintaining and promoting democracy. They denounced extremism of both the Left and the Right.

Thus the Caribbean. once the cockpit of European rivalry. would move closer together as Europe herself is doing. T h e joint Trinidad - Surinam state- ment issued this monfb declar- ed: “The separation of the

‘ Caribbean countries was the es-

too turned to law but on his rc- I . , ‘reputation for Iron deforming-

turn to his Barbados homeland made a career of leadership among Barbados workers and organized the Barbados Labour Party which he led successfully for over a score of years be- comim! the first Premier of Barbados and the first and only Prime Minister of the West In- dies. Sir Grantley. 64 years old, has now from active

retired politics whilc Manley was de- X. of

featcd by his cousin. Sll‘ Alo andcr Bustamcnlo. leader the Jamaica Labour Party. and Is now the leader of the opposi- tion Peoples National Party in a newly independent Jamaica. The last of the trinity still in the saddle. the youngest. is 50- year-old Eric Williams. a Trin- idad island scholarship winner.

sence of dependence. The Inte- gration of the Caribbean coun- tries is the essence of independ- ence." Thc hand is clearly that of historian Williams.

Aged 50, physically short but tough — he was an above-aver

age soccer and cricket player : of

at Oxford — the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago has 8

tion, and a razor wit since his ‘

student days. His Ph.D. thesis, “Capitalism an d Slavery." which made the emanicpation of slaves a matter of iecr economics in s t c a (I of hum- anitarian feelings. was a direct challenge to prevailing senti- ments as well as academic au-

thority. The story goes that Belt 3

Professor of Colonial History. R. Copeland, shook the Trinidad student's hand. congratulating

‘him ruofully for having spent

h I . ' - t w 0 took IIIS doctorate in Phil 2 servant father on his choice Pf

osophy with First-Class Hon- ours at Oxford University on the basis of a controversial the- sis now published under the title of “Capitalism and Slav- ery", which upset all previous thinking on the question of the emancipation.

Williams To Change Historical Pattern The little men with dark

glasses was speaking to a rapt street-corner crowd. "My fath-

, studies suggests

long months of research “to make me look like a fool."

llslands Seen Having

I9th Cent. Economy As the letter from his civil

Dr. Wil- liam prizes the letter— the fu- ture Prime Minister of his coun- try tilted with equal determina- tion against the prevailing val- ues of a colonial society. It was many years before he returned home. After Oxford he became Associate Professor of Social and Political Science at Howard University. Washington. A spe- cial job created at 's alma mater. Queen's Royal College, from which he won an 0 1: en Scholarship In 1931. was not fill-

er wrote me while I was in uni- by h_1m2 S0m90n€ 9150 I??- versity." he said. “And he to came History Master._ B ut in - -* why are Washington he came into touch

you studying politics? Get out of politics. if you want to come back to Trinidad and get a Job!"

He paused and. savourir/, the irony, the crowd roared In re- ply. Then tho punch line: “Look where I am today! Can anyone put me out of politics?" The answer. of course. is that Dr. Eric Williams. brilliant Ox- ford scholar and head of the Trinidad and Tobago Govern- ment alnce 1956. the man w o steered the two islands‘ multira- clal population of 829,700 to In- dependence wtthin the British Commonwealth on August 31, will be up to his hearing-aid in politics. for as many years as anyone would care to Imagine.

WILLIAMS SET TO CHANGE Hts People's National Move- ment became more strongly en- trenched in 1961. Dr. himself has set about to change not only Trinidad and Tobago. but the historical pattern of the Caribbean as well.

French, Dutch and American territories.

Already he has exchanged stale visits with Surlnarn I Dutch Guiana). Mindful of the help the European Economic Com- munity could give In uniting the Caribbean. he paid cordial vis-

‘ its to France and st Ger- many thls year. Dr. William: specially asked French West In- dlan polltlcam to ‘Port-of-Spain for the Independence celebra- tions. F

economic union. But in an area not noted for political stability Dr. death ham to

with the Caribbean Commiss- lon. He became a consultant. Later he became a full-time re-

- search chief of the organization d

But he has long been prod - lug his countrymen forward. He lampooned the “crude vocation- al sentiments" of West Indians in the 1940's for flocking abroad to study medicine, dentistry or law almost exclusively, while neglecting professions

asis structure." He labe economy of the Islands as be- longing to the 19th century. They were producing too much sugar. he aald. just as they had a surfelt of lawyers. dentists and doctors.

when his contract with the Caribbean Commission as De- puty Chalrman of its Research Council was mot renewed In 1955 he had his chance to imple- ment the reforms he had per- sistently urged upon the plan- ners and politicians. He announ- ced at a public meet g In Woodford Square. Port-of-Spulm now “The University" to P.N.M. followers. that he would not ac- cept job offers outside Trinidad, that he was going to "let down my bucket right here." A phe- nomenally successful political career began om that mom- ent. Trinidad and Tobago have not been the same sine .

Colonial Office. U.S. Targets Of Wrath

M one time or another Dr. Williams has battled the United 3 tea Government the wanted it to rdeese the Chnguaramae naval station site for the West Indies Federal Genital). the Col- onial Office (for atftdli) In B

0.

GI- filfllu

C I I)“. WILLIAMS I

~ Federation (ho disagreed w i I h proposals for a weak central ,government). Clearly a dyna- mic political figure at the crest

‘ his powers, his army ‘ temperament has kept Trini- dad politics in a perpetual stew. Yet the periods of calm were equally remarkable. The Cha-

away, Port of Spain and the sea.,

. conducive to

j guaramas campaign was follow- 1

2 ed by a political honeymoon I with the Americans - “the spiri i of Tobago" - when a new bases treaty was accompanied by pro- I mises of U.S. aid. Who 1! f American aid was disappoint- ingly slow in coming the honey- moon was threatened. but seems j to be on the way to a reconcilia- . tion once more. F-rcretary of j State for the Colonies Reginald ‘ Maudling was praised from the , same Woodford Square band- ‘, stand where the Colonial Office and all Its works had been damned over constitutional is- sues. Dr. Williams electrified both the Colonial Office and the 3 Trinidad p u b I i c. however, i after the London independence I conference when he declared that e territory should for- get about British help.

Despite the ups and downs in the political thermometer, Dr. Williams is consistent his economic determinism, from his Ph.D. thesis to present cam- paign for a Caribbean common market. When ho damned the proposed constitution for an in- dependent W. Indies Federation after having been a staunch ad- vocate of the union ("Feder- ate. . .or Barbados will perisht") he moved on economic grounds. For similar reasons he spurned the rump Federation after Ja- maica's secession. but invited the remaining islands to discuss unitary ties with Trinidad and Tobago. This was not egoism, as his critics charged, but econo- mic reasoning. Williams ques- tioned the top-heavy adminis- trations In the islands when they were all poverty-stricken or under severe economic pres- sures. A unitary state, he be- lleves. would have greater economic viability.

Calibre Of Intellect Wins Wide Acclaim

Another consistent feature has been his personal Impression on others. From the orltles to Prime Minister Mac- millan (“Trinidad the Ath- ens of the West Indies") his In- tellectual callbre has never fall- ed to win admiration, though sometimes grudglng. Hts Inte- grity as a politician is a by- word. although he has not been as inflexible as he sometimes make: It appear.

Dr. Williams has already made It plain that he is pro-Western where the cold war is concern- ed. Yet he is no less Interest- ed In the neutrallut bloc (Ghana. India) for cultural reasona. In- die and Ghana have been ap- ; preached to endow Institutes for the study of Indian and Afri- can culture. at the branch of the West Indies Unl-

lcftlat I has lnvlud Juan discuss closer trading ties.

Delvlte his Intense action!!- Im, the Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister was described In a assume as la- in “as emu as Nehru." ‘fills

\

ord auth- ‘

Restless Sleep Said Norm-oil

Among Infants By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dcllen ADULTS claiming to sleep like a baby don't mean w h at they say. Irregular and restless sleep is normal for infants and the same can be said of those grotesque and seemingly un- comfortable positions they hap- pen to be in when the sandman arrives. There is no need to be concerned about these pre-slum- her movements and jahherings because they don't mean

thing. The tired. Irritable parent. al- so finds head rolling and bed

rattling somewhat disturbing. One mother put it this way “Sometimes I think .Iunior

does this just to keep awake so he can tease and poster me."

This may be true In some in- stances but such h 0 s t i I e at- titudes of the p a r e n t s are transferred to the child. The ensuing emotional tension and feelings of insecurity are not V_ s I e e p. ‘Mother should remember that most of these behavior patterns are transient and related to a stage in development. Forget these gyrations.

Sleep is necessary but no one can force a youngster into normal slumber, which is a complicated mechanism easily

NOTES BY THE WAY‘

heading “Knew

aer fhe North Pole." Well. nothing In perfect. — Ottawa Journal.

We wish people would stop talking about the Government’: “auIterlty" program Any- one would think that we were all suffering the extreme pangs of self-dental for patriotism‘: sake. Ifever we should be call- ed upon to endure real auster- ity. then heaven help us. there would be no word left to de- scribe it. — Hamilton Spectator.

Egypt's walkout from the Arab League's apeclal meeting

hook at least temporarily but It also places the long-torment Arab L e a g u e under aevere atrnin.

The Egyptian delegation‘: dramatic d e p a r ture Tuesday was seen as a ta lcal device by which Nasser could avoid a detailed reply to Syria‘: charges of aggression.

Ever since Syria broke its union with Egypt in the United Arab Republic last September. relations have been tenae be- tween the two countries. Nasser now has tried to turn the tables against Syria in the latest tussle by charging slander.