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THE UNARLUTTETUUIN GUARDIAN

' - _ _ ~ ' 3. ai I _ Il. P Vice-President-y. R. Burnet! Pbamem W S`e;`l?e.ttaerry-i.l:n‘t:l-liioi. D. .L Haekiannn. D- l 0-

- Editor and Managing Director-.l. ll. Burnett

Assn.-me Editors-Frank

Walker and D. K. l'nrrie

' " U I if oil 1887) 85.00 par oar (io advance) _deiivered_ '

Mxggmgverlyeyaa (ui=n'a§\'ance) mailed In Canada and llalted Btatea.

ADVERTISING BIPBIIINTATIVII

UNITED STATES-Tho Beckwith Bbooial Agency Ine. New York Central

Ituilllillg, St, i.o S: nn _ I. lfrllnl-lseo; 1135 No, doth Street, Pniia

Building, New York City, General Motors Bu|id\n|_ Detroit _interstate Bullo- lng, iiansns City_ Willoughby Tower Building Chicago; Syndicate Trust

ui Gia Buildin Allan! ' Monadnock Bulidin Ban

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deiphia,

Mornin Maxim ‘

Pity helps most when hacked by

U practical chnrlty.

MONDAY, JANUARY 23, 1933-

FREE STATE ELECTIONS

rtooont dospatonos indicate ln-

rrcased confidence on the part of

the supporters 05 Prcsidcllt de Vai- era. in the election campaign naw

irawing to a climax in the Irish Free State. Probably, as in elect-

ion campaigns in other countries,

it is a ease of each party putting its best foot forward. what is cer-

tain is that the campaign has amused wide interest and that the

issues are fraught with grave sig- nificance. If a clear majority is ob-

tained by the de Valera. Govern- ment the Free state will go its way ls an independent economic unit. The President has announced that

his national and economic pro-

gramme will not be changed, a statement which is taken to rman

that, if elected, he will continue

lo withhold land annuity payments from Great Britain and will en-

deavor to make the country virtu-

llly self supporting so far as the necessities of life are concerned.” I‘llat there is rfstrong, and a.l>DB-\'- lntly increasing sentiment' against lhe British National Glovemn-lent‘s

retaliatory tariff on Irish agricult- lral products, seems evident from lhe campaign reports. The British

refusal to accept representation

vutsicie tile Empire on the proposed board of arbitration to deal with

the aunlllties question has also ev'i-

dently strengtnened do Valel-a's rarnpafgn, in which anti-British

prejudice plays no small part.

Moreover, de Valera has manoeuv-

ered so as to bring on the election before his opponents in parliament had time to consolidate their forces.

Fotlller President W. T. Cosgrave

Ls appealing on s programme of rcll:'.'.'c<i 00-operation with Great llrlfnln, based on a bilateral settle-

men: of the annuities question.

Fieollcnlic “ar witll Great Britain, Mr. Cosgrove maintains, has cost the Free State eight million pounds in six or eight months. In negoti- ations rvitin the United Kingdom l00k-U18 to cessation of this war- fam he has guaranteed there would

be no abandonment of existing Irish l'l8l'lta and no sacrifice of the Free

Staten fiscal independence. No land U1-Ili-litiel. Mr. Uossrave has prom- bed. would be collected until No-

vember Lnd December, 1934, if his Nationalist party were returned to Dower in Tuesda.y’a elections. More- vver. when payments were resumed, they would be out in half. Following the failure of negoti-

ations with the do Valera. Govern-

ment on the annuities question, the British Govermnent ra-ised the duty on1rishlivaeatt.iefrom20to40 per cent and on bwltry. P01-ir and dairy products from 20 to 30 DH' nent. The Free state Government

responded hy increasing in export bounties, but these, without co-op- arative action on the part of No,-fm. sm Ireland, oonla not be large lmudl to save the msn fumes- tmm almost disastrous consequen- ces. On the other hand, de Valera

B now funding the disputed land annuities so as to use part of the

proceeds for relief during the tran- sition to economic self-sufficiency.

Party feelng runs high on both

lid/es. In the circumstances it is well

to remember that both political leaders are obviously sincere in their

desire to_ further the best interests of their country, and that the ques- tions in i.ssue are for Irishmen them-selvm to determine. The fol-

lowing sentiment, expressed some months ago by the London Specta-, tor, still sums up the view of think- ing people on both sides cf the Ullannci:

“Wlmtevcr may be thought of

Mr. cle Valerl-rs past strategy it is of the first importance, to this cnuntl-y,. to Ireland and to the whole Commonwealth, that the path to a settlement should be kept siudiou;-ly free ol’ any ob- aLac‘cs that folly or malig-nity 'n'ght still create."

tion results will be indecisive. The Republicans, under Mr. de Valera, adjudge themselves virtually sure of winning '18 seats, and figure up- on the support of four Laborlte constituencies, which would give them a majority of six Over their opponents in the Dail. On the other hand, the Nationaiists, under Mir.

W. T. oosgrave, count upon securing the support of the Cenhrists and the Independents, controlling 20 seats, which, added to 04 seats they

regard as their own party strength, would give them a government ms.- jority of eight. The narnowness of the margin upon which either of the major parties can figure presents the possibility of the controlling power beng placed in the hands of a minority group. 'I‘he'de Valera administration was kept in office by virtue of the Laborli/o element, which, all told, could not muster

more than eight seats, and the pres- sure of the Irish problem, with all the weighty issues at stake, com- pelled Mr. de Valera to appeal to the country. Should either a Labor- ite or a Centrist minority group once more hold the balance, it could

only result in shelving the out- standing issues without the least assi-St/iflg to solve any of the diffi- culties of the Anglo-Irish impasse.

U. K. BACON TRADE

By the Ottawa agreements with the United Kingdom Canada 'was given the right to supply the Brit- ish market with bacon and ham up to the amount of 2,800,000 owt. an- nually. some have doubted whether

we shall be able to supply that

&fl'l0llIit. Writing in the Canadian Gazette, London, Eng., Mr, w, A, Wilson, Canadsfs agricultural pro- ducts representative in Great Brit- ain, declares that we can.

Mr. Wilson points out that living

standards. coats of labor and pmx- i.mity advantages of European countries are conditions that Can-

ada found it impossible to meet in an unequal competition for markets. In consequence our bacon has been Zfsdually replaced by the cheaper Danish offerings. But, in spito of this ea-lperience, our pig population,

_tha foundation of the bacon indus- try. has bt!-D maintained. In 1931 it numbered 100,000 more than in

the previous year. The industry has started fWi>H'1r. The production capital in here in the form of breed- lhl cowl of good bacon type and i.n reasonably large numbers. The rap- idity v!l1'J'i which they will be multi- plied will depend almost wholly up- on the price level for bacon and hams in the United Kingdom mar- kept, chu with the encouragement aa well as the measure of security for tho future that these plricea will tive Canadian farmers. U the level be raised by the present British Govemrnellt effort to I. point that will Permit the British farmers to produce and market pigs at a IIN- fit, that level should prove very. helpful to Canadian farmers.

CONTRAST IN TASTE

An American magazine recently

made a careful poll of 150 cities in tno unltoa sinus ana coma. “lo the favorite rad`o programme in each community. It was found that the

three moat popular entertainers, in the eyes oi' the Americans, were in

descending order Eddie Cantor, Ed Wynn and Jack Pearl. In Canada, according to the listing, they were the New York Philharmonic Orch- astro, the Philadelphia. Orchestra. and the Metropolitan Opera Com- pany.

If this doea not demonstrate that

Canadians are more cultured in their musical taste than are their afgh- bora to the South of the interna-

tional border, it does at least, in the opinion of the Toronto Mail and Empire, furnish e. pointer for Mr.

nares livflls wiv

\_\'ith regard to the prospect of the New eYar, I wish I could share the facile optlmbm of our political lead- ers. But though history never quite repeals itself. it very much resemb- les itself. It took England quite 35 yea:-s to recover from the Napoleon- ic War. It was not until iB50 that the turning of the comer really came. From 1815 till that date there was a succession of bank panlcs, strikes, riots, machinery-smashing. ending with the Hudson Railway crash in the 'for-ties. Only 14 years have passed since the Great War. and our grandfnthera had nothing so serious to deal with as tile Am- erican war debt, and tile power of the trade unions based on universal suffrage:-Truth, London.

Because a. German prince of Stol-

berg, in the Harz Mountains, where the cunarles come from, has become engaged to marry the d&U8hif°l' °f a civil servant of Magdeburg, the inhabitants are at odds over what some of them consider a. misal- 'liance-. This would seem to indicate that many of the common folks are not yet reconciled to the fact that Germany is now a repu`Iiic. And perllaps they never will be.

The U. S. S. R. has discovered I-

new "right" opposition within thc inner circle of tile Communist party and has warned tile leaders that they are lnin'tlng the “strictest discipline." Taken in conjunction with some rec- ent expulsions, this would Seem to lndicat that the Rcd chiefs are find- ing it difficult to keep their lm- medlate followers in line at a time when tile peasants are showing signs of rebelllng against the hard discipline imposed by Moscow. De- velopments in Russia p1~om`sc to be interesting for some time.

According to a preliminary slate-

ment issued by W. Sanford Evans at the request of the Chamber of Commerce researcll committee, be- tween 10i3 and 1931 the Dominion increased its gross debt byover two billion dollars. And into the bargain the Dominion has guaranteed bonds of the National Railways, Harbour Commissions, etc.,to the _tune of another three quarters of 'a billion. Naturally, then, taxes have gone up, and llp, and up. Canadian taxes l>¢1` head have more than doubled in the last. twent years, have gone up from $31 pei' capita in 1913 to $77 in last twenty years, have gone up from man, woman and child ill Canadian taxes,-Dominion, provincial and n'ulnicipal..vi/here wil it fend? _, _

' Over in England, tile Lord Chan- cellor ilas appointed at conlnlitec of Judges to investigate and _make rec- ommendations touclillg the possib- ilities of securing greater expedition in ille despatch of business and greater economy in the arlnlinistra- tion of justio. Not only in Great Bri- tain, but here ill Canada, tile pro- cess of the law should be less expen- sive ancl less time-consuming for the ordinary litigant. While it is doubtless good that there should be something to deter people from go- ing to law over comparatively trivial matters. it is unfortunately true that in some instances the cost both in time and money, wipes out the awards of justice.--Exchange.

A writer in “The Christian Lead-

er," Boston, expresses the opinion that the "greatest single rival Chris- tianity has today is a narrow, milit- artistic nationalism," and, pointing ou that no nation in the world mn live cut od from the others, pleads for a recognition of international- ism as the truest form of D8ff1'10tlsm. This writer is not alone in regarding lntemationalism as being the next logical stop for mankind to take if civilization 1,; to be preserved. A glance at history reveals the truth of this. First there was the family, than the village. Then came the city- state, the small prinoipallty, the large group of'~ prirleipalitiea and states joined, and finally the nation. The nation, in many instances de- veloped lnto an empire. What can the next step bc. other than a join- ing of nations and empires, an inter- national organization? It is a logical step. Internationalism is the ulti- mate goal.-Exchange.

I only state what in common

knowledge when I say that the vast region known as Outer Mongolia has under Soviet tutelage and protec- tion been closed to all but Rus- sians; that even'"6`hina is not per- mitted to preserve contact with that region, over whch her suzerainty has been recognized by the Soviet government itself; that hundreds of Chinese students, trained in Com- munist schools in the Soviet Union, are yearly sent back to China. to promote the Communist movement there: and that increasingly large regions in China, have become the prey of Comnltmist risingo.-Vim count Ishii.

the new Radio Commission, when he come, to consider the problem of

.4 What _ Snap

Qnura

By lame: W. Barton. MD,

Mnasnas Now canals moan naarns -rum nlrarmnnu on scsltnar raven.

Perhaps you are wondering ii'

these methods of preventing goggle; fever and diphtheria are worth while. You naturally dunk; me idea of any substance being injected into your youngsters body, but-the results obtained in preventing mu. let fever and diphtheria. by these substances amply justify every pu- ent in having their youngsters thug protected.

Them is no question but that

arena or alpntnonn wmch was :or- merly so deeprooted in the minds of parents is now passing away with the use of toxoid to prevent dipn- theria, and tha antitoxln when diphtheria does attack the child.

Similarly with scarlet fever; few-

er cases, and thus less heart disease or middle ear disease with deafness following. Dr. L. Hughes, Sydney, Australia,

points out a most interesting fact; the very great decrease in the death rate in diphtheria and scarlet fever during the present century with no decrease in the death rate in meas- les. _

As you know measles is a. miser-

able ailment but has never been considered as serious as diphtheria or scarlet fever. Nevertheleu the number of youngsters who remain weak, and have trouble with the bronchial tubes and the lungs, fol- lowing measles is very large. Moth- ers often note that a youngster that was robust and healthy has never been quite as well after an attack of measles.

“During the past four years in

London, measles has caused eight times as many deaths as scarlet fever, and one and a half times as many as diphtheria. Further, meas- les accounm for numbers of patients (children) with chronic ill health and 'chest infection who are com- monly seen in outpatients" depart-A ments in hospitals."

I believe these records which show

that the prevention of diphtheria and scarlet fever as accomplished by _school boards. and municipal health departments, has made these ailments less to be feared than

measles, should encourage every parent to'_hav'e their youngsters so 'pl:ot`e'cted, ` '___

It may save the youngstcl-`s health

or life, and prevent many heart- aches.

PUBLIC FORUM

This column ia open for the diaenaaion by oorrelllloaadenta

of questions of Interest. The Chnrlottetovln 'Guardian' doea not necessarily ominran the opinions of correspondents,

Sir,-ln a late issue of the Guer-

dian one of an evidently perman- ent force of jurymen signing "Georgetown," takes exception to my statements regarding the trial by jury system.

I might have made myself. plain-

er but I dldn't wish to use up your valuable space by going into lab- cured detail. He asks what are juries for but to acquit people?

We are dealing with present con-

ditions, not with the past. There have been good honest jurymen, who have returned honest verdicts, but that is not the point at issue at present. '

He says "juries do not shackle

agriculture." If juries fail to con- viot those guilty or infraction or the traiiic iawl. thereby giving them a licence to drive recklessly, they "shackle agriculture," for far- mers have to use the highways to drive carriages and trucks in _order to do their business and their limbs are fetwrcd by this King of Terrors, as death lurks at every tum of the road. During a recent trial one of our judges .said that if this state of affairs continued it would not be safe to drive a car- riage on the public highways.

Your correspondent takes um-

brage at my reference to the cost of the administration of justice, My reason for doing this was to show the absolute necessity of go. onomy and efficiency. Of the $80.-` 000 spent $88,000 was for the main- tenance of the Provincial Police, li force that should have the sym- vathy and support of_la.w abiding citizens, inatud of having their actions "cribbed, cobined and con. fined." by lnvavcnsible illrymen. Every disagreement 0! a jury mean. the expense of a new trial. and how much better it would be to have the merits of the case passed upon by a responeible`judge.

' I am Sir, etc

The Stars These 2

Nights _ I

(sy -‘D. A. s." in the Montreal ' _

Gazette)

blaze forth~in their 8129-ta" 3i°1°Y~ and it is inthe evening hours. at this tim, of the year, that they

Not only are the 81°-“dwf °°“`

stellations in the whole heavens mon visible, to any wh° We W, lift their eyes above the level of, the housetops, but no less than olgnt or the fifteen first mazniwdei stars that can. ever be seen from points in Canbdih orion, the most ma8“m°°nt °f

all t.h¢ const/ellatiolls, is standinll nearly upright. in the s°“¢h» his figure plainly outlined by four sem; ,no ,plenum first magnitude Begelggugg on me right shoulder. the second magnitude Bellatrix in his left one, the brilliant first mag- nitude mgel in his left les. and sgiph, a third magnitude one in his right knee, the four forming a pronounged quadi‘ii8tEI'B1 figure' that, wlththe three second mogul' mae' stars outlining the belt that enoliolo, his waist, but dlns t°~ wards his right side from the weight of nu sword. whose tip is marked by another third magni- tude star. '

The three stars _ of the belt are

variously referred to as Jacobls Ladder, the Three Kings and the Three Wise Men.

Th., constellation is so pronounc-

ed that it can hardly be overlook- ed by the most casual observer- Neltlier or me two brilliant nia-

nets/Ver.\l.s cr Jupiter, is now vis- ible, Venus having set, in the East. in the early morning and Jupiter in the West, and the most strikin8 single object ln the sky is the brightest of the fixed stars, the silvery Sirius, or the Dog Star. It ig slightly to the east of Orion and lower down, and not quite half- way between the horizon and the zenith. It is in Canis Major, or the Great Dog, the outline of which can be descried leaping towards his master, or after the little ZYUUP °f stars ahead of him and below Orion, known as l'.»¢§l>“S. the hare. ` Beteigeuse, already referred t0 as located in 0rlon'.s shoulder. i5 about 30 degrees above and to thc west of Sirius. while another first magnitude star, Prdcy0Il, is about the same d`stanc`e above and to the east, the three forming a pro-

nounced cqullateral triangle that

In caverns dim, of ancient Thessuly. Beneath the serrous mountains bur-

» ried deep,

_In silent, slumberous attitudes they

lie,

Forgotten centaurs, dreaming fast

Rides on the back of the drear

From the caves of time, from the

P 8

niece.

long

earth again.

The centaurs awake from their

smoky dreams

And ruffle the cloud dust in their

haste,

Ciailoping phantoms of shadowy

teams *

Over the paths of the dark winds'

waste.

And the earth awakea to its legends

old

And drowsiiy stirs in its siurnbera

dean.

'Ib the echo of mystic stories told litre it rocked itself to e. placid

sleep.

List . . . when the thunder

breaks the night. ‘

Watch . . . -for the ahrouda of

the moon'a drear rack

Are the sweeping tendrils of their

iight.

lddying weirdly along their track.

I know that they steal from their

cavems old

Whoo a misty cloud-tossed moon

rides low, _

And a haunted wind in the trees ‘ breathe cold; _

Por .' was A centaur long ago.

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......oo oo..

once seen will be long remzmber- ed. ` Procyon has a companion stu. Gomeisa, which, while only of the third magnitude, is prominent be- cause of the absence of any but much inferior stars in the vicinity. except its more brilliant mate.

About es far above these two as

they are above Sirius, and in ai- most a straight line is a still more noticeable pair, Castor and Poliux. first mag; itude stars in the heads of Gemini, the \t\vins whose bodies can be seen stretching diagonally downwards in the direction Of

Orlon's head, _

High overhead and near the

zenith is Capella, the third bright- est star in the northern heavers. It is in Auriga, the charloteer in which constellation there is also a. second magnitude star, and five of the third, while near by are two little stars, known, in England, at least, as the Kids, or the Babes in the wood. °

A line from Sirius to 0rioe's belt

-1-'~'-1'--1'* in sleep, and extended about as far 883111. remains so for about a week at I

' JU-MES will reach the fiery red Aldeberarl, _g1m,; than it -_dwungg and 1| in,-

_ wh?" me dim' h°!f'd”k °‘ ° '“i°i‘5' of tl-lo first magnitude,_in the cya visible to the unaided eye, for

m°°n of Taurus the Bull, and at the top

_ wmd_n°od - of the bea__u_tiful adv-shaped group w

it will reach one of the moat noted of the variable stars. A1801-called

tion for 18 minutes, when it in-

the second magnitude, at which it

About half way between the

Special llx. 315

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Au ideal remedy particularly

adapted for persistent and lr- ritating Cough: and Bronohlal affections.

It quickly ralievaa the ooh-

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tonic and dash prodacin pm- pertiea to become immediately effective.

, lt has the Tonic properties of Ilyphoaphitea, and the Ilolh producing properties contained ln the Extract of Cod Linn, this combined with Creaote which is a moat dflentivo Antl- septic, make it a. valuable rem- edy ln Chronic Bronchitio, In

__ deep aeatcd Uolllhlv also llvu

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THE 2' MARS

Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention

, l -- _

Wllat i.. fyaled Ls that the elec- Hector Charlesworth, chairman of broadcasting programmes. ' _|us»"»|_-M cgummwwm |

.f _ I

. u - ;;-_nr -~ -L ---W --- -- _-~-..__._..._._ , _._ ___ _ _#_A __+ _,W ,_,., ,_ . rar.-<~.f'."""’ ll'

the west of the line just referred io, la the sparkling littig group of six gtars known as the Pleiadel od' which the brightest io Alcyon. The ancie..ts counted seven in the group, but only six are now vis- ible. _

A line from Orion'a belt to Pro-

cyon _and extended n little more than the distance between, to the east, will reach another first, mill* nitude star Regulus, at the end of the handle of the Sickle, the re- semblance of the group to that agricultural implement being dia- tinct, but it is more correctly stat- ed as beinz. in me forepaw of Led, the Lion, for the Bickle half is nearer the head and forelels Of that animal.

Far to the west is another inter- o.=ltlng'"'varlable star, Mira., the Wonderful, as named, 'by the Arabs. A line from Prooyon extend- ed one and a. half times as for again will reach its position in tha sky. At its brightest it ia equal to a second magnitude star, but only

nearly a year, and when itagau increases it may only reach tilt strength of z fifth magnitude star.

The real glory and majesty Uf the

starry airy can only be seen by the unaided eye. Any artificial aids auch aa even the lorgaat and most powerful telescopes, confine tile view to a vary limited ares of it ai a time, ma while they inn-one the apparent size of whatever

the means of making most wondel-~ ful discoveries, we would, if wi had to' depend on such instru ments alone. have but e. very pool conception of the beauty of the fir-inarnent above us. -

It was long aft/er midnight whel he stole into the bedroom, but llil wife was not asleep.

"What do you mean by comllll

home at this hour?" she enquired

Wall, dear, you know, he began.

Jones is getting married tomorrow and there has been a presentation at the club, and the usual lark-

Yes. alle said scathingly, to sn!

nothing of the swallows.

known as e Hy el,

When._ti'_l;ng_hcstly tree harps moan H, me same ,me is exwnded_ to _ _ _

A ,MSW sg," in me mmm, a little less than double its length. E t R B , i

blood. » ° °

vncol a ‘°Y“‘°-““"° “‘°°‘°"‘°“~’= ’=”‘ Fire Life Accident Sickness:

“ “P °° 1 9 n

It sweeps m command from the Andromeda. It changes fl-:am the _ .

mocking “tem second to the _fourth magn tude in

l...r....l. in W., it nn. .la in f°“f hw- “vii” ‘“ “mi °°"‘”' ` and Plate Glass' Insurance

i bightr , andi four

And l;i_c‘l; the centaurs awake and gxxesmg ‘ogy mixtes is B;a.n of at Lowest Rate,

awoko and flue; von novo turned ......M fo, Surya... hom; - Agent at Summerside, Lloyd Lewis

mm ,him of ,,,,, ,nd ,M |,,,,, ,,, nude, md A,;°,_ bu, 3 ,,,,,,, ,O 146 Richmond St., Charlottetown

T9- l __

_ _ ,_

Y” .Y°“' h°°V°= “fe “fe 'md i'°“f l f`* A A -

_-1’

I limbo are strong - ... ... ... ... ...... ... mcg

‘ Lumber

We have on hand and will be pleased to

supply the following:

Viz: -

Lumber

Bough Boards ..........l......... 81.00 per`I00 It Ill W

s|lI'll00 silblullllf nuoaaenneeeoeoo-n '\~°°P¢f100“. llld “P

M Pull "ml "console

“... $1.50 ptr 100 It. and ‘IP

unglinea rim neun .....'....... Sw par loo lt. and uv

Planes Bpraoa loula ........

"... ll-75 pal 100 It llfl 'IP

rum ua sp-no stnvvios an ner no n. ima 1

Plated Ill Bpnot ltrlllillll .

nee.. 75° P” 1” u' unul

Pianod 81| lpraoa Modding ....... ll-l0_v¢\‘ 10° U- ““" (- timed and Unplorled Bal Spruce ltadding $2.00 per 100 ft _ uorollmuelo rlmoainenlooanouu use nr 10° “-

Also full line of

Joints, Fir and Hemlock Timber.

Spruce Scantiing.

L. M. POOLE & CO.

Paoli’a 'Wharvee

-I _..-

jeot is trained' on, and have by