cusntorrrrowli‘ autumn

Morning can; tloandal In i881) Authorised as eacood- Class stall. Post 0m“ Department. Ottawa

President: W. Cheater B. lIcLure, ll’. Vice-President: l; I. Barnett, FJJ- Bcoretarr: tientcol. l). A‘ lllacltnnon. 0.8.0. ldltor and Manama; Director: I I. Burnett. l'..I.l. Alsoclats Editors: Frank Walker and Ian A. Burnett

u The Guardian may he rhtsined st: llnb looaocs shop. lloncton. N. I- Ths News Shop. Manchu. N. B. . George McLean. Plcton N. B.

Walker's White Spot. ll Salter Sh, Halifax, NJ. Metropolitan News Agency, i248 Peel 8L, Montreal United Cigar Storm. Chateau Lanrler, Ottawa Ont.

l. Alt-ken. lord I-Ilzirfs tlotel. Ottawa, Ont. J. Fine, 854 Bay Si... Toronto. Ont. Wolfe's News Stand, Sntlbnry, Ont. Old Sopth News. Cor. Milk and Washington Sta. Bolton

Boll-lint’: News Agency, Times Blllldllll. New York.

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.‘

SATURDAY, APRIL I 1946

Homes For Britain's Aged

?____ A lctter in the Public Forum yesterday called attention to the prison-like conditions at the Infirmary. But the question arises, is it possible to provide home comforts and con- ditions it1 public institutions of this kind? This is a problem which has troubled social reform- ers for generations. In Great Britain they are tackling it in the only way likely to effeit all)’ substantial improvement, namely,’ by eliminat- ing community infirmaries altogether. Queen Mary recently visited an exhibition in London "organized by the National Old Peo- ples’ Welfare ‘Committee in association with the National Council of Social Services and the Housing Centre. The exhibition showed local authorities and housing societies how the special needs of old people should be met. It is calculated that by I961 one person in every six in the United Kingdom will be pensionable m4 the object of the exhibition was to dem- onstrate how the coming need can be met. Photographs and models showed many details for the comfort of the aged, the main idea be- ing that small houses, ideally on one floor and situated in a sheltered, sunny position on level ground, should be among the general life of the community so that old people can take part in the life around them. The homes should be in their own district and among their old friends and should be equipped with low baths with grab rails, a second hand-rail for the stairs, good lighting and low windows. The existing houses could be converted into flats and hostels in which Permits would pay their own way, have their own possessions and indulge in their fav- ourite bdabies and recreations. Clinics would be provided for the care of eyes and teeth, with facilities for electric treatment, sunray and massage. Hospitals for chronic cases could be conveniently placed, permitting visitors at all hours. This ideal condition may never be_ coin- pletely realized, but it is a noble social OlDJCCiIVC is have in view.

Proposed Anglo-French Alliit nco

The French Prime Minister SPCBkiYIK Qt tbc French Socialist Party Congress in Paris last week advocated the early conclusion of an alliance between the United KmlIdOm a-"d France. Such an alliance would be‘ the com- plement to the existing French alliance with Russia, and M. Gouin expressed the hope that Franco-British and Franco-Russian bilateral pacts might be sealed by a tripartite pact be- ‘ween the United Kingdom, France and Rus- sia. That, declared M. Gouin, would provide the first solid foundation for French security.

London commentators state that the French Prints Minister's double proposal _ not only aroused great interest‘ in United Kmgd°m 0f‘ ficial quarters but is accorded the warmest wel- come. _ There already exists the closest community

of interests between the United Kingdflm Fnd France. It was the desire of the late United Kingdom Coalition Government and the cher- ished wish of the present Labour Government to consolidatc these tics in a formal treaty 0f friendship and alliance. Such an alliance would be :15 much :1 complement to the Atlglo-Russlan Alliance n5 it would bc't0 the Franco-Russian Alliance. _ _ lr is tihscrvcd in London that 1f on‘ this tripod a crouming pact hctwccn‘ the Lnited l-Kingduni, France and Russia wcre _crected, nat- urally in Conformity Will] the United Nations Charter and with full respect for the author- ‘ lty of U. N. 0., then a step of the first magm- tude for citsuing peace in Europe would havf! - been taken. Such a tripartite pact would not only stand as a bridge between East and West Ell!‘- ope, but it might well dissolve any Russian , gtruples about possible regional ‘economic and security arrangements in the West lfoffqswml‘ ing to those’ ivhich Russia ls building in the East. ,. —

Dairy‘ Products In February

Creamery butter production data for Feb- fualyrevcal a situation even ‘less satisfactory than? that rcmrted in the preceding month. The decline of l8 per cbnt in the" February make. combined, with a 15.6 per cent 161111.010". "1 ‘lamina-y, make it necessary to draw more heav-

_ on jiltorolze stocks‘. Conssnueptlv. 110M111!!!

“l ‘from andtdxlnlhlelv 36 uilltlan pounds ' I “tut 1o million‘ pounds ml , ’ ' ‘fies crnmet-vhugrqr. vibtttmlt mumptlon; ii d» Tit ‘Minds

i‘ two

"mfi {M11733 pounds in anus to 62 Wl-[nds i" Fqliliily; and toJ contxiiiue 0n7its has“ m? i 3H1“! Period the disappearance “fluid ha“? lxitqfidedlliat of January by well °V°Y "Kw-quarter's of _a million pounds. The Fall?“ dlsa-Plfililarlce tin February was approx- lmalel)’ 1 P-l-"jlimllifin- pounds greater than that of the same‘ month last you. _

Thcjoutlook for the future offers little QPWFIQMU for optimistic. speculation. Milk production was approximately. 926 million lJQuflds iOt. January, which~rcprescnts a dc- clme of three per cent as compared with the same month of 1945. A detailed examination of the various items which make up this pro- duction figure would ‘indicate that the most‘ significant decline occurred in the quantities of milk used for cheese making and for the manu- facture of concentrated milk products, both be- mg reduced 28 per cent as compared with the same month last year. Milk used for the pro- duction of creamery butter registered a re- duction of only 16 per cent, but the latter is of greater relative importance, taking approx- ilnatcly one-quarter of the milk supply as com- pared with only five per cent used for the two products just mentioned. The total used in all factory products, showed a decline of 18 per cent below that of January 1945. Fluid sales, on the other hand, advanced from 337 mil- lion pounds in January 1945 to 359 million pounds in the same month of 1946, an increase 0f seven per cent. Notwithstanding the scarcity of butter and the high prices offered for dairy products, farmers appear to be using greater quantities of milk and cream for home con- sumption. This development began during the latter part of I945, and in January 1946 an in-

crease of three per cent was indicated.

Produciton of creamery butter in February was recorded at 8,623,000 pounds as compared with 10,559,000 in the corresponding month of last year, and in the first two months of, the year, 18,271,000 pounds as compared with 21,- 981,000. February cheesc make was 1,294,000 pounds as compared with 2,037,000, and in the cumulative period, 3,139,000 pounds as oom- pared with 4,594,000. February output of con- centrated milk products amounted to 11,590,000 pounds as compared with 12,635,000, and in the two mouths, January and February, 23,- 565,000 pounds were produced as compared with 27,256,000.

s-EDITORIAL NOTES-

A Government bureau wants to conserve flour by banning pic crust. The feeling grows, says an exchange, that something ought to be done about banning the crust of bureaucrats.

While the general policy 0f farm subsid- ies is being continued this year at Ottawa, this does not apply to subsidies paid on vegetables for canning, according to a statement tabled in the House of Commons. There are no floor prices on these products other than minimum prices fixed by solneffghi provinces.

Here is how the gross tiational debt of Canada has grown the past fe\v years, the fig- nrgs in each case being for the fiscal year end- “l/ng March 31: 1943,'$9,228,252,o12; 1944, $I2.359.I23.23°; 1945. $IS.7I2.I31»527- The percentage of debt charges to total revenue which was 9-00 in I943 and 9.48 in 194.4, in- creased in 1945 to 12.05.

1C U i

The quantity of butler in storage in Can- ada as at March I, of this year: crcamery but- ter, 9,663,781 pounds; dairy butter, 17,304 pounds; whey butter, 78,688 pounds; total 9,- 759,733 pounds. This compares with a total of 20,341,881 pounds in 1945. Checsc in stor- age on March 31 of this year amounted to 19,394,994 pounds as against 23,697,271 pounds in I945. - v n- » a

The Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy plans t0 take its appeal for sovereignty t0 the 'United NationsCouncil meeting in New York. This was announced by William Smith, secre- tary of the Six Nations Confederacy of here- ditary chiefs, who said similar appeals had been made t0 the League of Nations and to the org- anization meeting of the United Nations at San Francisco.

a s

Santi Raphael, Italian painter, died this date 1520; his Vision of a Knighyis in the Na- tional Gallery, London, and his St. Mir/tar! and St. George, in the Louvre, Paris, his dec- oration of the Vatican Willi a series of paint- ings depicting philosophical and historical cvolu- tion from paganism to Christianity, include Poetry, or l/Ic Pnrnarrar, T/n: Dispute of the Sarrrlnwill, Philosophy, in [he School of Ath- ens, Deliverance of Peter From Prison.

i! i!

Ii It

Tomorrow, annual Canadian Prison Sun- day, at which special services in eighty-three Canadian penitcntiarics, PTiSOIICFS, reforma-

» tories and jails are being held by Salvation

Army units. Some 11,000 persons are in cus- tody on the average in Canada. Last year 2,- 737 services were conducted by the Sah/ation Army in Canadian prisons and pcnitentiarics, and during the year 1,668 persons were handed over by nmgisuates to the care of Salvation Army officers. But here is the best news item of ‘all: About 87 pet‘ cent of the men and women paroled to the Salvation my make good. ac- tording to Licut. Colonel allsec Bunton, head f thislgrand old organization's prison'depart- ment. i a a s a . In view of the current cancer controlcam- paign in this country, it irinteresting to note ttgatHin the Old’ Country tfe3fiéi§cflf of- cancer y ~ _- o ' extract‘ veioped/by a- ‘Brltfs

London. ', _ hos

, Oil

Service was too remote from the

i l" _ mm. but; investigated "um . 1 by. the British "TMedltal ‘Reietrchn-Council. The

Dally tarp... states that". than

Notes By 771a W».-

crested a s lrt of aggrandlzement in that old Inlin in Moscow of which even the 02ers never dream- ed. Whlic this Condition exists, the omens surely cannot be very or- able to Russia's securing loans in Britain, the United States or Ca- nada. —8t. Catharine: Standard.

Officials in several Government departments are to cease lending ooid austere letters ‘ inning “Dear Sir, I am directed by the Minister." Instead, they will wrlte warm human letters beginning: “Dear Mr. Smith, I am glad to tell you." That ls because Minis- ters have been giving "How to be human" talks to their staffs fol- lowing complaints that the Clvil

public. —I.ondon Express,

Belilgorence and short tempers we have come to expect among hockey players and wrestlers. But from chess players we had hoped for something better. The account; of the international tournament now being played ln England have reduced the moat profound disil- uslonment. Heated words have been exchanged between Opocen- sky, the Czech protagonist, and ‘Pratakower, the Polish master. Tratakovwer claimed his game on the grounds that his opponent had foiled to make the required 43 moves in the. first flve hours. Op- ocensky submitted that 'I‘ratakow- er's qwn record on the score sheet was mdeclpherable. Officials in- tervened before actual blows were struck. -Winnlpeg Free Press.

It is curious to note that Ralph Waldo Emerson, “the Sage of Con- cord, who foresow so many things, foresaw atomic energy also, e Montreal Gazette comments. And 1t 1s interesting to note that his confident optimism made hlm cer- tain that it would mean the end of war. In a lecture on The Fortunes of the Republic, delivered in the Old South Church on March 30, 1878, he s ke these words: “Our sleepy clvl lzatlon. ...is very scorn- llll about bows and arrows and reckons Greeks and Romans little better than Indlans and bow-and- arrow times. As if the earth, water, 8H“. light and calories have not a million enerxim, the discovery of any one of which would change the art of war again, and put an end to war by the extermlrmting forces man can apply."

Was It only a few short years ago that a plane ride was con- sldered a dangerous way to travel, and none but the very daring ven- tured to take wing? Remember when you were inclined to agree with the frequent predictions: "It never can be as safe as ground travel" and "It won't ever be popu- lar?" _We1l, the National Safety Council has recently reported that 18 American airlines completed their 1944 operations without a slnge. fatal accident. Moreover, United Alr Lines, Inc., was grant- ed the council's special wartime Distinguished Servlce-to-Ssfety Award for operating more than three years and over a billion passenger miles without a fatal accident. This was accomplished at a time when the airllnes have been flying more passengers, mail, freight and distance than ever be- fore. ——Chrlstlan Science Monitor.

All too many people believe that the ability to teach ls the sole re- quisite of a teacher. It ls true that this ability ls an absolute neces- slty. Equally important. however, ls a keen sense of justice. If a student does not learn to under- stand and appreciate the principle of justice at school, he will proba- bly never learn it. Nothinlz he learns can be of such great ‘.m- portance. Hrmay not firld that the keen sense of justice and fair- pay which characterizes a good teacher always prevails in the world outside the school, but lf he never learns to appreciate justice and fair-play at school he will never strive to spread these-prin- ciples throughout the community, the natlon and the world in his post-student days. -—Owen Sound Sun-Times.

The looting of an treasures in the occupied countries of Europe was one of the comparatively ml- nor crimes for which the Nazis were responsible. Our Milan Cor- respondent reveals how Dr. Pac- chionl, Superintendent of the Lombardy Galleries, successfully hld the masterpieces of the North- ern Italian museums in n safe spot near the Swiss frontier Had the need arisen the pick of them would have been smuggled across the frontler to hospitable Switzer- land. The need dld not arise, though the hiding places of pictures by al- most every Itallan master of the first rank were known to thou- sands. Partisan: kent watch over the secret stores, and allied airmen duly warned, gave them a wide berth. Goerlng, plundering like an- other Nero, actually succeeded ln getting his stolen goods from Italy into Germany, but happily all have been recovered. Forty packing cases containing treasures looted by Mussolini from the Rome gal- leries when he left the capital were cleverly lntercepted and rescued ln transit under the very noses of the

S. men to whose custody they had b entrusted. -- London Times.

“I'll! WAY. TRUTH, AND. ‘l’!!! LII!” ll f.” Will‘; and day . - And the. 11:1: whlmerlngs of hall fr» We ‘do not fear at alL-Hs is the 1 Way. 4

We do notf who Thouah trlalesgprsss

Wc dc not. doubt.

I-lbianvictorylnthewarhaa.

buds, St. Christopher Nevis, Mont- serrat Anguilla, Sombrero and the Virgins group with an

are of many races negroes of African descent. Both

West Indies which reported year expressed the view that politi-

an appropriate means of meeting Indies was the end to which pol-

ward Islands. Last year also Mr.

tlons made it practicable.

rue CHARLOTTE-TOWN cusaotan 1:5,,- ’ '"'-'*='_;-

Federation In The vWest Indies

(United Kingdom Information

co

The 1on1 discussed idea of fad- cratlnz the British West Indian Colonies is carried a step furth i’ by the publication of a despatch. from the Colonial Secretary to the Governors of the Windward lasward Islands setting out detail- ed proposals for the federation of those two groups as s start. The»

roposais are now for consideration by the local public and the legis- latures.

Besides a strong local sentiment 1n the two groups of islands the chief difficulties which have hith- erto prevented practical steps to- wards federation are communica- tlons and, finance. Wlth the and of the war, however, an improve‘- ment ln air transport and other forms of'lnter-lsland communica- tion ls on the. vozay.‘

In the resent despatch, M! George Hal suggests that the ob- ject sho d be the complete amal- gamatlo of the two groups into one Colony with one Governor, one Executive and one legislative Council, the present legislatures in the Islands being replaced in each Island by a local Council to deal with matters of purely local con- cern. The Central Legislative Coun- cll would have a minority of cen- tral offlclals and a majority of nominated and elected members drawn equally from the two groups. The despatch offers to continue fl- nanclal assistance to the Colonies which are grant aided, also a grant under the Colonial Development and Welfare Act to meet the extra expense of federation. ' ”

The Windward Islands consist of four Islands, St. Lucia, St. Vin- cent, Grennda and Dominica vzlth s total area of 8w square miles and an estimated population in 1939 of 265,817. The Leeward Is- lands \vlth a total area. of square miles include Antigua, Bar-

estimated population of 92.7%. The people

but chiefly grou s lie at the eastern end of the arlbbeanfef. '

The Royal Commission on the

last cal federation while not in itself the pressing needs of the West

icy should be dlrected. It slilzested that a practical teat of, the advan- tages of federation be made by combining the Leeward and Wind-

Stanley, then Colonial Secretar. stated that the aim of Brltlsh po - Icy should be to develop federa- tion at such time as the balance of opinion ln the various Colonies was ‘in favour of the change and the development of communica-

I-le pointed out that in modern conditions it ls becoming more dif- ficult for very small political units to maintain fbll independence in all aspects. He therefore urlzetf Lhs West Indian Colonles in develop- lng self-governing institutions to keep 1n view the larger project of federation. The United Kin!- dom recognized that differences of historical tradition, social orcnnl- zatiun and political development, added to the administrative dif- ficulties of communication between islands often widely separated. made Immediate, total federation impracticable. The ultimate aim of fcderatinn would be full internal self-government within the Brit- ish Commonwealth, but that would require financial independence to make it real. _ . '

Some unification of the local services of the Windward Leeward Islands has already btsn effect- ed. Judlclal, legal and police scr- vlces are being amalgamated and the two groups also share com- missioners for agriculture and edu- cation. Further unification would benefit both Government and peb- ple by a widening range of selec- tlon of officials, standardizing their qualifications and offering greater scope for special talents.

Attention has been given to de- veloping unified action in admin- istrative and economic fields while fostering the growth of citizenship and a sense of responsibility. As a step towards the latter particu- lar importance ls attached to vil-

TO-NIGHT

IOIOIIOI MINI!

lllrVlfllfllll l-IXITIVI Dependable-Pleasing lrtlanl

Rurrumro?

-' ‘...'.“.fl§"t.fi"'l.'“'.i2

p“? . "lb mmislw. ya“ Imam ma?‘

,; , .. J. H. caption th

Ill‘ U! Hill. 1C8.‘ w i Itplfllgiflllyifil t ' Pr», lleaslve Oonlervatlv f Canada. Jets " e exainglc lltlcal wor wh re it namely, on th hllhostpllne-

rvlce. - . w. Mscdonnsll reslnud

c. act. was no‘ whim forest In politics was interest, that he believes tn get- ting down in the dusty ‘arena to - . . do the practical chores of s party. th _ Good t would be for Canada, for Ilnnas Borsall , thcflowu which ‘Emile llfe,-had the pioneers found onlrudcnoll odormclla. For ' Island. - _ . . . On July 16, IOU. their descend-

politics and our we more J. M. all too many of our business and v professional leaders act as if they ants e a beautiful, monu- believed actlcal politics to bslment on the little. island to.ths beneath t em. Forever lamentln memory ‘of th nobl ancestors the state of government, too o-,who braved the soherotis ocean ten ustly attacking Parliament Joya s to reach this land of peace and pol tlclana they are too inoiln- and ' ed to leave fftlcs to others; want I do hope the ‘ruin Bower will the palm without the dust. - be en tbs emblem. cfrny M- I am, Sir, etc. LENA VISBIY,

oscn , Yet politics, ln a dqnocracy, ls tlve Province. not for the few; not sornethlng- .' that any of us has a right to 13-‘ (MI-I.) noro or to think of so beneath HDevcnBL, 38d Prllflftil, lCtllllt/‘G, paactloiltpar-i. Portland, .Mllne. pa on n po cl. a u y o —i—-—- PIICONAL IAIIIIICI

cltizcnshlp- s duty, the denial cf | ‘diriciinrii imimi u cimgiiifii amour Kenya (on

W9 Elm l C! l . —' -' gzsertlon of pong]? ‘cliesertion s: m 36400 1c in Inna