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TllE BHARLUTTETDWN GUARDIAN

President-JV. Chutn- l. IcLura. ll. l‘. , l

Vue-rroaldonlwl. B. Burucll U.

l. r I Booretarr-Llout. Col. IJ. A. llaolllllnon, l). b. ' ’ Editor nml Managing Director-AI. B. llurnett p? Alaucluh Edlton-dfrank Walker uud D. K. Currlo "911"

I Iurulng Dally (founded I087) $5.00 per year (In advance) delivered. 14,50 p" your (In advance) mulled In Canada and Unltrd Stat".

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1931

sures opened up in the earth, parts of the sea turned into dry land, and hospitals and nurses’ homes collapsed upon their unfortunate inmates. The heavy toll of life is the more surprising because ‘in the history of New Zealand from 18-18 to 1928, only seven persons krowiccigc‘ lost their lives through earthquakes.

while it do“ not "round to be c‘? - One shock since thcn was respon- sible for seventeen dcaths. Naturally

haustivc, it furnishes striking evim I t l ‘ l l, ltd * t ' . i . t < . '

dent's» of thc fact that. in the shortl- w mew“ m ‘L mum ms law e ,wcrlrl wide sympathy, and relief 0r-

‘izanizatitins arc already functioning

The Proof of the Pudding

A survgw of the industrial situation in Canada folliwing the introduction of the Exznnctt t-uilfl‘ policies has bccn made by the Monti-cal Star. The sur- vey deals with actual results of which

the Star has (lefiiiite

lpaco of a fr“ months, the first grczit test or‘ tariff ]1l‘Ol‘.".‘l.i0ll sea new factories coming

in Canada in, old ones extending plants, and the reop- ening of others long closed. Here are‘ the tabulated facts.‘ I

The location in Canada of 20 branch factories 0f foreign indus- tries involving :1 capital expenditure 0f $5,000,000, and employment for ziiorc than 2,000 Canadian workers. (The chcapncss with which firms from abroad are able to locate here which is a feature of the foregoing figures which will immediately strike one, is due to the fact that there is no scarcity of idle plants for them to occupy. and that in practically no cases are they being required lo erect their own build- ixitys.)

Plant extension program: on the part of nine existing Canadian ii:- dustixes entailing the six-riding of

in the quake zone, though as yyetflct- forts are being directed solely to ald- ing the injured, searching the ruins for “till living victims, and preparing for a general evacuation of the area.

The catastrophe in New Zealimrl recalls the terrible earthquakes pf other years. Japan, the scene of many seismic disturbances, suffered the most destructive upheaval on record in September, 1923, the roll of killed and injured being officially stated at 99,331 (lead, 103,733 wound- ed, and 43,476 missing. An apprec- iable portion of these casualties was attributable the which followed the quake, and which

to con flagratlon

91045000‘ and [he ‘lmfllulmlent’ was the cause of more than 95 per Win-n couple-toil. uf Zi,;)00 more “UYKUFS, m-nt o1‘ the property Liomage, estim-

Tlir- i-stitblislinient of flve new

, it d a- re sresentin - loss of £1,000,- Cllllllfllllli industries with expendi- t e 5 I b a

turo loans totalling $l.600.000 and 000-909- etnnlovmcnt. for more than 50ft Anew“. roryib], earthquake 0c- Tho vo lllwilltig n: [our Canadian _ \('i1|[‘l| |,a._-._|.,...,~, ,1|.,Ss.| m. curred in Palabria. and Sicily on “"'l" "l‘-'-1‘!"."111@!1t for 4.00 D-P". 28. 1908. WhlFh practically de-

strnyrcd lilosslna and R3510. Accord- mg to official rctums, the total loss of life was 77,283.

The year 1906 was marked by dc- structive seismic activities in many quarters, notably at San Francisco and Valparaiso. In

cascri operations "v I host of l|ldll.<?l‘l"‘i_ ivhirh cannot be" measur rd in tcrtn; of new (‘lll}3l0_‘»'lllt‘l'll'-, but have meant full-time and ovcr- time in place of part-time for thou- sands of operatives throughout the country.

I/Iore enquiries within three months than have been received in. - the country within the past three

ygurs from foreign firms interested eJllllflll-"ke 01 3311- 1907. a in locating in Canada.

incident occurred, the statue of

Ill addition, there Ls the ilidircctl Queen Victoria at Kingston being lffectct the tariff, which cannot be mm“, upon its lyedeslnl an eighth nmlfimu i“ menu“ o’ Statistic” hm 01' a revolution by the upheaval. The great Indian earthquake 1897 will be remembered by many of our readers. It was followed eight years later by the great Assam earth- quake in the same country, which, though less intense, resulted in the loss of about 20,000 lives. The Chur- leston earthquake of 1886, and the great Neapolitan earthquake of 1857. in whioh 12,300 persons perished, were outstanding catastrophlcs in their time. If record; were available, it would probably be found that earthquake disturbances are more or less continuous phenomena and that they have been as destructive in an-

the Jamaica curious

which is creating a huge new pur- chasing power among those previous- ly unable to purchase. This stimulus is already beginning to assert itself in Canadian industry. There ls, final- ly, the psychological change which the tariff increases have wrought throughout the country. It is not too much to say that the adoption of

tariff protection has made Canadians commercially self-conscious. By pro-

claiming to the world that the coun- trys manufactured products are, in the mitin, sufficient to the country's need, Parliament has not only placed Canadian industry upon its mettle, but has also endowed Canadian pro- ducts with a new interest in the eyes of Canadians. This sentiment is in- tensifled bythe severity of the lesson which the recent unemployment cris- is has they have come to realize vividly that in buying L'.'i1)'.)l“.c(l goods when they could buy Made-in Canada goods they nrc robbing their fellow-Canad- 11111.; of bxratl. Ito Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Wlftc,

‘Ilius it that storckeepersl former Finance Ministci‘ of Canada. and department store managers rc- I They first appeared in the Wall D011 U111! lfidfly. n5 ncvcr before, buy- Street Journal and were promptly 0Y5 1110 B-Skllllr: Is this article made copied by financial publications all l" Callldfl? 7f ll l5 1105. lllPY 115k l0 over the country. The story goes that see One that is. It is a tribute to Crl- sir Thomas ivrote the verses while nadlan manufacturing efficiency lhfltisick in bed. A recent letter from I

of

cient times as in modern.

Sir Thomas "Wife's Muse

The satirical verses 0n the indus- trial slump in the United States, en- titled "I-Iumpty Dumpty,“ reprinted in yesterday's Guardian, are defin- itely attributed by the Toronto Star

impressed upon Canadians;

lTDlllCS

- Mflyvr Thompson Bzaln secures the

rostrum: s." .,,_,._. ,.,. ,_ ,_ ,_

t

Notes by th I5 ls‘ now generally understood first AL‘. William Lyon Mackenzg m“; i5 cznplcylng‘ tIi: tme between his 1-9;- ent defeat at the polls and the indef. inlte date of his next victory in writ- ing anautoblography. It is a good idea. and will rt least enable aspiring lwnuclills l0 Brow up like somebody else. .____ . An English law of 1781 is found t0 "lake slllldfly movlnx pictures illegal, Wcllfdllllt to a court of appeal decjs- ion. But the law can be changed vihenever the British Parliament wishes to do so, which m in striking contrast to what would happen if the United States Supreme Court had declared a similar American law to be unconstitutional. Government versus prlvulg own"- ship of radio will be debated at the coming Session of the Federal Par- liament and already the chant-leis of hvblic opinion are running with pro- llflganda. The Canadian Radio League is endeavor-lug to focus opinion fav- “1118 the essential recommendation of the Aird Commission, which is na- tionallzution of radio. Private owner- ship has its advocates also.

The initial act of faith, the inifla] t act of reason, answer to each other as ido pulses 0n either side of the heart,

and both are daring ventures of the mind, at the outset "musings in worlds unrealized," yet increasing in light and vigor and confidence of a fixed 1391511851011. 111st as experience works out and conflnns the original Essay whereby a man throws himself upon the Divine order and valiantly Pursues h‘s search for the highest good.

Many shake ‘heir hendg over m,» wisdom of the recent furious- cam- paign against the crow. They admit that the crow does eat the eggs of other birds, but. Point out that he flllvflis has done so and that uncount- Ied generations of egg-stealing have ‘not resulted in the serious dimuni- k tlon of the numbers of the victims of

the crew's bad habit. If you exterm- linate the crow, they argue, there will {be cheers and renewed activities .among the corn-borers and other maleflcent bugs which the crow eats by the million. They even go so far as to cast doubt upon the wisdom Q1 the hlrd sanctuary on the ground that it protects the weaklings which have no right-and no chanoe under nat- ural conditions-to survive and rcpro- lilwe their feeble kind. '

There may be more in all this than we suspect. Nature may be “red in tooth and claw,’ ‘she may be wildly, wantonly extravagant in her use and rejection of material; but in the long run she does establish s. certain ad- justment or balance among her child- ;ren to interfere with which is to bring about consequenc we cannot always foresee.

Chicago civic employees, including ithe school teachers, have again been served with notice that they will have to wait some time for their pay, be- cause of low cash reserves. The em- ployees must be used to this sorry state of affairs by now, but that does not make their lot any easier, If

Republican nomination for the may- oralty, he should hardly look to the civic employees for support at the DOllS. l-le has not done well by them,

Actitmlllll l0 Owen Clough, form- 01']? clerk of the South African Un- ion, vrriting in Nineteenth Century and After: "There is no greater fal- lacy than the notion that, since the Imperial Conference, the oflice of Clo- vcmor-General of a. dominion has become a mere rubber stamp. The governor-general will no longer b2 nble to look to Whitehall for counsel or instruction, but he will have in fu~ ture, even in time of political crisis, to act upon h.'s own Judgment and initiative. what is more, particular

rarely is it necessary today for a d1». Toronto financier in England reveal- mestic article to lose a sale in com- ‘ 0d ti“ fact; that the poem ls being, Darison with a foreign 0110 011 the quoted there, and it is said that a] $6011 0f qllallly- Canadian life insurance company lsi issuing 68,000 copies. I

Sir Thomas, before he entered pol- ltics, was a. newspaper man, and used to challenge the muse frequent- ly. His latest poem "The War Debts," which appears ClSEWlICTC in today's Guardian, is written with a deep and earnest desire to attract attention to the sei-lousncsv of the war debts sit- uation. It is being published simul- tanenmly in London, England, New York and in Canada.

I-‘irc And Earthquake

Next to war, there i5 no calamity more terrifying than an earthquake. The Hawkes Bay province in North Island, New Zealand, has been de- vastated this week by a series of seis- mic uphcnvals, resulting in the es- timated loss of over 1,000 lives and the practical destruction of Napier. Hastings and other grin the vIcLnIty. A5 in mddf. amillgllof the The publication, as the Toronto kind, fire laws‘, resulting from Globe suggests, ls timely. The idea wrecked power and water supply m- , that the war debts are a serious con- toms and the explosion of oil tunkl.’ tributlng cause of the deprefllfln l8 which sent masses of liquid’ flrevgalnlng a. hold in many countries. through the streets, accentuated the The poem by Canada's Minister of terror and dsstruldtioflpflhe horrorr Finance durlng the war may prove that foilowedupon the flrstshock took ‘ tho driving 90W" lflv-"d “cl-W! 0n the nouulatlon by surprise: huge fls- l an intematlonal seals

/.

‘tion to the system of government.

responsibility will rest. upon those overseas governors-general now in office, for, in the exercise of their duties it will be they who will be creating the earliest pieceden in the unwritten procedure of their of- fice, under the new status, in rela-

Therefore. far from the office of gov- ernor-general becoming a mere form- ality, its new status will call for the exercise of the greatest care and cap- ability by the governor-general, as well as for the services of highly- tralned and experienced members of hLq staff. Should proper attention not be given to these matters, the office of the Crown in our overseas Dnplre will mi in the fulfilment of its func- tions, and, accordingly the wheels of the constitutional machinery will not be performing their allotted tasks. It is upon tho Crown that the future of the mnpire depends; 1st, therefore, the greatest cars be taken and the most thorough investigation be made before any changu are established in the old system of appointments to the position of the King's represen-

e Way

m. , Q) [iron W. Raglan. M.D ULCER 0F THE STQMACB‘

One of the commonest ailments is ulcer of the stomach or of the first part of the small intestine (duo- denum) lnto which the stomach emp- ties its contents. It is called gastric ulcer when in stomach and duodenal ulcer when in the small intestine.

An ulcer on the skin is bud enough, but you can see what a serious mat- ter an ulcer on the lining of the stomach can be. What it needs is rest and freedom of irritation.

Now the individual has to eat, and this draws, out the gastric or stomach intestinal juice to digest the food. For a long time it was thought that it was the food getting into the ulcer that caused the pain, but it was later shown that it was the acid in the stomach cfgestlve Juice (hydro- chloric acid) that‘ was the real cause.

Thus the use of an alkali, baking soda or another alkali, to overcome the acid, became the treatment for immediate relief of the pain, and al- kaiLs are still the main factor 1n treating and curing the ulcer.

Now how does an ulcer get started? Research nien are still unable to tell us the exact cause, but it ls gener- ally admitted that it ls not the stom- ach itself that is so much at fault. but some general condition of the system. A5 you know the outstanding symp- tom is distress in the region of the stomach which comes on at a definite time aft/er eating. In some individuals it is two hours, in others three. and in others it. may be four or more hours. In about half the cases it ls really more of a discomfort pressure or fullness than a. pain, and in the other half it is an actual pain which may be of boring or gnawing, cramp- llke or cutting nature.

And the pain is always relieved by taking food or a dose of baking soda or other alkali.

Now there are two things for ulcer patients to remember. Dr. Ralph C. Brown, Chicago, shows that medical treatment results in a permanent cure .\:i about 50 per cent of the cases and another 30 per cent get relief; about 20 per cent require surgery for a cure. Further, he states that the reason for the poor results in medical treatment in some cases was because the pat- ients did not continue the treatment for the length of time that was really necessary.

The second point. The idea that cancer followed ulcer was not proven in his experience.

Canada and Russia

In concluding a review of Russian economic developments as they re- late to Canada, The Financial Post, Toronto, says:

“What do Russian deveiopments mean to Canada? So fur it is the wheat market that has suffered most: from Soviet ‘dumping.’ although complaints are already being made about other products (e. g, timber and pulpwood). It seems probable that Russia. will become an increas- ingly important factor in the in- ternational wheat market; and the urgent need of foreign credits to complete the Five Year Plan seems likely to induce at least occasional sacrifice sales. On the other hand. it is possible that the United States, by diminishing its export surplus, may compensate to some ciztent for the probable increase in Russian wheat. Moreover an improvement in the Russian standard of living- and there is great room for it-mlght mean a considerable increase in the domestic dsmand. and s. subsequent lessening of pressure abroad.

"And, finally, it seems probable that Canadian wheat lands tilled by Canadians using the best ‘Made in Canada. equipment can grow wheat, in the average season, at least as cheaply as Russian farms manned by Rusclan peasants using agricultural implements made in these new Russian factories. The same reasoning" seems to apply to other products. In the long run Canada. can probably adjust herself to any fati- compotltlon; but goods produced by forced labor, or bought with depreciated currency to be sold abroad for what they will bring, may for s time react injuriously on certain Canadian industries."

_.___§___._..___

War lnoculatss men with a rude but effective philosophy, for the sol- dier experiences much of life ln a little time-A. B. Conway.

Time and space are but the physiological colors vmlch the aye makes, but the soul is light; where it is, is day; vvhsrs it was, is night; and history ls but an lmpsrtineuce and an inlury Iltbo anything more than l. cheerful apologuo or

War Debts

The

The following striking poem by Rt Hon. Sir Thomas Vlhite, K. C., M. 0. appeared in a recent issue of the

Toronto Globe:

Oli, War debts and reparations, You're o. blight on all the nations, You embitter their-relations,

You're the chief of all causation: 0f their woes and tribulations,

Of the problems that perplex them, Of the ills that grieve and vex them Of the burdens that oppress them, And the sufferings that distress

them, The anxieties that fret them, And the dangers that beset them!

You have caused world-wide priva- tlon,

Unemployment, want, starvation, Trade and industry stagnation;

You have caused humiliation, Hatred and rccrimination,

{Anger and denunciation,

vehement oxposttilation,

Armament, war preparation!

Let us with sincere intention

Call forthwith a iworld convention, With no national abstention,

For the sake of war-prevention, To remove this grave contention And save future intcrventionf For the sake of world salvation, Welfare and conciliation,

Peace and rehabilitation,

By a. great renunciation,

Sacrifice and abnegntion,

With profound commlseratlon Touching men's imagination, Bring about ‘emancipation,

Debt release and cancellation, Make an end of reparations,

Lift the yoke that bows the nations!

Biological Stations

In the Maritime Provinces the Biological Board of Canada. main- tain two principal stations, with several substations. for the purpose of carrying on investigations in relation to the fishing industry. The first Canadian marine Biological station was founded at. St. Andrews, New Brunswick, by the Dominion Government in 1899 by the erection there of a. small movable laboratory, which served for two years in that place, and later for successive periods at Canso, N. S., Malpeque, P. E. 1., Gaspe, Que, and Seven Islands (new ClarlpCity), Que. In 1906 s. detailed examination was made of possible localities for a permanent station, and in 1907 it was decided that the extent of the local fishery of the Passamaquoddy region, the great expanse c-f sheltered waters, the great variety of dcipt-hs, and the exceptionally rich feeding grounds about Campcbello and Grand Marian made St. Andrews. at the railway head an ideal place for solving problems associated with the fishing industry. Permanent buildings were erected in 19M on the shore of the tidal portion of the St. Croix river, within two miles of the town of St. Andrews, thus es- tablishing the Atlantic Biological Station. This station serves as head- quarters for general. investigations of the fisheries of_ the Atlantn" coast, for investigations of flslrcultural problems, and for educational work in relation to fish culture. Temporary field stations have been established from time to time, as found necessary for particular prob- lems, as an Eastern Harbour, Caipe Breton Island, in 1917; at Loggia- ville, N. 3., in i908; at Little River, St. Mary Bay, N. S., in 1919; at Harrington Passage, N. S., in 1921, and at Hubbard's, N. S., in 1922. In 1922, near Elle.slle, P. E. L, a. site was chosen for a sub-station for the investigation of the oyster fisheries, which were formerly very extensive in the adjacent Richmond bay. In 1930, a laboratory was erected for this station, which‘ is to be called the Prince Edward Marine Station. Elmsdalc, N. S., on the Shubenaca- die river has repeatedly served, as in 191'), as a base for a, study of the spawning of the shad. Each season investigators visit various portions of the coasts of the three provinces, during 1930 in connection with lob- ster and salmon investigations.

In 1925 the fisheries Experimental Station (Atlantic) was established on the King's Wharf, at. Halifax, N. S., for the purpose of assisting the fish- ing lndust y with its problems in the handling of fish ~ and other marine products as food. Through its situation this station is in close ro- latlon to the fishing industry of the coast, since so many fishery firms have headquarters at Halifax. Var- ious advisory committees constitute very definite means of contact. with the indus‘ y. Short courses, lasting as long as six weeks, are given u; fishermen, formen of canneries, and fishery officers of the’ govern- ment. Expert asslstanco is provided in connection with fish ' pectlon. The station also cooperates with Dclhouslo University in providing (through its stuff) instruction in the application of science to fish-curing for the course in fisheries at that university. A sub-station, at the mouth of Halifax harbor, known