° AGE P0111?

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‘TI-IE cmiizmntrrowu 00111120111111 EDIIURIAL Mutts - f

JUVENILE A _ ' i

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BIIARLOTTETOVIII lllllllllll

Martini; Dally (build In Ill?)

President: Llout Col. W. Chalk: I. Mel-ill! vice-President: J. l Burnett». IJ-l. Secretary: LleuL Cnl D. A. Mnolfllnnnn. 0-8-0-

“The Shongest Memory i: Weaker Tlul - the Weakest Ink.‘ FR1BA¥LAPBIL 21:19“

' The Climax Approaching

lii i111 iiicieasitig tciiipo of the air illldtln 11111111 lliilei", liuropc tlicro is some ineastire of the time remaining l1efure the development of the invasion forces is completed and the com- ii1;:1i1.l “Forward" is given. 'l'lie progress 0f ' 11l(‘ll!lI'll;11'\' p11;-.~e, the improvement iii the lll(‘l'_ 11111 >ll\'Ct‘\- 11' ilie advancing Russian ,1.~1! 1h.- 11111111 1111111111.» signs itidivatc tliat 1111‘ 1I.l‘llF 11111 ii11t lte 11111,»; deferred. This. at 311-. i.1'11 -eet1i~ to i111 ilie general t1pinioi1. I]\ 1]..- l'.111<1i\-]-.11 17.111? cnitiitietits. it ii the lioriiitatis. gaz- 1. 111g vaie after wave

tielghted with destruction. helmed b1: sensations of helpless arle is one which \\'lll meet z-etstiig freqticiicv from now

17.11 1111113. l111111e 111 theiit ntove

. - .1 1 111:1 jL-‘llidllitlt that their 111111 lute 111E! 10111111 tit- pattern of doom which they drew in titosg earl-a ‘lil\$ of the war when Rotterdam. \\.1- ~11,- 111111 iitveiitrv were wholly at their ill‘ .1 _1.

1111131111‘! t.11- ‘ 11111 .\:11riitai1 .le=]1l11_\ rneiit

11i1..1-i1i1' ts itt 11i'1'1grc=>. as Berlin l1elieves. 1111e,i;1111 whose answer is not at hand. 11st tmssible. however, to find substance the -i.t:eii1r:1t 11y ticiierzil’ lfhcnliowei" to 1.111 111411-11-1- ]tll"t~ that they will s1111ii be -.11 to dusk 111 a great laiid. sea e ttliiclt will completely crush .. . 1118 .tit' offcitsive is even 110w ti'i11'.-r 11 and the lliuitderttiis niiglit of an air 311111111 1-':11.1-1 1-1-11 “Ylilllls the Nazis have iievcr i-ew able 111 1:‘111l':»~ i. bring directed at their tiithgppt- 1.11111. l':1ritr1i1s w-hr1 observe the swift yct strady passage of formation after forma- tint! of '11111.11l1e1-s 11nd fighters over the Channel @1211 and who hear the ritiiibliiigs of the explos- i11::s front Ftxtii-sv >1\i-.ll\' afterward report that the emi-ettrine |< .1\\t=s11nie. l-itit iiltal titllst be the P111111 1:|1r111 the tiiiiids 11f liertiiaiis who rt-iiize that they are helpless beneath this aveng- 111_- -1111111. and that the planes will rottie again 1 .::1.1-11-.- .1111] the next tlav and the nczct, it1 ‘llll\ lll\'1t'§l\li1{{ nuiiihers, iiiitil their land e11 lmttcrerl into lwlplessitcss and ruin as a pY"~l'.""|tll<llF 11.1 the establishment of a free 11111111? ' '

111.11

.1111. 11-1.

11. 111111 111111 e11 1m -i1i'i1i"1-1

'11.; all tlto-e facts and premises. llierc ' 1" -li.'1t the war has _vct been :1. 11- . 1_v will 11¢ clieapl_v purchased. 'l'l1e desperate resistance which the enemy .15 offering ".11 ltaly speaks for itself. The new \'ictoi_v Luaii drive in Canada is evidence of 1hr» 1"11:1v:t' ' 1., sharcil 11_v till persons in author- ii-. 111.11 1_1 s.t;1'it'1ccs lie iiltcud and that c11.i'1ait 11111111. 111 -itp;»111"t of the incii 111110 arc doing the actual fighting must be- doubled and redoubled. The ltoitour of Canada demands riotltim; less at 111i critical hour. The ivhole naiitiit 11111-1 git-ti it-elf for llllOtllPl‘ united effort L11 tins-p ihc >111“ of 51.100.000.001) which has been ~et as the miitiiitum objective for the loan, mtl, if possible, to exceed it.

ThemTS-tory or Penicillin

The story of penicillin is told in an interest- ing disclosure ntade byMr. Raymond B. Fosdick, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, in his review of its activities in i943. The drug call- ed penicillin is now recognized as a valuable medical tool ivhose curative properties have been abundantly proved. and 1\lr. Fosdick reveals how some small financial grants made possible its development.

Back in 1920 Dr. Alexander Fleming 11f St. Mary's Hospital in London had discovered that penicillin ivas antagonistic to certain bacteria. but no tests of its medicinal value were made at In time. In 1936, however, Dr. H. W. Florey, professor of pathology at Oxford University, solicited and received from the Rockefeller Foundation a small grant of $t,28o to provide laboratory equipment for a chemical approach which he was planning for problems of pathol- ogy. He. and his associates set themselves to determine. the medicinal value of penicillin; and in i959 they accompanied an outline of their work with :1 request for a further grant of $5.000, which" was made.

A year later. when they were able to report that penicillin promised to be much more effec- tive than the sitlphat-tzitttidic drugs, they received a third grant of $51110. Bv i941 the Foundation was so satisfied that petiicillin was of the hi l-test potential importance that it invited Dr. Forey and one of his coadjutors to visit the United States and communicate the results of their researches 111 .\n1r1i'icai1 workers, .'\s a conse- quence 111' this visit research on penicillin was or- ganized in 20 American institutions. and its coni- mercial production has now reached a substan- tial = .111’. 11tl111111l1 111-t 1111 large enough to pro-

vide 11-1 1-111 11111 11111 ticerls of the iitediczil set-- v.1. 111 1111- lighting forces.

Penicillin alreridv has saved hundreds of lives and produced a great alleviation of suffering for many more. But all this gain to humanity i'l11w1-1l 1111111 (‘I-.iit"ll/ll'll1'(‘s on rcsrnrclt totalling $1’ i311, .1 t1i'.i.il \lit1| lil view 111' the benefits wltirh 11.11.» tr-lltvwed .\lr. Fosrlick is justified in 1Liin1ing that "selrlont has so small a contri- bution led 111 .11rl1 mnmentmts results" Han". f1--it'1 111' 1.1:»- 111 penicillin can l1: effnuvelv r1:1'1i'1l 111 .111 ‘111 l1- pcople wl1111-a-11l at FXPHI- rltttitr r111 scientific research. 1t is interesting also 11-1 111-we that the Rmkefellor Foundation helioie; that the. potentialities of penicillin are "fit Ureatei- than it: tireseiit PYlfafiftlllllfy ac- l1l"\- il1f|1l~_ 1111] thit it l\ 11111111111111; In xflpply f1it11l= 1t i't.-:t1111l Ailll at rrrtairt illslifittjrme m l1" lllllfrl 51.4"’; lot atlackitig the. problem of the =_\i'|ll1'lli' rfftfiflfllllifflftfl 11f penirillin, m. ward whose SOlItIOH good progress t; being mule.

111'

H.R.H.‘Princess Elizabeth's eighteenth birth- day. i i I i Over 40,000 liidiaii seamei-t are eitgtigerl in the British Mercantile hlaritte. serving iii (lll parts of the world. 'l'|ie_v account for about a quarter of 1 the men who man the Merchant Navy. u a n1 a Women's hand bags are the latest fll'llt'lf’,\ to llflllg boom prices on the second-hand market in England. New purses are tawdry and ex- pensive but the old ones. relined and with new fasteners. are tiiiicli superior and bring liiglter prices than when new. It 1r it i 111 turning from defence to attack, British fighter planes have had to be designed for great- ’er range of operatiotis-—distaiice and altitude. I11 the Battle of Britain the inaxiintiiii i'tllt‘i'll~ 111111111 tiiite \\';t> about I hour and 3o iiiititttcs i111‘ fighter types. siiict; then it has bcett gitniily ,l1l1pl'O\'Cd tipon. and tiuiv fighter honihet- sweeps are being carried further and fiirtliet- into eit- etnv territory.

I i t I

Soviet youth hate collected heat-Ii ;11.<1111t1.<1oo ftilllfii for the organization of children's ltoities land for individual aid to children m‘ 1111- liber- Kated districts. Health centres serving 1.1.1.100 children of Red .\rni_1- iiieti were oymiiet-l with funds collected 111,- voting itfiuple. \'1'1iitl1 ttigaii- 'izatioiis also itiaiiitaiii i7 homes for children 11f Red Army officers and mcn killed in action. The boys and girls of the .\'IOSCO\\' Region have lteen particiilarlv a-rtive in raising moitey- for this

11111111155. n 111 1s n

E; _ _ Mark Twain, pseudonym of >1111111-i Lang- horne Clemens. born this date i835; America's

tor, author aiirl lecturer; travelled 11111011; 111111 inaiiv \lCiS$lllltl€:- r11 11111111111, l1i~ tviititig- lllll of characteristic l1uiiioiii' whirlt-ltas sriire ltreii designated "marktivaiitisitts": among his ever popular works ai'e “The, Innocents .-\11r11ad", "'l'otii §aw_vei"'. "l-litrklcberrv liinii" and “Ptiddrnltead Wilson": "He was a \e1'_v iii- ferior farmer when lie first. began. . and hr; is now fast rising from affluence to poverty." i‘ l‘ * it

It was announced recently that the Pcniifield, NB. airport was to be scrapped 11y the. (iovern- itieiit. New Bl'1lll>\\'lCl\' .\l.l’.'s 111111 ltiisiness men immediately got llllo)‘ with vigorous pro- tests and appeals. the outcome of which is Air Mitiister Power intimates that the airport will lie kept open for training ‘centre for R.C..-\.F. He said there were rthout 1.400 R..\.l-'. Peiinfield. and when the R. .. .F. ttuok raver there would be about 1,000. Comment itniteces- sary.

i I it i!

Joseph Duntitiitger, “the. toaster mentalist" turned his piercing gaze upon itiagistrzitc Anna ICrOss in Uptown traffic court, New" York. “\Vell, what's on my mind?" the judge asked. “Oberlin." Dui-tninger replied promptly, refer- ring to Oberlin College iii Ohio. “You're coit- teitiyilating sending rVOtll‘ daughter there." ".~\ni- riziitg." said the tnagistrate ivlio then turned her attention to the business at liand-—the mat- ter of overtime parking to which Duntiinger plmded guilty. “What about the fine?" she asked. “I can read your tnind, btit l catft change it." Duintingct" said. "You're right," agreed the magistrate. “Four dollars fine."

- l? i ll i

Canada. will enjoy a lengthy period of post- war prosperity, provided care and knowledge are exercised was the opinion ekpressed 11v .\li'. Alex M. 1\liller, public relations director of Sitiall .-\rnts Limited, Toronto, speaking in Toronto. In re- gard to insuring such prosperity, Mr. l\liller pro- posed that all industrial employees and manag- ers become “experts" in pitblic relations. Sitti- ply selling the product isn't going to he citough iii tltcse times. he eitipliasized. “\\'e tiitist also ‘sell' the institution arid the personalities be- hind it. Unless you speak ivell of the house and its products, they must fail," he said.

1i i it Ill

Allied military taolice joined London's famous "Bobbies" recently in staging one of the great- est identification check-ups of thefivar. They roped off I, large restaurant ivl-iile more than 2,000 persons were (lining. The raid ivas one of iitatty on hotels. rlatire halls riiitl rcstttitraiits, in line with the general tightening of restric- tions afferting everyone now in the 111111111 Kingdom. It took almost an hour for the civil- ian police to scrutinize identitv rards and can} ficates of itatioual service registration. The military police inspected the leave passes and other papers of service personnel in the place. All those approved received pink tickets to en- able them to enter or leave.

i i 1B til

"If I may bring a message from fly to yours, l would say three things: first, do not let the advance of science slacken, for knowl- edge is power, and the pursuit of truth is one of the ultimate and eternal imperatives, for men, Second. do not allow science to he divorced from t1tr1ralit1 Your age has different views on moralitv front mine, but we both agree that moral rectitude is another of the ultimate hu- man imperatives, and that it is linked with some- thing outside ourselves. Finally, there is free- dom. One of llie sentences l .1111 r1ro111~l lo have w-ritten is this: ‘lt is bcttcr for a man to go

—_-Thomas Henry Huxley. in an imaginary inter- view conducted by lulian Huxley. over the BBC. it i Ii iti

During the 11.1111 the Academy of ficieiiees of

bets of gifted young women into scientific work. Then are 3;; won-ten w-ith the degree of Doc- tor or Bathelrtr 11f Srieitrr in the SFlHHIllt‘ and research rlrpartineitls n1’ the ,-X1-adc111v. lnrlttd- ittg the junior srionttfir wnrl-:ers_ n-w-tvtatils and laboratory lerhtiiciaits, the. 1111111111-1’ of women in the Academy constitutes about 5o per rent of the total personnel. 111 indtvidttal depart- ments the percentage 115 wr11111=1t is Itieu higher. .1\111ot1g the women rortespotivitng tnemlters 11f the Academy is Porlivsotskaia, an rtnineiit cialisl. in dermatology and ienereal disease. her notable services 11;. science she hu been awarded the Badge of Honor.

favourite boy's author and humotirist; was 8fll-,

wron in freedom 1h to ri ht ' h ' f g an go g in cairis “mull

the USSR has been drawing ever greater num- 5

i115; "1

lJELllllllJEllBY '

of the I and N”

Ap hhtorlcal nlrve

prohlun. and o!

educational manure! with It

By W. E. Bentley, K0- VI.

Si: William Broil. scientist. a noted pnviilolst. has recently mm:

"There were once lheoloilllns gihofllooked onmptll so!

ea v enomv. that tintortunato battle has b! died down. The religious leader and i111: ssieiitist. continually 11nd them- selves fighting side bv side for the alleviation of want. and distress and for the prevention of disuse. There. at lust. their comma nose briruu them toiethor and the dtword is resolved . . 1 All scient- ists have at. least an occasional vls loti of a vast and tight use of their science for the benefit. of mankind. 11nd sometimes they can so display their vision that. thev carry the world with them . . . There should be an endeavor to add to the com- mon understanding of science and pit its influence upon the commun-

y. ‘As ivas declared bv the founders O value to knowledze “but as it. hath a tendency to use." 1A not rec- ognized that. “from mathematics to Dhvcholozv. there is no branch of mience that is not. needed 1n one wav or another. for some nonlin- atian, either now or in the near future." The riratsent active tendency. dur- lnu the past: quarter century, is to make the mental study of the crim- inal an euentlal Dart of his dill- nosis. "Hus has brouzht. in. to the studv of the problem. not onlv the iltllvé-‘lfiflll. but. the rtsvcholotzlat. the twsvcliiatrist. and a new tvoe stlmertttlfl: experts. the nsvcho-an- a ys . _ This modem vlaw is. the medic concept o1’ treatment. which is 1n the ivav of’ sunerscdlng the lezal concept of punishment. _

Siirvevs are made of cities and l't\\'l15 and of rural communities in w-hirh the social conditions which breed debendencv and delinquency are broueht to ht. and ‘case- studaea ’ of deoen ent families. or of children ‘in trouble’. throusth which the dctrtestic or individual factors which lie behind the trou- lile are disclosed and analvzed.

Modem Concliulonl

some of the conclusions reached bv these scientific investigators u: as IOlIOWSI

“mere is no criminal class, ex- cem 1.0 for as cruninaJ misconduct. has with certain individuals be- come habitual.

Crunmals are selected by tome of circumstances. from the com- mumtv at. large. and the economic factor is one ot these inrcimi- stanc2s._ y

_ uLLXUHOlORY furnishes a reflec- tion o1 me state of the health o! me communiiv _u1 which crime ll allowed to flourish.

"Children are not naturally

majority of

either zoom or bad.

"in me immense chuciren there l5 me raw materials o1 ‘11 coon ClLl-ZOI] 11nd also the raw 111111211111 of a criminal.

"traits of chat-outer are largely determined by the events of the nrst sew years ot the child's life. Wnat. they are to .denends ctueuv upon the wisdom of moth- ers or nurses. me child's nature DEHILL. at nrst. almost incredibly malleable and unbresaionable. ‘1_1-trough the action of their en- vironment. habiu an produced. wntcn may be either hnlthv or morbid

"Oiteir it 1s not so much the chliu delinquent or the adult crim- inai nimseit who needs study and reform; it ls rather the situation in which he lives-his social cir- cumstances. his mode of Ute. and theyattttude of his parent-s or com- panions towards him.

‘there is no such thin: as the criminal or delinquent type. Crim- mat imoiusrs. or impulses teiidintz to viotauon o: the law. are in every one.

‘uuack of love and care in child- hood. an under-nourishment

love, seems 1.0 be logical factor in deltnaiiencv.

“In every sinirle case the actual manifestations 1.. delinquency ivere found to be the ontcotne o1‘ n1 ioniz- rantze disturbance. having its ort- zlns 1n c oo 1 be understood ottlv in the context o! the whole of the delinquent’; life and development. "

“The criminal act. ls a symbol to be interpreted.

"urime 1a not. n problem con- cerning some excepted individuals: it. concerns society u I. whole.

"In n11 cues. the crtmt tzv o! the adult. wu the direct; continu- iitlon of the delinquency of the child. The delinquent 11min i; ti-tua in the vet-v centre of the problem of crimlnabttt.

‘One should look at. the criminal aaasvi-nntotmofadfmnflrml-i- function of society.

“society. and not the criminal has to be treated tn the first tri- stance.

I cure of delinquency can be made!- taken.

“The nroblen-i of crime is i1 a00-

lal problem.

"The low. well as the delin- quent. can o v ciuxize in 0on1 ~ tton with the cmnzei nf the w e

a1 structure of which they form a part."

"Radical and ravolutlo. . changes of uocletv are impuod and advocated

The main mints of the investi- Rttttoiu of these a 1mm fa in the nature of nit-anon : ‘The f! atue o!

s

tv 1n

Am 1.1 clfl 1 f - ltngiieoriigitt. petgnctfdcwem n :

. ll to poor I poor. Th sures ahuu vet‘! trenrhaiitlv. if fl urea were needed, that vovertv ma u an added owl’ t1o dishonest/v and wronk." Iii larizt-i- canteen. it ll the

. . am lee . where the parent; no hnolv e- oendent on charttv and relief or their own mnlnttenmnoe. that. Juv- enile delinquency 111 moot. 11in.

Humor ta the at uliti. 1.1111 the ansurinz rrbno u heft. 1.110 pi!- - r1111. either tor food elf or n!

1i morievtob foodmroiagof leti when crammed f many.

-

the Roval Society. there is no 1,

o1 he i-eJected. With

fume couounou

fllrFmcent reference in Irons to the oonxeatlon of

of loltarinx

between Grafton Street: and Kent Street. 1s ' 1 worthv of our eitfaens’ considerat- ion. ‘This area is ent

nnux- the

are buses allowed imrkfntz term - als excent on secondarv or off-the- mlln streets. We have a. itumber of locutfions in 11111- rltv where. the streets are wider. iivith less traffic. and where the lives of our pedes- trians Ind automobile drivers would not. be m endangered.

I trust that. our Cltv Cotuiclllors will exercise sound ludtzernent in this matter and see that this n01‘- ion of Queen Street receives the attention it deserves

I am. Sir. etc. RESIDENT.

The Subtle Mr. King

S I 9 - ' peeklibaonfxti-eltliit Giggle! Com 1110115 on Jlnubry 31. 19441 Pm?“ Minister W. L. Mackenzie King made a statement. $1 ffltilgfigi . I l S 3 toms“ policy n uniquesnonable defiruteness. the sufleslwfl ‘hi3 "the prune Canadian commitment 111011111 be w pursue I Wm” W1-

al icy with other Commonwealth 80V-

ornnients in matters cf external relations “Our commitments 0n these great. isucs." he continued, "mug, be part. cf a general scheme. whether they b: on a world basis or regional Ln nature "

It, would be of the utmost inter- est. 11o learn Just. what the Prime Minister now mean; when he uses the word "commitments" in W88"! 1.; Canada's role tn ‘a general sol-ieme." Before this Wflr his YW- etgn policy was widely. if not e10- torfously. known as that of no

tmenrs". It. la now to b0 implied that. he has adOPWd a mm forward and viriie tcne.,

But. the whole statement. since 1.212“ 121°’. b’ M" “1“‘1i'1”‘1‘?1¥111"1§

rpm n. term o - way o! thought. 151w Prime Min- ister robably has hLs own under- stand g of the word “commit- ments." No doubt he would ref-tild- iate the accusation that in th pro-war years he was a _"no com- mitments" nun. In foreign 001165’ he did not banish commitments, but. 1m delayed than until the latest

hie moment. In practice this policy. though it made possible an ultimately united front, in meeting an actual state of war. tn-ade im- possible any active participation of this country in efforts to prevent w

u. when he now speak; o! "out; oommltmentg on these great issues doe; he mean that be relecta Commonwealth commitments for those still wider and more exactln '1’ Or does he mean that the nosafby strict oomrnttments of Ccmmon- wealth interdependence are rejected in favor of a foreign policy 111M will keep thla count-r? silent and uninvolved until a situation deve- lop; that wlll_allow no further}:-

Lack of suitable eznnlovment. and lack of employment of tinv sort are two point-s of capital importance in considertnz adolescent crime. To net, work which la unsuitable 1a al- most u bad as Rettlnx r10 work at all. Much of the misconduct of ad- olescence is due. in some deizree. at all events. ‘to dlsntmolntrnents tn

flridtna wor . The movement for vocational Riddance L: vet in its cradle. In land. the “National Institute of dustrtal Psychology has be- stowed soecl-al attention on the needs of the vounz delinquent The scientific selection of suitable call- ltitzs will onlv to material nrosberttv and to indus- trfal offeclencv. but also to social order and w personal content. (To be Oontinuodt

f‘ Be good

',Try

,l'l‘e1 a

FINE CUT

for rolling your own

to yourself i‘

i ‘y-alwuyii, t coin-n. i the tilm such n daltuatlon mdi/ not 6 0P

P011112

B099 dov- ‘niere may be those who would to other part; of w. K111i’: January statement - the reference to “close collaboration" for fnltanca -u belnz so strong u to show a. de-

n, g, mam;- iii; immu- rim non-commission. Yet the (not la that, 1n Mr KIM

re tly ultie iilbpt-ii 1211153 to make lflY

02!.

i 11111011111111

WAR LOAN , -

MEETINGS

April Zl-Cardigan

April Ztl-Georgetown April 24—Klnkora

April 25-Borden

April ZS-Freetown

April 26-Bradalbaiie April 27—Victorla

April 27—North Wiltsltire April ZS-Tlgiilsh

April 28—Hunkr River May 1—Murray Harbour May l-York