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‘ 7 HOME IN THE SKIES. I .(From Bladerl‘s Magazine.)

When up to endless skies we gaze, VVhep, stars pursue their mighty in s, We think we see from earth’s low c 0d, The wide and shining home of God.

gt could we rise to moon or sun,

' ath where planets duly run,

Still) heaven would spread above us for, The earth remote would seem a star.

’Tis vain to dream those tracts of space, With all their worlds, approach his face: One lory fills each wheeling ball—

One ove has shaped and moved them all.

This earth, with all its dust and tears,

Is His no less than yonder spheres;

And rain drops weak, and grains ofsand, Are stamped by his immediate hand.

The rock, the wave, the little flower, All fed by streams ofliving power That spring from one Almighty will, Whate'er his thoughts conceive, fulfil.

And is this all that man can claim?

In this our longing's final aim?

To be, like all things round—no more Than pebbles cast on Time's gray shore?

Can man, no more than beasts aspire To know his heing's awful sire? And, horn and lost on nature’s breast, No blessing seek but there to rest?

Not this our doom, than God benign; Whose rays on us unclouded shine: Thy breath sustains yon fiery dome, But man is most thy favored home.

We view those halls of painted air,

And own thy presence makes them fuir; But dearer still to thee, O Lord!

Is he whose thoughts to thine accord.

aurtrulturr.

INDIVIDQAL ENTERPRISE.

Mr. Dawson was the son of a farmer in Ber-

‘ wicksbire, where he was born in 1734. At the age of sixteen he proceeded to Norfolk, and other parts of England, to examine the best courses of husbandry, and store up for his own use whatever seemed likely to be introduced with advantage into his own country. Returning to Scotland, he commenced operations on the farm of Frogden in Roxhurghshire, in the year 1759. Disregarding the evil anticipations of his friends and neighbours, he proceeded in his course, upon the rational plan of bringing his lands into the best possible condition. This he accom- plished by the turnip husbandry, by the use of artificial grasses, then unknoWn in Scotland, and by the liberal use ofllme, not for the purpose of acourging the soil by successive grain-crops, but to obtain the meansof bringing it advantage- ously into grass. His object was to support upon his lands a great number of cattle, and by means of them to enable a moderate proportion of the soil to bring forth a larger crop of grain than hadxformerly been done by the whole. Every man who, in our own times, has attempt- ed to improve an ill-cultivated and exhausted soil, must besensible ofthe‘merit which attends success in such an enterprise; but in those days Mr. Dawson had to encounter difficulties which do not now exist. He had numerous prejudices to encounter; and it was nearly two years before he succeeded in training an expert ploughman, who was willing to follow out his plans. All difficulties are overcome by perseverance. Mr. Dawson’s fields soon became more fertile and beautiful than those around him. This his neighbours might have overlooked, as they had disregarded the fertility produced by the costly efforts of certain enterprising land-proprietors; but as his conduct had become an object of minute attention, a more important point was speedily discovered—namely, that he was be- coming a rich man. They now became eager ' to tread in his footsteps. Men who had once been in Mr. Dawson’s‘service were always sure to find employment; his ploughmen were in the utmost request; they were transported to East Lothian and to Forfarshire, and every where spread the improved practice of agriculture. Roxburghshire, in the mean while, together with the adjoining county of Berwick, soon became the scene ofthe most active agricultural enter- prises; and Mr. Dawson, independently of his own personal prosperity, had the satisfaction to live to see himself regarded and hear himself called figFathor of the Agriculture of Scotland. SaiI.—Subsoil Ploughing.—The ploughing of the subsoil is a new feature in Scotch husbandry, and deserves particular attention both from the speculative and practical agriculturist. To understand its value, we must revert to matters connected with the constitution of the soil in reference:th vegetation. Plants consist chiefly of certain elemental gases, in peculiar combi- nation with earthy substances. Nature provides the grass ,to a certain extent, both from the at- mosphere and the ground, but as the supply is inadequate for artificial and regular cropping, the farmer assists in the good work by a due administration of manures. These inanures, however, excepting in the' case oflime, do not greatly supply the loss of carlliy substances in vegetation. In taking a_ heavy crop of grain I flom the ground,_we actually carry away a por- ’ tion ofthe soil : and if this be done repeatedly, the land must, ultimately, be diminished in bulk. To the eye of a common observer, the field after ' many years’ cropping remains the same as ever, but in reality a portion ofits content. has dis- appem’ed, and what remains is a very different kind of substance from what existed before the cropping commenced. If any one have a. doubt of the correctness of these observations, let him take the stalk ofao; plant, and, after drying, burn it to ashes; then bray theashes an a plate ofstoneware, and he will find_ that the powder contains small particles of a sandy material, which will feel harsh to the fingers, or scratch upon the plgte. This sandy material is silica, of

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which there is a portion in every vegetable pro- duct. Besides this, there are in most vegetables carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, sill} mine or clay, oxide of manganese, and .fide ‘0 iron, all which, along With the elemental galeS, can be detected by chemical experiments. a. Profits of Breeding—Improvements began to be effected in the breeds of cattle—a depart- ment of rural economy only of secondaryjtm- portancI to field culture. The princile and most meritoridus improvers‘of stock were the Bakewells, father and son. The younger Bake- well, who exceeded his predecessor in enlightened energy, having observed that moderate-Sized, compact, small-boned animals were generally in the best condition, applied himself to regulate the breeding in such a manner as to develop- those desirable" points in his stock, and to remove what he considered blemishes. _ Pur- suing with judgment and perseverance this line of policy, he at length producedthose varieties of both cattle and sheep which, in honour of his place of residence, have been termed the Dis/tie]; breeds. Such was his success, that in_ one season he received 1,200 guineas for the hire of three rains, and 2,000 for the use of seven; and during several successive years he never obtain- ed less than 3,000 guineas for the use of his stock of those animals. Equally extraordinary sums were realized for his cattle. ,Comet, the property of Mr. Colling, of Ketton, near Dar- lington, was sold by public auction for 1,000 guineas. At this sale, which took place in 1810, forty-seven head of cattle of the same breed,

‘ many ofthem calves, produced the gross sum of

£7168 78. There were various other sales of these excellent breeds of animals, at which great sums were realized ; but these need .not be specified, our object being simply to pomt out what may be done in the way of improvement in a single branch of rural economy by one enter- prising mind. '

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MANSION House, LONDON, Oct. 22.—Captain Stewart, whom the Lord Mayor recognised as ‘a very brave military officer, appeared before his Lordship for the purpose of being adv1sed as to the course he should adopt to obtain recompence for a very remarkable benefit which he had rendered many years ago, to, as he had been given to understand, the under-writers at Lloyd’s.

The following is the substance of a written statement which the Captain handed to the Lord Mayor. Names are omitted, for obvious reasons.

“ In thelatter end of the year 1811, a ship insured at Lloyd’s for 30,000!., and bound from London to Prince Edward Island, anchored in the port of Burin, in Newfoundland, where Cap- tain Stewart was, with a small recruiting party. The captain of the vessel, immediately on his arrival, called a survey of the vessel, which con- demned her as unfit to proceed to her destina- tion on account of unseaworthiness, and pro- nounced the cargo as having incurred damage in consequence of the defect. The ship and cargo were therefore advertised to be sold, in five days, "for the benefit of the underwriters. The day after the advertisements were posted up, the first mate brought away from the vessel her dockets, and made affidavit before the acting Collector of Customs, that the captain had, in two gnles of wind, in her passage out, opened the hatches, for the purpose of letting in the salt water, in order to damage the cargo, and thus enable him to furnish an excuse for condemning the ship and contents in the first port he reached in North America; and that the captain had also agreed with an agent of a commercial house resident at Burin, for the purchase of the whole for 3,000]. Upon this statement, made upon oath, the acting Collector instantly took measures to rescue the ship and cargo, by attempting to get on board to obtain the register. The cap- tain of the vessel, however, to prevent such an alternative, pointed his guns and armed his crew with muskets, with orders to parade the decks whenever the Collector should make his appear- ance al0iig-side._ The Collector, after having made attempts for‘ three days, successively, to get on board, and been defeated in each attempt, called upon Captain Stewart, represented that he was 100 miles distant from either naval or military assistance to aid him in seizing the ship, and that there was but one day now to inter- vene before the sacrifice of the ship and cargo; that the transaction was a most horrible one, for he knew that a person was to pay 3,000]. for the whole to the captain, who was to fly to the United States of America as soon as the proper- ty should be disposed of. The representation concluded with a-request that Captain Stewart would act in defence of the interests of the underwriters, who would, if some powerful inter- ference were not made, be heavy sufl'erers by such base proceedings. Captain Stewart, being wholly unacquainted with mercantile affairs, asked what was meant by ‘ underwriters," where- upon the collector placed before him the dockets, and showed him the names of the underwriters at Lloyd’s, stating to him at the same time the nature of the responsibility. To the best of his recollection, there were twenty names attached ; and the Collector declared, that if the nefarious plan succeeded, these gentlemen would be com- pelled to pay the 30,0001. for which the policy was effected. Captain Stewart, shocked at such intelligence, determined, at whatever risk to himself, to render all the aid in his power, on the conviction that as a British oflicer he was bound to protect the interests of the British merchants. He then sent for his serjeant, and his recruiting party; consisting only of six men with side-arms, proceeded to the ship, went on board and delivered the ' vessel to the Collector, and thecaptain was placed in irons,and handed gyer to the magistrates. The Collector then requested that he would allow the soldiers to remain on board to guard the ship and cargo, which was readily granted,~and ‘a despatch was sent to St. John's, the capital of the Island, by

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detailed account of the whole proceedings to the Court of Vice Admdl- swer was returne , raltY- 1“ a re" days a" an fth 0am to with instructionsjrom the Judge ° .9 ' tea to the Collector, and also to the 1118318": ,a hold the ship and pimple. 2181:? 3:03:88; tain in rison tinti t_e a , a _ should aiiive from Prince Ed?!“ Islandhhlt was necessary to state that tk‘calelo .ef vessel, upon being taken prisoner, BPO_ 8,8231 he acted upon the occasion upon .puthority. n the month of March, the agem """fl from Prince Edward Island, at the portiof Burm, and réleased the prisoners, in consequence of in- structions from the owners, and from thence proceeded to Prince Edward Island withéhg ship and cargo safe. The vessel was then oa c with timber, and she arrived in the port of Lon- don without any injury, and the.u_nderWI‘llerS were thus, by the resolute and deciswe interpo- sition of Captain Stewart, protected against an enormous fraud.” ' _

The Lord Mayor said that the time ofCaptain Stewart’s alleged interposition was so_ long gone by that the recollection of it, particularly as remuneration was expected to flow from that recollection,‘ would naturally be very weak at the present moment. His. Lordship asked Captain Stewart whether he had had any com- munication with the chairman at Lloyd’s on the subject.

Captain Stewart (as our reporter understood him) said that the Chairman at Lloyd‘s did not appear to credit the statement, and that was the reason the present application was made to his Lordship. The facts were well known to seve- ral, who were strongly persuaded of the bona fide nature of his claims. Ifthere was any. mis- representation in the statement, he was Willing to submit to the penalty of contempt, to which he must be subjected in the minds of all men of honour. For the act, which had eflectnally prevented the heavy pecuniary loss to the under- writers, he had been much censured by Major- General Moore, then commanding the forces in Newfoundland; but when the matter was fully explained by the Judge of the Court of Vice- Admiralty, who. declared that as ayoung officer he (Captain Stewart) had acted with remark- able judgment and decision in protecting the interests of the British residents, the Major- General withdrew his censure, and his (Captain Stewart’s) conduct was highly commended by the merchants of that and the surrounding Colo- nies, who expressed their opinion that he was, entitled to a handsome recompence for his ex- ertions from the underwriters.

The Lord Mayor regretted that Captain Stew- art had allowed so much time to pass without making application, but he expressed a hope that such a service had not entirely escaped the memories of those who were immediately inte- rested, some of whom would probably hear of the obligations they were under to a gallant man, who now stood in need of that to which he certainly appeared to be entitled.

Captain Stewart expressed his acknowledg- ments in very grateful terms to the Lord Mayor for the kindness of his Lordship’s sympathy, am] for the very great courtesy manifested towards him. He stated that the period at which the occurrence took place being war time he pre- ferred following his regiment to any other pur- suit whatever, and be naturally concluded that, if he survived the war, advantage would not be- taken of the lapse of time, to deny the validity of his claim.

The Lord Mayor—I would advise you to ap- ply again to the Chairman at Lloyd’s. I am convinced that justice will not be refused you. At all events I am convinced that if your claim be rejected some cause will be assigned,and then you will be enabled to correct any mistake or misapprehension which may have arisen with respect to the extraordinary circumstances you have stated.

Captain Stewart—I will take your Lordship’s advice, and inform you of the result.

The Captain then withdrew.

We understand that Captain Stewart is the man who, by leaping from the Archduke Charles transport, and swimming to shore, on the coast of North America, in the year 1816, saved the lives of nearly 300 persons, and that Govern- ment had promised to take his eminent services into consideration.— Times.

the Collector, pith a

A short time since, the London Times made some severe comments on the apathy of Minis- ters, in paying no attention to an invention of a fearful instrument of destruction which had been pressed upon their notice by the inventor. We have copied the following description of this destructive missile, and if it can be depended upon as correct, of which we have little doubt, a more terrible weapon of warfare has never been known, and the possession of the secret by any nation, must be of immense importance:

The Instrument of Destruction l—Having had an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the operation of the fearful instrument of de- struction, the discussion relative to which has almost led the public to doubt the existence of the engine altogether, so marvellous has been the account of it, we are bound to state that no description can adequately picture its most awful power. It is small, about twice the size of a cricket ball, and somewhat pear shaped; it is fired without either flash or smoke, and without the aid of gunpowder. 1n the case of which we are cognizant, it was projected, at a distance of three miles, into a vessel prepared and strengthened by iron girders and clamps and extra timbers. The efl‘ect was instantaneous: the vessel was blown into a thousand fragments in less time than it takes us todescribe it! And thus would it be with even the largest ship of the line. Yet the inventor of this tremendous wea- pon'of war is absolutely denied admittance at

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nohly refuses £400,000, which bu .‘ y Y to him by Louis Philfit Were M ‘ v the most honourable, ‘ well as one ~ gm gallant of her Majesty's Naval 05cm. MM 1 h vs accepted the French King’s of”, i / 4 w it is considered that he has spent 1 ’ in perfecting his invention. But he who bun" under Sir Sidney Smith does not reuse him 1 upon his country for the wrong- done him hm government.—-We have called. attention in subject because we now know it to be]! M, _ as it is real; because we firmly befimrrw , were an enemy to get postsession, of the», ‘ our dominion over the sea would be up I and further, because we are persuaded an," , } for the sake of the interests‘ot' hum.a;9,,~«

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inventor’s silence ought to be parsing. cosh—Age. ‘5’

Tan DUKE or Sussex—We columns /a copy of a letter addressed), Royal Highness the Duke ofSupssxg Sir Augustus d’Este, ata period :V paternal feelings of his heart were un. '7 by that sinister influence which hls‘soa succeeded in estranging them from his merited”. ‘ offspring. Let us hope that the late scenes of which His Royal Highness hashm an eye-witness, and the personal aflliction undfir ’- which, we regret to learn, he still sufl‘ers, 1 be so overruled as to’ lead him to attend to“: , admonitory voice of public opinion, which'lifi‘i I) . been so unequivocally expressed through tfiy > press, by asserting and maintaining {or his children what the highest legal authorities in the United Kingdom and in Germany have , , declared to be their undoubted birthright. The _‘ f Duke of Sussex may be'assured, that such efforts would alike contribute to his public», piitation and to his domestic comfort; for,t h they should prove unavailing, they would the country, and history would record the fact, that the Royal Duke is not deficient intlune household virtues which Englishmen prize'so highly. It will be seen by the address ofthe subjoined letter that Sir Augustus d’Este was, at that time, acknowledged by his father» 7, Prince Augustus Frederick of Sussex, and yet, ‘ ifreport speaks the truth, that son is, without ,3. a cause, left to contend, not merely unaitbd, but discountenanced, by his father, to defend his 'mother’s fame and his own honour. The remarks of the Sun on the conduct of His Royal Highness towards his own children whenthe Regency Bill was before Parliament shouldbe seriously pondered within the limits ofKensington Palace. The genuineness of the letter isan- questionable :—

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“Endymion, ofi‘ Cape Finisterre, ' “January 13,1801.

“My dear Son,—To day begins not only a newyear, but also; a new period ofyour ife, for which you pught. to feel particularly grateful to your creator. Thisyotl can only do by a virtuous and good conduct, which,pt your time oflife, consists in an entire confidence in God Almighty, in a dutiful submission to your parents and masters, and in being diligent at vour studies, avoiding idleness as the mother of alfviee, which is the only thing you ought eternally to hate. _

“At seven years old, you are no more a child, but a boy—therefore you must put all childish things. away; thus b degrees you will grow up a man—which is a good hristian, it useful member ofsociety—to the sa- tisfaction ofyour fond parents.

“ ln hopes ofthis, I pray to the Almight to take you under his all-powerful protection—that a may gra- ciously please to guard you from all danger, and keep you in the right path of virtue.

“ God bless you, my dear son ; thus writes your truly affectionate father and friend,

“Aooosrus runnnnicx.

“ To my dearly beloved Son;

Prince Frederick Augustus, 40, Lower Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-squure, London."

The'very beauty of this letter, (as ithas been well observed.) settingforth feelings which do honour to human nature, makes the' recent proceedings of the Duke of Sussex moreiu- explicable. '

BANKING. —It is well known that Scotland— a-poo‘r country compared with England as re— gards the average fertility of her soil-has been for the last half century a long way in advance of England in Agriculture. Ireland, on the contraiy, so much more fertile than England, is, in this respect, half a century behind us. The mere politician tells us, that these amoma- lies may be traced to partial laws—meaning political partiality—whereas, we think they may be at oncetraced to ,the three parts ofthe kingdom having enjoyed unequally the advan- tages of COMMERCE in one of its most important branches. Scotland had the advantage of many years’ start before England in a free system of Banking; Ireland laboured under the disad- vantage of having'hardly any Banks at all. There is no term which so Welljexemplifies the- meaning of the word COMMERCE as Banking, when legitimately carried on. Its object is to remove trade as far as possible from-a state of barter; but its collateral uses extend much further.~ By the joint action of deposits and loans it keeps all the savings ofiucomeemployed in further production. It that gathers all the seed which cannot be consumed this year to increase the harvests of future years. It makes the tradesman use his surplus capital in the cultivation of the soil—it causes the farmer to use his savings in the promotion of trade. And in thesame proportion that the system of Banks ing in any country is sound and convenient, in that proportion will capital be found employed in reproduction, and the powers ofthe soil to be called forth—London Journal of commerce.