NATURAL GAS,

mentalists have not made much impact on the Board's hearings.

The question of foreign owner— ship is also a vital one in the Energy debate. As Walter Gordon, Melville Watkins, Jim Laxer, Herb. Gray and others have demonstr— ated, from varying perspectives, Canada must come to grips with the question soon. In the energy field, nearly 82% of Canadian industry is fereign owned - in petroleum refining the figure is closer to 99%.

As the energy resource indus- tries are capital rather than labour intensive, Canada, to the extent that she exports raw energy resources, is also create ing employment in the U.S. It takes few men to operate a gas or oil well, but many, many more to operate the industries that use the extracted energy source. Canada could find her-‘ self in a permanent state of relative underdevelopment.

Foreign ownership of the ' petroleum industry has another, less often recognized effect as well. The Shultz report suggested that about 71% of

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10

the dollars brought into Canada' by U.S. Companies to finance exploration and operations would return within one year

_in the form of profits or‘ purchases from U.S. companies. In using U.S. capital to accelerate exploitation of

oil and gas reserves Canada Willa.

profit in the short run, but over a longer term will become a

net exporter of dollars in the form of profits and dividends. In the period from 1960-1967,

to illustrate this point, American subsiduaries in Canada remitted profits of $5.9 billion back to their parent companies and shareholders, while a new capital inflow to Canada from the United States totalled only $4.1 billion — a net loss to Canada of $1.8 billion.

It is clear enough that energy in general, and natural gas in particular, are going to be topics of which we will hear a good deal more in the mone ths to come. The National ” Energy Board, in fact, is meeting this week to consider a proposal from Inter—Provincial

—» X In your own Way.

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taste OfPIayers FiIter:

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warning- The Department of National Health and Welfare advises that danger to health increases with amo'unt smoked.

‘THE CADRE,MARCH l9,PAGE 11

Pipeline Company to increase pipeline capacity. This could well

mean far greater levels of exports to the U.S. In the past, only the U.S. owned oil companies have been represented at the Energy Board hearings — this situation apparently well suit- ing the Board. For example, before the 1970 hearings no notice of the hearings was printed in any Maritime news— paper and only one in Quebec. The Board was highly embarrassed that two citizens groups, the Waffle Group and Pollution Probe, showing up to present dissenting briefs. Pollution Probe is also scheduled to appear at the current hearings - it will be interesting to note the reception that they receive.

Anyone seriously concerned with environmental questions, foreign ownership or Canadian—American relations should be following the case of natural gas and oil negotiations very closely. More hinges on the outcome of these than is at first apparent.

I

MANIFESTO

Continued from page 7

those things the individual seeks to learn; the individ- ual would then confer author— ity upon the instructor to assist him and to make suggestions. Never does he tell — never does he subtly lead the learning individual off his chosen path. The instructor ("professor") is a servant — he stands by waiting to be summoned by the learning individual~ because of some special knowledge or ability he may have. This presupposes that of course the learning indiv- idual is competent to use the instructor to his advan— tage in this manner.

' On the other hand, if the learning individual is unable to determine his educational course for himself, he will

fall into the trap of having someone else determine for him; and of course at this point there is not real education, but just the following of some— one else down the paths you would not otherwise choose.

In this situation you must be told what to study, and what goals you should pursue. This then becomes slavery - and we cease to speak of education altogether.

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