Seger

oans totalling $40 million, which is ‘8 40 percent increase over the fiscal year just ended. Officially it is ex- plained that this estimate is based on a général increase in lertiing acti- vitiés in the last three years. A more likely reason would be the easing of _ the terms of credit under the legisla- _ tion, which was announced some time ago in response to complaints from representatives of farming commun-

—a

_ Farmers are expected to increase

3 ities across the country! In any case, ©

it is to be hoped that the assurance of more liberal borrowing terms really means what it says, and that our farmers will be able to partici-

pate in the advantages of the Act to.

~@ much _ Thére is, also, our Provincial Farm Establishment Act, passed at _ the last legislative session, which is available to farmers of 35 years of age and under, and which later may _ be extended to those under 50 years. The two measures—federal and pro- vincial—should be complementary. A good proposa. was made by Mr. W.R. Shaw, Conservative party leader, that a conference between federal and provincial authorities be held, with a view to establishing a com- mon farm assistance plan for the Is- land.

The Provincial Government may already have had this idea in mind. Certainly its possibilities are worth ‘exploring. If the two government @gencies can work together in this matter it will be of great advantage ‘te our farmers, and to this whole Province im priming the economy of our most important industry.

The North & The Arctic

In recent years the prospects of developing Canada’s arctic resources have been very much to the fore; yet there is still a good deal of confusion

greater extent than in the

about the number, kind, and amount .

of these resources. This confusion is partially the result of not knowing the varying geographical character- istics of the vast and vague area know as “the North”. An informa- tive article on this subject appears in the current issue of The Beaver, published quarterly by the Hudson’s Bay Company, from which we pass along some clarifying ‘points. The —author is Professor J. Lewis Robin- son, head of the department of geo- graphy at the University of British + Columbia. To many eastern Canadians, “the North” could be: anything north of North Bay, which in latitude is south of all of the four Western Provinces. To some western Canadians it is the large provincial area north of Edmon- ton, Alberta, and Prince George, B.C., ‘and may or may not include the Mac- _kenzie and Yukon river valleys of the northern Territories. To many Can- adians “the North” and “the Arctic” mean about the same thing, and can be used interchangeably. : Our schools and our teachers have further confused the situation by teaching an ancient Greek concept

that the Arctic is defined by the:

Arctic Circle. Despite the fact that modern geographers and other writers have pointed out that the Arctic is a climatic term, we still cling to our belovédd Arctic Circle, which is only a latitude line indicat- ing the number of hours of daylight or darknéss in certain seasons. It should be obvious that if we are in-

. terested in Arctic resources we must

know what and where the region is. In many cases what we are speaking about is the Subarctic, which has other resource possibilities.

The Arctic, as properly defined, is the region lying north of a line which extends approximately from the mouth of the Mackenzie river

_southeastward to Churchill, Manito- ba, and also includes northwestern

Quebec and much of coastal Labra-

_ dor. This region covers large areas of

northeastern Canada which are ac-

- tually hundreds of miles south of the _ Aretic Circle. The Subarctic, which

paevers more of Canada than any

4

‘ | . i : . 9

other climate, extends from .the coast of Labrador in a broad zone across to northern British Columbia

remember is that while all of north- though to varying degrees), summer

arctic, but remain cool (although not cold) in the Arctic. “6

The Arctic has no forests,’ no agriculture, a little fur and a, little

perhaps the hope for future develop- ment, is that which lies beneath the }-land-minerals...““. doubt,”. says Pro-

fessor Robinson, “if Canadians who say glibly that ‘our future lies North’ really mean the Arctic. I am confi- . dent that the increased tempo of northern resource development will continue, but this development and potential are almost entirely in the Subarctic regions. We can be optim- istic about ‘our North’ if we are re- ferring to the Subarctic, but I be lieve that we must be realistic when we are referring to Arctic resource

the Arctic is ‘useless’ or ‘worthless’, but simply that the resource develop- ment will be on a very small scale, and should n expected to be sig- nificant compared with the resource potential of Subarctic Canada.”

This issue of The Beaver, inciden-. tally, is most attractive, both in its text and beautifully colored illustra- tions. It is subtitled “An Arctic Is- sue”, and we commend it warmly to any interested reader.

Lo, The Poor Indian!

There can be no doubt that in the past, the North American Indian has been robbed of vastly important tracts of land. But there are refresh- ing exceptions to this rule, as indi- cated by a statement by Mr. Ray W. Jackson, acting director of the Palm Springs office of the United States bureau of Indian affairs. The Indians recently sold land in this desert oasis for $124,000 an acre. That makes them—the Agua Caliente band in Palm Springs—probably the richest Indian tribe in the world.

Some ‘Indians who lease land while still retaining ownership are deriving fabulous returns, Mr. Jack- son reports. A lease now being neg- otiated involves a total of 11 acres of land, of- which one Indian woman owns about seven and one-half acres. Her share of the lease rental will amount to $45,000 a year. Her ren- tal is free from all state or federal taxes ;-so—is the revenue from land sales.

cDITORIAL NOTES

A measure of the illwill existing between Newfoundland and the Fed- eral Government is a report that in several communities in the Province school children have refused to sing “O Canada”.

Proof that the Chinese Commu- nists are not as smart as they try to make themselves out to be is seen in the escape of the Dalai Lama into In- dia, despite the efforts of thousands of soldiers, aided by aircraft, to grab him before he got to the border.

The head of the American St. Lawrence Seaway Authority has stated that it would’ be “most im- practicable” to try and keep the sea- way free of ice the year round. It is to be hoped ‘that this will discour- age the Canadian Government) from putting large sums of money into useless experiments.

*”

” *

The Soviet newspaper Komsomo- lets has blasted the United States for its treatment of Negroes. It touches on Little Rock, the Ku Klux Klan, “laws of the racists” and the general theme of racial tyranny. But it has overshot the mark by featur- ing pictures of klansmen holding a hangman’s. noose, police beating a Negro, the bodies of lynched Negroes hanging from trees. This, it says, was the true story of the Negro in America.

*

* *

For some months there has been a vacancy in the Supreme Court of Newfoundland, which ordinarily has three members. Reason given by Prime Minister Diefenbaker for not filling. the vacancy up to this time is that, in the view of the Justice De- partment, the Province needs two new judges, not just one. When the Province asks for two, he says, the appointments will be made “prompt- ly.” It is a strange attitude, to be sure, and seems fo give substance to Premier Smallwood’s complaint that the Prime Minister goes out of his way to antagonize the Newfound-

land Governmes « ' 5

and Yukon Terricory. ‘The point to ern Canada is cold in winter (al-

temperatures warm up in the Sub-

fish. The one remaining resource, and |

development. This is not to say that...

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CANAVERAL

““We are not strong in the mil- itary or material sense, but we are strong in our faith in our people. In this world of fear and apprehension, I sheuld like to say with all humility that we are not afraid, as we.wish to be friendly with others.”

These words contained -the heart of the neutrality of Prime Minister Nehru of India. The nobility of them is imores- sive. It was the belief that if a nation offended none, if it were friendly towards all, it would have nothing to fear. ’

Out of this neutrality a further need arose. To be friend!y with all, a nation must not ally it- self with any. It must, in par ticular, keep free of any aligr

ister Nehru put it:

PUBLIC FORUM

“The ques-

CAUSEWAY ADVANTAGES

Sir,—_I was pleased to read Many items of interest appear- ing in the press recently concern- ing the causeway. some encour- aging. some alarming. All our public officials should be extra diligent now and watch for any undercurrent of opposition that might .be forming: The thought has been expressed ‘that the cost of a causeway for our small population is too much. That. I think, is placing the cart before the horse. Who can say what the population of this Province would be now if a causeway had been built fifty years ago, and who knows what it will be after it is built?

Regarding the cost, which seems to te rising at a rapid rate, it is my contention that the causeway will cost the Fed- eral Government nothing. Moen- ey spent on public works of the nature of a causeway is never lost. The mcney is merely re- distributed and will return to the Government. Under the present tax set-up all money returns to the Treasury. Let us view it from this angle.

When they start work on the project thousands of trucks will be needed. The trucks should use millions cf 7*Illons of gas. The Government will collect tax on every gallon used, also on men’s pay cheques — those receiving high pay will pay income tax, and corporations that increase their profits as a result of the causeway will be subject to cor- poration tax. These and other forms of taxes will all return to the Government, and even af- ter the causeway is built and in use. Taxes as a result will con- tinue to gravitate to Ottawa. Looked at under this light the causeway will cost little or notb- ing. ‘ Many p>-ple seem to over-awed by the sheer magnitude of the causeway and are therefore in- different, which is a deadly ‘orm _ of opposition. This should not be so, as larger enterprises \are being carried out elsewhere that are not as needful. We need more of the enterprising s;irit that possessed our forefathers when they built two lines of rail- road }across Canada at a time when our population was much less than it is now. They built those ribbons of steel through forests, across prairies, over \ mountains to the coast to serve a wild and unsettled country. They had no hope of immediate financial gain, but history has proved them right. They built for the future. Why can we not do likewise?

Boats in this age of increas- ing speed and rapid transit are pale in comparision with an un- fettered highway. Boats at best are slow in docking and loading, cumbersome to operate and are at the mercy of the é@lements. Some \may point to England as

a country, that prospered with

ments or blocs. As Prime Min- |

Pacifism Not Enoungh

Montreal Gazette

tion of blocs is out of date. Those who think of world poli- tics as revolving around Com- munism and anti-<Communism, have gone astray...They are last year's persons.”

AIDED BY OTHERS

This is a policy that Mr. Nehru has attempted to maintain with notable astuteness. But in pur suing this policy he has enjoyed immense advantage. The work of building up resistance to Com- munist aggression has been done for him by other nations.

But the apvalling ordeal of Tibet brings the realities of the world to India’s own borders. No other nation stands between

| Idia and Tibet. And it is the sort | of case that destroys the ‘heart

of Prime Minister Nehru’s own doctrine.

For this doctrine has rested on the conviction that a nation need not be afraid, even if not strong in the military or material sense, provided that gives no grounds for offense,

TIBET’S EXAMPLE

Surely no nation on earth has been so faiftastirally uno‘fending as Tibet. It was a world unto itself, But it is weak in the mil- itary and material sense. Not even the faith of its people has been able to withstand the tor- ments that Communism is grind- ing into it. d

Not only has Prime. Minister Nehru to face this horible fact; he now finds himself less able to’ stand aside from the distur- bances of Communism than he had thought possible.

He can scarcely forbear some protests against the agony of his Tibetan neighbor. He is faced with the problem of what he shall do with refugees, if they begin to pour over his borders. This problem will be particularly acute if the Dalai Lama himself should apoeal to him for sanctuary.

Further still, despite India’s long 2‘forts to be friendly to Red China, he now finds Red China hurling charges against him. The revolt in Tibet, it fs claimed, was

water transport, but England was settled in an era when the water route was perhaps the’ best way to travel. The opposite is true to- day and the fact that there was a movement on foot over there a few years aco to build a tun- nel across the Dover Strait shows they are aware of the situation. However, an Ish ad comprising an entire nation does. not feel the loss as muchas ‘a province or state cut off from the main body.

If we do not get the cause- way, Prince Edward Island may not remain a separate province of Canada if we are unable to keep’ up with the ever-increas- ing speed ami competition of the economic race for survival due to transportation handicaps. We will be annexed by the main- land and the Island will be used mainly as a summer resort.

The causeway will be built. They may shelve it but they can

not stop it it is founded on a true and x idea. Peo- ple will die, politicians. fade from

view, governments. change, but the truth is everlasting. Children now going to school and chil- dren.yet unborn will someday, if need be, add their votes and their voices to ours and those who oppose will bow before truth and progress.

The fact that the causeway will take many years to build is not a serious matter, for as soon as a start is mode it will mean new hope for our people, and this will be quickly reflected in better living conditions for us all.

Let us all work for the cause of the _causeway which now seems to ave reached that stage of development that it stands on the’ dividing line of the question—to be or not to be— and if we all push hard enough we will be able to tip the bal- ance in our favor.

I am, Sit, zt;

LANDER Montague, P.E.L

planned from neighboring Indian soil. Not only does this charge come from Peiping; it is being spread in India through the Chin- ese Communist Embassy. FUTURE DISTURBING

What the future may hold for India is far more disturbing. Full control of Tibet would permit the Communists to dominate the whole Indian sub-continent, to fomént trouble in the already res- tive border areas, and to strike even at the heart of India along the great Indian plain. These facts have been pointed out by India’s military observers.

Yet in 1950, when the Chinese Communists first moved into Ti- bet and Tibet cried out for help, Madame Vijaya Pandit, then In- dia’s ambassador to the United States, explained why the in- vasion of Tibet could not “‘change India’s neutral position.”

Madame Pandit stated that

‘we (India) cannot align our -

selves because we want to throw our weight towards peace. Each country that takes sides contin- ues to build up the hysterical front.”

AT HER GATES

But unfortunately for India’s.

cool detachment in a _ troubled world, nobody can stand between her and Communist Tibet. The war is at her own gates. It is a tragedy that it is so. Nehru’s detachment had a cer- tain spiritual quality, as is of- ten the case when an ideal does not have to cope too directly with reality. And India certainly needs peace in order to deal with her tremendous economic and s0- cial problems. But India’s realistic Deputy Minister, Sardar Patel (now dead) said in 1950: ‘‘Tibet is a coun- try that has not picked a quar- rel with any other country. But what is its condition today It is being attacked.” Not picking quarrels is not enough.

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Incidentally, you will often find that small fruits and vegetables will cost less per pound than lar- ger ones. Certainly their food value is the same.

Canned fruits and vegetables: also have just about the same food value as the fresh variety, as a rule.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. C.A.L.: Would you please tell me if hot. or cold compresses are best for conjunctivitis treat- ment

Answer: When conjunctivitis is due to an infection, hot or cold compresses can be used depend- ing upon which gives the most comfort. Active treatment must. be employed with some antisep- tic and antibiotic given under the doctor's direction. When the conjunctivi.is is due to allergy, warm compresses are more

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reguiar meeting, read a letter from Hon. G.H. Barbour, Minis-

suggested route from Borden through Albany to Searletown to Bedeque and then to Summer-

J.B. McAulay, Charlottetown, retired Canadian National Rail- way conductor, has received a 5 year membership pin from the Brotherhood of Trainmen, it was learned yesterday. Mr. McAulay, who is 8 years of age, sta- ted he considered it an honour to receive the 55 year pin.

MAXIMS

Be wary cf extremes; the green

and the overripe fruit cause the worst pain.

The safe arrival of .the Dalai Lama on Indian soil-has ended-a tricky and inconclusive chapter in Prime Minister Nehru’s, relations with Communist China. The next move is up to the Chinese.

Throughout the week in which Tibet's spiritual leader was mak- ing his hazardous way toward sanctuary, Nehru was forced into a position that contrasted unm happily with his cherished role as the voice of_the uncommitted peoples of the world.

The man who has spent his life championing the cause of the

oppressed was confronted by op-

. Booming Cape Canaveral

National Geographic Seciety

Shots being heard and seen around the world these days thunder skyward from one of the oldest known landmarks in Flor- ida—Cape Canaveral. :

Yet outsiders were scarcely aware of its existence a few years ago. As in Spanish colon- ial days, Cape Canaveral was merely a place name on a map. It baked quietly in the sun, a dead-flat triangle of sand and palmetto thickets. Near-by Cocoa Beach was a small, relaxed re- sort.

Fate having made Canaveral the United States’ chief proving ground for rockets and missiles, the central area of Florida’s east coast is in the midst of a tre mendous boom. The growing pop- ulation is numbered not in hund- reds but many thousands. Bull- dozers claw at the salty earth. New shops, restaurants, motels, and pastel-colored homes line the ear-choked roads.

ROCKETS’ RED GLARE

Cocoa Beach regards itself as America’s first space-age town. One restaurant displays an ‘‘hon- or roll’’ of successful shots. Ul- tramodern motels take such nam- es as Starlite, Sea Missile, and Polaris. At night their garish signs bristle with rockets, mim- ing flight in a staccto of red, blue, and yellow neon.

Canaveral, Cocoa Beach, and their southerly neighbor, Patrick Air Force Base, administrative headquarters of the Patrick Air Force Missile Test Center, are located at a thorn-shaped projec- tion midway on a long, thin sand reef extending more than a hun- ‘dred miles along the coast.

A causeway leads to the main- land — a citrus growing region— across Banana River, Merritt Is- land, and Indian River.

It is a place of shi seascapes, lagoons, and fish-lad- en waters, of white beaches and

~

. scarlet hibiscus, of palms and

warm winter sun and lazy breez- es. One of Florida’s oldest orange groves makes a tufted green carpet on Merrit Island. Fresh orange juice is shipped by sea-

going tanker from Cape Canaver- al’s hew deep-wger harbor.

But the tropical paradise pre sently has little room for casual tourists. Its main concern is the people who came for more than dinner — scientists, engineers, technicians, military personnel, and their families. So little liv- ing space exists on the Canaveral sandspit that some workers live in mainland ‘towns 50 to 75 mil- es away.

CLOSED TO VISITORS

The Cape is. of course, closed to the public. Local people, how- ever, seem to possess a sixth sense about the secret activities there. The tests of Vanguards, At- lases, Titans, and Thors are as much a part of normal living as television and daily newspapers.

In mind’s eye, they see the bird, perhaps an Atlas 75 feet long, being eased from a hangar in its mobile cradle. They en- vision the slow journey over black-topped roads to a launch- ing pad on the shore. Cranes lift the huge monster into place; gantries or erectors close about it; an elevator carries workers up.and down the multistoried structure to make myriad checks of the rocket’s mechanisms.

If all goes well, a count-down of many hours begins. Yellow, then red warning lights flash. In- side a e - backed concrete blochouse, observers watch through periscopes. Wreathed in vapor from liquid oxygen, the missle acquires a sheath of frost. As the shot draws near, gantries pull away or the skeletal erector folds down, :

Now the rocket stands alone. gleaming white in sunlight or bathed in searchlights by night. Finally, the count<iown reaches

the bird flies, there is joy that night in rocketville; other- wise, gloom. K is unlikely that residents of any other urban area —scientist, engineer, soldier, bus- inessman, housewife, menial, and ‘child—live s@ collectively on an “motional seesaw. ’

Despite its time-honored place

zero, and it is T (for test) Time. |

Nehru’s Wavering Attitude

By Ed Simon Canadian Press Staff Writer

pression barely outside his bor- ders._Moral principle dictated a clarion call of protest; national security demanded silence.

To the dismay of his friends and the exultation of his foes, Nehru sought to steer a middle course, making statements carry- ing com prom ising platitudes worthy of lesser statesmen.

He reaped the worst of both possible worlds — bitter attacks from Chinese and Indian Commu- nists for alleged intervention in the Tibetan fighting and from Ti- betan nationalists and their sym- pathizers for not taking action.

Particularly galling to those who looked to Nehru for leader- ship was his refusal to commit himself on the question of admit- ting refugees from the conflict, a policy unhistatingly adopted 242 years ago by the neutralist gov- ernment of tiny Austria at the

in New World cartography, the Cape until now has stirred little international or domestic excite- ment. It was probably first seen by explorers in 15138 when Ponce de Leon sailed by to claim Flor- ida for Spain. He called it Cape of Currents. :

But the Cape appeared as Can- averal, meaning “‘canebrake,”’ on the earliest Spanish maps of Florida. The name—seemingly in- appropriate as little grows there —may have ben bestowed by the Spanish explorer Pedro Me- nendez de Aviles.

ter of Public Works, outlining a,

NOTES BY THE WAY

er bark, The pulsing liquid runs all day. It is time to come and tap A fragrant bounty in the tree— Let buckets brim with crystal sap, : i stream race skyward,

Unbridled

- free.

But sweeter far than sugar made From all the rush and run of

time of the Hungarian uprising. PRESTIGE

Nehru’s answer was to assert India’s right to take in refugees if she chose and to add that indi- vidual applications would be con- sidered. on their merits. Once again, it left both sides dissatis- fied.

Some of the pressure has been eased ‘by the prime minister's welcome to his ‘“‘honored guest.” But his problems are far from solved.

While it would have been in- conceivable for India to refuse asylum to a dignitary revered by Indian as well as Tibetan bud- dhists, the acti has gravely embarrassed Nehru in his-efforts to remain on good terms with his Chinese neighbors. .

Up to now, Chinese diplomacy

has been less than brilliant, con- sisting principally of a series of implausible accusations of In- dian complicity in the revolt. For the moment, he can do little be yong denying the charges and waiting for the storm to blow over. In due course, the Chinese un- doubtedly will make conciliatory gestures and Nehru will agree to forgive: and forget. But he will not easily regain the prestige he has lost. :

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