Northern Trade Mission “The idea of an air tour of North- m bases to increase trade relations

the Atlantic Provinces and

the North is an excellent one. Ar- ranged by APEC with the coopera- tion.of the Maritime Central Air- ways, a large number of business firmis are participating. The tour will provide for the exhibition of a sub- stantial cargo of Maritime products, and visits will be made to purchasing horities both military and civil.

s APEC President MacKinnon says in-a statement in today’s issue, the

‘northern market for our agricultural

and other products presents a splen-

did opportunity. It is growing by léaps and bounds, and wearein a preferred-position to take advantage of it. Many millions of dollars worth of business are at stake in this en- terprise, if the proper contacts are made and we can fill the demand on

‘a satisfactory basis. e ; This Province stands particularly

to- benefit in the development of a stable home market for the very pro- ducts which our farmers are having diffieulty in disposing of profitably of foreign markets. We shall have only ourselves to blame if we fail in the initiative and enterprise that are required. The departure tomorrow of the trade mission to the North may indeed mark a new era in our ec- onomic history, giving real meaning to our boast of being the Garden of the Gulf and the Denmark of Can- ada.

“Immigration Restrictions ~ Prime Minister Diefenbaker has assured the House of Commons that in the budget debate, which begins on April 13, there will be full op- portunity of discussing complaints about recent immigration restrict- ions. It is well that this opportunity be given, for the subject is an im- portant one. Under an order in council passed last week, Canadians may no longer sponsor some close. relatives wiio are citizens of Europe, Sduth or Central America, Israel, Lebanon or Turkey. Would-be im- migrants from these countries may still come to Canada if they have certain needed skills; but the fact that they have relatives in Canada willing to sponsor them does not ensure their entry. \ Immigration officials say that the new restrictions will give the department a wider selection of “open placement” immigrants—that is,s immigrants who have neither sponsors nor pre-arranged jobs. In fatt, the curb is directed mainly against immigrants from Italy who, once in Canada, sponsor large num-

bers of their relatives. But clearly

e effect of the ruling will be to it further the number of people coming to Canada. *“In the Commons on Tuesday, the Prime Minister suggested that if there are objectionable features in current immigration _ restrictions,

_ they arise from actions of the Lib-

erah government in 1956. He promis- ed that a full investigation will be undertaken of a 1956 order-in-coun- cil “‘because anything in the nature * discrimination has no place in ganadian immigration laws.” The March 19 cabinet order, placing the restrictions above referred to, “Merely amends the 1956 one.” , That does not seem a very satis- ctory answer. Before he was ed, Mr. Diefenbaker promised at a Conservative ‘ Government d undertake ‘‘an intensive im- migration policy” that, would. be “expansive rather than restrictive.” Yet, after taking office, the Con- atives, anticipating heavy’ win- ployment, imposed sharp ic on immigration. These d d entry into Canada only ' relatives sponsored by Canadians, of legal residents of the country, and of a limited group of workers whose skill there was a demand. s more than a year and. this win-’ a year ago.

tive preelection - policy. Even the

overall flow of immigrants to this _ country”; and ‘that would seem to be implicit in any added - restrict- ions. If the home market for our farmers and other basic producers is to be built up, it must be through “expansive rather than restrictive” policies of immigration. Some form of screening there must be, but there is no warrant for placing further . barriers in the way of our popula- tign growth.

His Passing Mourned

A life of devoted Christian lea- dership and service has ended with the passing of Venerable Archdea- con G.R. Harrison, rector of St. Mary’s Anglican Church, Summer- side, and of St. John’s Church, St. Eleanors, and widely known through- out the Maritimes for his broad hu- man sympathies no less than for his learning and ability. Though not a native Prince Edward Islander, he had made this Province his home for many years and was esteemed by all classes of our people. He was con- valescing from a long illness af the time of his fatal heart seizure, and news of his death came as a surprise and shock to his. many friends here and abroad. The Guardian joins in extending sympathy to-his bereaved wife &nd family, and to the parishes to which he ministered so faithfully and so well.

EDITORIAL NOTES

What author has been translated into the greatest number of langu- ages ?\Nikoli Lenin, the old Bolshevik, with 278 translations (of which 185 are in the various languages of the U.S.S.R.). In second place is Jules Verne, with 121 translations. William Shakespeare comes third, with 120.

* +. +

The Canadian Legion is dropping }

the phrase “of the British Empire

Service League” from its legal title, |,

but this means no weakening of the ties between Canadian war veterans and those of other Commonwealth countries. As the Ottawa Journal points out, it’s simply the jettisoning of a phrase which has become ob-

solete. * * *

Hope is expresseft by the Ottawa Journal that the services of former ‘Commssioner Nicholson of the RCMP will not be entirely) lost to the country. One important office he has held is that of a member of the Northwest Territories Coun- , cil. At the last council session in Ottawa, he presented a detailed examination of the Eskimo problem which is that of fitting the North- ern people into a new civilization without destroying their admirable qualities of independence, honesty, robustness and cheerfulness. “Any- -one who can assist this. transfer,’*~: says the Journal, “assists humanity and the nation. We can imagine no duty on which Canada could more advantageously seek to employ at least part of Councillor Nicholson's time.”

Marketing problems are a head- ache to the fisheries industry, but there is something else to worry about besides. That is the big drive which is being made by Russian and Japanese fishing fleets operating in areas where fish stocks are already being depleted. These fleets caught

' one-quarter of the 30,000,000 tons of fish taken in the world in. 1958, and they plan to double their catches in the next few years. This problem was emphasized by Dr. J.’ L. Kask, chairman of the federal Fisheries Research Board, in an address be- fore the Fisheries Council of Canada on Tuesday. Last year there were only eight Russian fishing vessels on the Grand Banks. This year the Russiar-fleet will number about 24

.—all big ships up to 4,000 tons and

‘ing of foreign ministers takes

_ ments that may be reached.

with “terrific fishing Tee

ea | i

MAY DEADL

FLOWER

Khrushchev

Montreal

Prime Minister Macmillan, in his recent diplomatic tour of Western capitals, is said to have urged a meeting with Khrush- chev. His reason for urging sch a meeting is quite simple.

After his visit to Moscow he became convinced that there is nobody to talk to except Khrush- chev. Even if a preliminay mee‘.

Place, it cannot hope to reach any significant results. Unless some settlement can be reach- ed with Khrushchev, none will be reached at all.

Mr. Macmillan’s angument ap- pears to have convinced his al- lies. Even the United States, the most insistent on a preliminary conference, has now said that it is prepared to proceed to a sum- mit meeting with Khrushchev, even if the foreign ministers fail to report progress. It is either Khrushchev or nothing.

Though this may be the real- ism of negotiations with Russia, it is also peculiarly fragile. If everything hangs on _this man, everything must be precarious. There is no assurance of. con- tinuity of government, or “the lasting character of any agree-

HEALTH REPORTS

There were reports over the weekend that Khrushchev’s health is in decline. He is said to be suffering from the effects of over~vork and over-weight. Some medical doctors in the West, com paring photographs of Khrush- chev over the last few years, claim to detect evidence of high blood pressure.

Such specualtions about Khrush- chev’s health may be thin and futile. Yet the fact remains that the West will be negotiating with one man, who shares the mort-

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus

sion by correspondents of question c.

interest. The Guardian does not neses

sarily en‘orse the opinion of corres pondents.

EMBALMING

Sir,—In reading Mr. Alex Mac- Kay’s letter on embalming, I find he makes this statement, “You cannot find it in your Bible, one book we should all go by.”

If Mr. MacKay will open his Bible to Genesis, Chapter 50 vs. 2 and 26, he will read that both Jacob and Joseph were embalmed before being placed in a coffin.

I am not writing for or against embalming, but with this thought in mind: How foolish for men to fear what happens to the body after death, when so few take any thought as to where their soul will be for eternity?

As Mr. MacKay reminds us, the Bible is one book we should all go by, and the Scriptures de-4 finitely tell us in Amos 4, vs. 12, “Prepare to meet thy God.’ We are all sinners, for Romans 3, vs. 23 says, “All fave sinned.” We are lost—Isaiah 53, vs. 6, “All we like sheep hav2 gone astray.’’ We neéd to be saved— Luke 19, vs. 10, ‘‘For the Son of man is come to, seek. and to save that which was lost:

Our soul’s salvation is a~per- sonal matter between the soul and the Saviour, John 1, vs. 12, “But as many as received Him, to them gave he power to hbe- come the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name.” As we become children of God by faith in Christ Jesus—Gala- tions 3, vs. 26, we no longer fear death.

When we read our newspapers and listen to our radios, ve must all realize that the: world is in a terrible state, and I believe it. is time men and women every- where should take heed to God's word.

As im Bible times, so it is now —Iist Corinthians 1, vs. 18, “For the preaching of the Cross is to them that perish foolishne%s; but unto us which are | saved, it is

Doesn't , LOOK MUCH LIKE AN

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Gazette ality of human kind. There is no

guarantee that any successor would feel himself bound by any agreements Khrushchev may reach with the West.

UNEASY SADDLE

But his situation must, by its nature, remain uneasy. If he should fall, it would be in such a palace revolution by which he gained power and from which he himself has barely escaped. In any jail the most anxious man is the jailor.

Those from the West who will attend any summit meeting with Khrushchev cannot help rocall- ing how many Russian faces have faded into the twilight.

Until recently, Molotov (in the United Nations and elsewhere) played a most conspicuous role But where, today, is Molotov

At the last Summit Conference at Geneva in 1955 Khrushchev explained that Marshal Zhukov was ‘“‘so anxious’ to meet Pre- sident Eisenhower that ‘‘he came

. even though it meant leaving Moscow a few days before his daughter’s wedding.’’ But where today, is Marshal Zhukov? + BULGANIN’S WORDS

At the close of the Geneval Conference, Marshal Bulganin

said: “‘We got to know each oth-

er better here . . ; We have laid the basis for a wider coopera- tion between our states.’ The de- cisions reached were ‘The be- ginning of a. new stage in the

relations between our countries.”

But where, today, is Bulganin?

The same uncertainty must re- late to Khrushchev himself. The very fact that men who csme to occupy positions of such im- portance are today banishe:! in- dicates how deep and how high has gone Khrushchev's own strug- gle for power,

In the Soviet Union there is no procedure for the orderly transition of government from party to party. There is only one party. And those who rule it dc so not as the chosen representa: tives of the party's members but through the success of their conspiracy, and their subseque:'* vigor in banishing suspects.

Yet Prime Minister Macmilla: was quite right when he said it would be futile to deal with the “Russian Government,” as though there were really any such thing The West will have to deal with Khrushchev himself: there is no- body else that matters.

But where there is no contin- vity of government, and where the government does not even represent the people, of what va- lue are agreements, if reached? And as no concessions can be gained without making conces- sions (if not sacrifices) in re- turn, what will be gained by these bargaining losses?

Khrushchev still has to be dealt with. But where one man is ev- erything, the agreements reach- ed during his regime are close to being nothing. For no one knows how long, he, or his re- gime, will last

Thomastic

Philosophy

A Review by J.T. Payne

(Cont

(English translation by the Rev J.P.E. O’Hanley, Ph.D. with sun- dry notes and additions *y the translator—of ‘‘Cursus Philsoph- jae” by the Rt. Rev. Henri Gren- ier, Ph. D., J.C.D. First publish- ed in 1948 by St. Dunstan’s Un- iversity Press.)

VOL. 3. METAPHYSICS

Definition: The science of all beings considered as beings. The study includes substance, acci- dent, God, possible being and be- ing of reason, Metaphysics deals with God as the cause of being. God is the subject of “greatest excellence” of metaphysics—that is, the subject of highest dignity. BEING

In its widest meaning, Being is divided into real being and being of reason. Real being is being which has existence in nature. Being of reason is being that has objective existence only in the mind and can have no existence in reality. Being is again divided into actual being and possible be- ing. Actual being is being which has existence in reality. Pos- sible being is being which has not, but can have, existence in reality.

+-TRUTH “What is truth’t-asked Pilate |

just as he was about to pro- nounce the most momentous judgement in human history. Per- haps because he was in a hurry to get on with the distasteful task or perhaps because he thought the question was of no great importance anyhow, he did not wait for an answer. For cen- turies philosophers have been del- ving into the question. [homism does at least venture a_ defini- tion: the conformity between a’ thing and an intellect, or the con- formity of an intellect to a thing, as known by the intellect. Here, of course, it must be noted: that we are dealing with truth in a philosophical, transcendental sense, essentially, although the moral sense is indicated.

GOODNESS AND EVIL .

A thing is good in as much as it is perfect. Every good is be- ing. A thing is good when good in everything, evil when not good in every respect (Bonum ex in- tegra causa, malum ex quocum- que defectu.) Goodness is the forma! aspect of perfection, Evil is the privation of perfection. Therefore; evil’ results.from any defect. Evil is the opposite of good. Mt is not, however, a

inued)

mere negation. “No one would say that the nega‘ton of health in a stone is evil’’.

Good is the cause of evil, but only accidentally; evil is not de- sired of itself. Evil accidental- ly derives from good in_ two ways, It can derive from an ef- ficient cause, in as much as this efficient cause is defective; it can derive from an effect (a) because of the indisposition of the subject and (b) because of the form produced, in as much as the production of one form excludes another form. ‘‘Evil re- quires a subject which is deprived of a perfection due to it. But a subject which is derived from a perfection which is due to it is a being and consequently a good. Therefore, the argument ' runs, the subject of evil is good.

Divine Providence can will no evil directly, wills physical evil indirectly and cannot will moral evil as such even indirectly, but merely permits it: and this per- mission is a good. EXISTENCE, NATURE OF GOD

looking much that is highly pro- ductive of thought, to the high places of this volume—the exist- ence and the nature of God. /—The-term ‘‘GOD"’ is used to signify the “‘first efficient cause” of the world—that is, of finite beings. Thomism—and, indeed, Scholasticism in general — as- sumes that all men have a common knowledge of God, in as much as they can easily per- ceive from the order of the world that there is a supreme author of this order, This is known in theology as the ‘angument from design. Many philosophers, however, and indeed not a few theologians hold that God cannot be known by the light of reason. Thomism - refutes this view. It teaches that ‘‘God, the begin- ning’ and the end of all things, can be known with certainty by the natural light: of human rea- son from created things’. ATTRIBUTES...

The attributes of, God are ab- solute perfections formally exist- ing in God which result from God's metaphysical essence—that is, from Subsisting Being. These perfections are God's> infinity, simplicity, unity, distinction from the world, immutability and et- ernity. ; ; “God's Will” is neither a pow- nor a habit, but an “Aet”.

We pass now, hurriedly, over--

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Simply defined, a hernia is an

‘| abnormal protrusion of an organ

or part of an organ through the wall of its.cavity. This protrusion may be as smail as a finger tip or as large as a baseball.

You probably have heard such descriptions as ‘‘reducible hern- ia” and “strangulated hernia” You undoubtedly have wondered just what they mean.

A reducible hernia is one in which the bulge can be gently pushed back into its proper ca- vity. This is what trusses are for.

REAL EME? GENCY

A strangulated hernia, on the other hand, is a real emergency. This occurs when the bulge is pinched and irreducible. It liter- ally is being choked by pressure. Unless something is done to re- medy the situation, it can mean death within hours. I'l go into this in more detail in a future column.

Now the big question is whe- ther to have an operation to cor- ect a hernia or to wear a truss to keep the bulge in its proper place As with anything else, doctors have varied opinions. Most, how- ever, generally will recommend surgery.

If the hernia patient is elderly, debilitated or obese, he might be a poor surgical risk. Then, of course, a truss probably is the answer.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. J.D.: I perspire a great deal. Can you recommend a re- medy

Answer: Excessive perspiration may be a purely nervous symp- ton or may indicate an over-ac- tive thyroid condition, The usual anti-perspiramt preparation may heldp the condition.

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OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVF. YEARS AGO (April 9, 1934)

ning it was decided that the City discontinue the payment of unemployment relief at the end of the present month. Coun, Hol- man stated that the numbeg of families on relief was 583, and that the number receiving relief was 2,332.

Mr. Harry Tidmarsh presided at. the special meeting of the Fish and Game Association held last night. The question of pro- hibiting the shooting of Brant was discussed. It was moved that the Association recommend the closing of the Brant season for two years until the eel grass grows again.

_TEN YEARS AGO (April 9, 1949) _

Mr. P.W. Clarkin is being wel- comed home to Charlottetown af- ter a three months visit to San Diego, California. Traversing the Old trai] of the gold seekers by the de luxe Santa Fe railway line from Chicago, he found the trip one of exceptional interest. While in California, Mr. Clarkin renewed acquaintances with. sev- eral former Islanders.

Commenting on the report that it was the intention to cancel the Provincial Government bonus which has been paid on Al and Bl grade lambs sold on a rail grade basis, Mr. Walter MacKen- zie, Breadadbane, president of the P.E.I. Sheep Breeders Associa- tion, said he considered such ac- tion would be ‘‘high-handed” in view of the request of the breed- ers at their annual meeting to have the bonus continued. .

Two new developments in ‘Af- rica demonstrate just how var- ied — and dangerous — are the different roads to independence in the lands south of the Sahara.

In the Central African Federa- tion, native spokesmen have re- acted with sharp anger to white Prime Minister Sir Roy Welen- sky's talk of a possible repub- lican form of government in the future.

In Ghana, native spokesmen for the government are them- selves predicting that the newly independent country will adopt a republican constitution.

Kofi Baako, information minis- ter, has confirmed plans for mak- ing Ghana a republic next. fall, roughly along the lines of India. Ghana would remain within the Commonwealth, recognizing the Queen as head of the Common- wealth, but Premier Kwame Nkrumah would become head of state as well as head of govern- ment. *

TWO VIEWS

This prospect is apparently pleasing to the people of Ghana, under a native government, but talk of a republic in the Central African Federation, under white leadership, has heightened-the al- ready rebellious political temper. ature.

Welensky raised the republican issue when he said the federation would go it alone if Britain’s La- bor party won the next general election and dishonored agree- ments made by its Conservative predecessors.

Protests. were heard from the three parts of the federation— Southern Rhodesia, North-

God is Subsisting Love, since He always wills Himself and since His act of volition is the. divine essence. Since God's will is most perfect, God is Justice, Mercy, Goodness, etc.

_ “The divine goodness is the ‘reason, not the cause, of God's willing things other than Himself, for there can be nothing caused in God, Something caused in God would imply evolution and imper- fection in Him. Therefore, God is not moved to act by an end, but acts ‘for’ an end’,

“All, a bit “baffling? Yes, of course; it would not be philos-

osophy, whether Thomistie or oth- er, does not put down all the ans- wers in neat formation. Its func- tion is to stimulate. thought and, in many instances, provocation, and to offer insight into funda- mental things—even though, at times, it may, seem merely a

matter — through a rkly’’, a (Te be coticluded)

,

Developments In Africa

y Joseph MaeSween Canadian Press Staff Writer

ophy if it were otherwise. Phil- ;

ern Rhodesia and Nyasaland— and one powerful native spokes- man declared that a Negro re- public, separate. from the white, would be the immediate answer to any such move by Welensky. There has been considerable tension during the years since the British government began ef- forts in 1953 to link the black Nyasaland protectorate with the Rhodesias. NATIVE FEARS

Although Nyasaland could ex- pect economic gains through closer association with its richer neighbors, the 99-per-cent-Negro population fears loss of land to the whites.

The people also fear a north- ward ‘movement of restricted pol- icies — the hated apartheid — en- forced so strongly in South Af- rica. Recent violence testifies to the extent of these fears and the grewing native determination not to be dominated by the whites— a pattern apparent practically everywhere south of the Sahara.

Native spokesman point out that political lines were imposed

ig] : iti

he had to burn down the pigsty

stroke of politics with his recent statement in the legislature that

tion—better known as the ecut- door house or privy. Mr. Douglas didn’t of course, specifically mention outhouses in his am nouncement that the government is planning to provide sewer and water in all towns and villages

ing was clear enough—Calgary Albertan.

This is the victory that over cometh world, even our faith.

| Poets Corner

Always the outline blurred, Never the single’ sight, Entwined with summers gone, Each flower reealls delight, Each song, another bird.

Never so white the shore, Never a shell so rare,

Never so green the sea

That I cannot compare

With ghosts that went before,

An earlier, fiercer moan

Echoes in storm. Nor is the snow new, Fofeach f form Was long my own.

Not one but many a sun; No single bird, but choirs. Not loss of one. alone, But all my lost desires

I mourn now you are gone.

—WILMA BREI? in the New York Times.

geographic and tribal lines.

Doubtless these wili-be among subjects heard when a special four-man British commission arm rives in Nyasaland later this month to look into the recent disturbances. 2

In the meantime, Welensky has been conducting talks with Lord Home,

possible status of the federation after the scheduled 1960 review of the constitution.

mostly during the 19th century by European colonial powers during | their scramble for African posses- sions, often cutting across natural |

ay

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