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fills: Optimists

Covers Prince Edward island Like The Dew

W- J. HancOI. Publisher

Burton Lewis Frank Walker Executive Editor Editor -Published every week day moran (ekcept Sun- dly and statutory holidays) at 165 Prince Street. Charlottetown. by Thomson Newspapers Ltd. Branch offices Summerside. Montague, Alber~ tar and Souris.

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FETDAY. MAY 8. his}.

of Cl'LLllG'IOl‘.

PAGE 4

How We Were Wooed

“Some books." says Bacon. “are. to be tasted, others to be swallow~ ed. and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts: others to be read but not curiously; and some. few to be. read wholly. and with dill- gence and attention." It is in the latter of these categories, surely, that one would place the latest volume off the St. Dunstan's Uni- versity Press. "Prince Edward Is- land and Confederation," by Rev. Francis WI". Bolger. Ph.D., of the history department of SDL'.

This is a book to be. studied and treasured by anyone seriously in- terested in that most argumentative decade in our Island history, the years from 1863 to 1873, when we finally yielded to the blandishments of Confederation spokesmen and be- came an integral part of a continent- spanning Dominion.

VERY RELUO'I‘ANT—(IMI' claim to being the Cradle of Confedera- tion is fully substantiated by Fath- er Bolger in his book. but he cau- tions that “while the proviSion of the cradle unquestionably merits for Prince Edward Island a share in the birth of the Canadian nation. nev- ertheless, her maternity should not be exaggerated.” Rather, our at- titude to Confederation at the time provides a unique picture of con- sistent opposition and political iicccssity finally forcing us to capit- ulatc.

No doubt, as the author says, our aloofness resulted. in the first place. from a deep-seated provincial- i.~-m and insulai'ity. There was also our fear of loosing the political in- dependence we had cherished since 1760 and. finally, there were econo- mic reasons. The Island in the 1850's and 1860’s enjoyed a high degree of economic self-sufficiency. The finances of the province were satisfactory since revenue usually exceeded expenditure and the public debt was little more than the rev‘ enuc fora single year.

The. products of our chief in- dustries. agriculture and fishing. were readily sold in Europe and the West Indies. while with the Un- itcd States the Reciprocity Treaty of lSSIl had opened a steady mar- ket. and Island products were re- ceiving excellent prices there. Is- land spokesmen feared that union with (‘anada woulrl shackle us with a f'anadian tariff structure and re- sult in the loss of these profitable markets. In perspective. we can see that they weren't too far wrong. at that. regardless of the advan~ tages we derived in other ways from Confederation.

STORMY SESSIONS—Father Bolger's work is fully documented, and he has gone thoroughly, and one might. say with gusto, into the stormy controversies of those form- ative years as they relate to this Province. His objectivity enables us to see the issues without distor- tion. and no doubt more clearly than most of the participants were able to do at the. time. We note par- ticularly that he has drawn exten- sively on newspaper comments of the day. as affording a pretty ac- curate gauge of public opinion. There ere some shrewd assessments 6f the situation in these excerpts. and some gems of editorial pre- judice and asininity as well.

We can afford. at this remove, to enjoy the lighter side of this pro- digious controversy in which our forefethera engaged with such earn-

estness end vehanmce. in which they exchened so many verbal brick- hete and ecu-pd, at times. to such

I

Imagnincent heights of rhetoric in their own defense. or in castigat- ing their opponents. Not that Father Bolger emphasizes this point unduly: but all the material is here, and needs only to be reassembled, on a Rabelaisian level, into a grand theme for high comedy.

Meanwhile. let’s not forget that “Providence being their guide they builded better than they knew." That goes for all the (‘onfedera- tion Fathers. our own included. It is their achievement in nation build- ing that we are celebrating in our centennial observances. and it is their achieiemcnt that this book records. amid all the distracting clamor. in full measure.

Trade Rumors Revived

An Ottawa commentator recalls that in HHS, Prime Minister Mac- kenzie King issued instructions that the whole question of establishing a. (‘anadian-l.‘.S. free trade arrange- ment be. explored. The Truman ad- ministration was warmly receptive. Steps were taken to make. sure that Congress would not upset the. ap- plecart. Then. almost at the. eleventh hour. Mr. King, for rea- sons not yet explained, ordered the project to be dropped

Even yet. no official informa- tion has been released about this mysterious 1948 bid for a Canada- L'.S. free trade area. But there are signs that the idea is being revived. Washington has let it be known that it considers such a development desirable and probably inevitable.

But. cautious American spokes— men have emphasized that the in- itiative must come from Canada—— that any open bid might. well wreck the. enterprise by persuading sensitive Canadian voters that ag- gressive American imperialism was threatening (‘anada's survival as an independent state.

And recently the influential Arden House study group on Can- ada-US. relations wound up its de- liberations at Harriman. N.Y., with this paragraph tucked into its final report: “We do not see any oppor- tunity now for an American initia- l tivc. to establishing genuine free l trade relationship between Canada 1 and the United States. We urge i that the. United States he. prepared i to respond to any possible future j interest and initiative of Canada in l l

l I l

a free-trade arrangement as an ex- tension of our world-wide freer- trade efforts."

‘ What sav our Maritime MPs to l this proposal? it is one that would l benefit the basic producers of this 1 area. and we should be hearing from them.

Debate On Prayer The First Amendment to the US. Constitution states that "Con- gress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or pro- hibiting the free exercise thereof." Two years ago the Supreme Court.

HOT LINE»

OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson

Revealed As An Endeoring Monarch

\iany (‘anadians who labor" in thc parliamentary \‘incyarri . not a bad press: less dcservcd- I ly. Ihc man who laid the l'ounda- l tion stone of our Parliament Building was castigated by the l press while alive. and ridiculed l by biographci‘s after his death. I But aI lasI King Edward vii . has been made the subjch of a biography which is fair. and? reveals lnm as a rather endear. I in: character. amazingly toler- ant. pcrhaps cliildishly self-in- dillL‘Cl’ll. and as n dcscrvcdiyl

popular and successful mon- . arch. E The first signif'cant official

mission by Edward was It visit to (‘anada just before his l9Ih birthday. As heir to the crown. he was at that time Prince of» Wales. and he was charged by

his mother. Queen \‘ictoria. ; with the specific duties of open. in: the Victoria railway bridal: over the St. Lawrence River at 1 Montreal. and laying the foun- ‘ dininn stone of the building

planned for the fcdcral parlia i mom in Ottawa. His Canadian ‘ tour of nearly two months is

, ruled that recitation of a “non- ldenominational" prayer in New ' York public schools violated that

amendment. A year later the Court broadened its ruling. formally bar- ring “religious exercises 'required by the states"—~prayers and Bible- reading—in all public schools.

The rulings aroused bitter criti- l

cism. 37 states had on their books laws requiring or permitting relig- ious exercises in public schools, ‘ and there were demands for Con- gressional action "to put Grid back ' in the schools." A total of 147 reso-

lutions were introduced in the House. all favoring some sort. of amendment.

Last. week the House Judiciary Committee heard public testimony on the proposed amendment issue. It was supported by clergymen of various faiths. and opposed by other religious spokesmen. Accord- iniir to the New York Times. it is doubtful whether Congress will take any action at this session. The committee. chairman. I“. m a n u e] Celler of Brooklyn. is known to have "mixed feelings about an amend- ment. and to be in no hurry to act on one."

EDITORIAL NOTE

According to the Canadian High- way Safety Council mechanical fail- ure is involved in a growing num- ber of vehicle crashes. The On- tario Transport Department report- ed that more than 30 per cent of cars brought in for voluntary in- spections failed the test and had to have troubles fixed before they re- turned for rainapection.

PUBLIC FORUM i

TM! column III ripen lo the disrtlssinn

by r nndenls of questions of in- tern The Giinrdien d lie es l or e

enter into any rnrrrespnndenca regard- letien submit «- .

inNGEVITY

Sir-.«The hoary head n‘» crown of :lory, if it be foundl in the hay of righteousness! Thai is a very true saying in- ' dced; for it speaks of the ne~. ward of right living. Old age is both honourable and valu- able. Old age calls for respect. But thoughtless people fall to rccogniua that. Old size is vai- uable in that the possesser of it has a store of history of the past to pass on to future gen- ‘ erations. whic otherwise might be lost. Old age is a great blessing if we retain our faculties of min ody;l otherwise it can be a terrific burden.

is it possible that our Prince Edward climate contributes to the longevity of its inhabitants. . or does it spring from the soil through its products which we 1 consume‘. ave a number of centenarians in our Province. God bless them.

In Montague and vicinity we

‘ r of age we are very proud indeed. To name a few. of them, there in Mrs. David: Hume who is in ‘her 9th year. ‘ and is quite smart yet. She knils and sews and reads The Guardian every day right 1 through. Then there is Mrs. ‘ Alex Kennedy. another grand old lady who is nearing the cen- ‘ lury mark. Last Sunday. I met I that spry youngster. Daniel. Rcilly in church.

Yesterday. May 4th. I called on my aged friend‘ .losep H. MacGregor. Joseph will be 96 the 12th day of July. He was hale and hearty yesterday. and we thrashed a lot of old straw together. He still takes an in~ forest in horse racing. curling and politics. Out at Commer- cial Cross there is Mrs. Jane (Aunt Jane) Daly. She too Is ne a r l n g the century mark. There are others. but at the moment I cannot recall their names. We have a score or more who are between 85 and

rs. J. Mortimer Mackan is outstanding among them. She delights in painting, andi

she has painted many beauti- ful in closinl. i

would say: cheer up my dear elderly com- panions: The beat is yet to come. for which the first wee ma I I am Sir. etc. I

W. D. JOHNSTON Montague. P.E.L

‘U '9

1 men were offended —- and

planted trees.

descr'bcd vividly by Sir Philip Mazuus in this now biography t“l\'ing Edward the Seventh“. published by Macmillans. $10.) “The Prince disembarked in New Newfoundland on 24 July at St. John's. which was then a dull and remote fishing sta- tion." Six days later he reached Halifax “which was so wildly excited that offices and were closed for two days. and even newspapers failed to ap- ar."

On 18 August. he arrived Quebec City for a visit of days. He toured the sights. tended balls given in his

at

2' 31/ g,

hon-

. or. made many speeches. and

was granted an honorary degree at Laval University. Oiil of this latter episode came near disas- ter: "a powerful exiremist body of militantly Protestant Orange- be. came bent upon insult and re- venue."

MONTREAL GAIETY

At Montreal. the Prince re- ceived another tumultuous ac- claim. and after various pubiic engagements. he enjoyed him- self by dancing every dance un- til 5 am. at a hall which "was long remembered as having marked an epoch ln extrava- gance: fountains spurted cham- pagne. and an artificial lake was fringed by specially trans-

At Ottawa. “then a village". the Prince laid the foundation stone of the Parliament Build~ iii-g. At Niagara he watched the

stores 1

French acrobat Blondin wheel a man in a barrow along a tight rope stretched across the Falls: "with boyish and fearless eag. erness" he accepted Blondin‘s invitation to make the return trip in the barrow. but his Can- adian Ministers prevented this. l He later inaugurated the now famous monument to General Sir Isaac Brock. who captured ‘ Detroit but died at the battle of Queenstown Heights.

TUM-TUM AND THE BIRDS Travelling widely in Europe. the Prince became an invalu- able but unofficial ambassador- at-largc among his numerous regal relatives. For relaxation. birds played a significant role in his life: he enjoyed the sport of shooting them. he ate gar- gantuan meals composed large- ly of birds. and he undoubtedly enjoyed the company of anoth- er sort of bird. He was especial. ly fond of "pheasant stuffed with snipe. stuffed with truffles. the whole garnished with a rich sauce." Thus he grew to Win the. nickname "Tum-tum." When he became King. he . quickly proved himself a hard- working and courteous mon- arch. enjoying “immense popu- larity and performing his duty with charm. zest and panache." Not least of his endearing trails was his affection for all children and his wonderful re ' lationship with his own. This 3 readable book valuany pro- l vides many anecdotes showing the warm human characteris- tics of this very human kin-g. ,

Unrest In Bhutan

National Geographic Society

Political storms are rumbling through remote Bhutan. “Land of the Thunder Dragon."

The assassination of Prime Minister .ligme Dorji has touch- ed off a wave of arrests. and created unusual tension in the tiny Himalayan kingdom tuck- ed between India and Tibet.

An energetic. forward-looking man. Jigme Dorli had worked to bring Bhutan into the modern world. He ended the kingdom's

traditional isolation by encour-I

aging India to build a road link- ing the two countries. An ambi- tious economic development program had been undertaken.

Following centuries of acri- monious dual rule by clergy and laity. a line of hereditary king: or maharajnhs was established with the help of Britain in 1907. The present maharajah. .ligme Dorji Wingchuk. is a liberal and humanitarian who support- ed the slain prime minister‘s progressive plans.

DRAGON AND THUNDEBBOL'I‘ Harsh weather in the Hima- layas gave Bhutan lla descrip- live name. and the dragon and thunderbolt are national gym 5. Until Bhutan

recent years.

was so primitive that there

Our Yesterdays

(From the Guardian I‘llesl

TEN YEARS AGO

May I. 1054 Rev. E. J. Barren. Pastor of the United Baptist Church at Tryon. PE]. is amen: those on whom Acadia University will confer the de ce of Doc- tor of Divinity during the con

vocation exercises in May.

Four island e r s will be among the graduates at Mount Allison University when the

greea will be Eric Theo Croz ler. Dernley and Roy Hig- gins. Hunter River. A Bache- lor of Sci be conferred on Robert Forsythe Nelson and a Bachelor of Ed- ucation degree on Arthur Di

mall Toombe. Bedeqre.

were no wheeled vehicles. The popular cure for rabies was a

‘ slew made of the hair of the

dog that bit you. chicken fat. and leopard's feet.

Even though modern conven-‘ iences still are nonexistent,l there is little real poverty. ' "Practically everybody in Bhu- tan has enough to eat and to wear." reported Burt Kerr Todd l in a National Geographic article .

about the country.

The Bhutaneae grow rice ? which they often puff and eat like popcorn, and barley, wheat. potatoes. and fruits. They herd yaks which supply meal. hides. and dairy products. The ov- ernment accepts payment of ta- xes in yak butter.

n a «10.000 , people live in an area slightly more than half the sire of Indiana. Ethni~ cally related to Tibetan Mongo- liens. they follow lamaistic Buddhism. The Bhutanese have a keen sense of humor and a

marked trait of honesty and atrelghttorwardneas. A recent British visitor to

Bhutan said he had a "feeling of moving about in a more To bust age. of moving among

pie free of the uneasy neuroses of our times. people confident in the purpose of life. and in their destiny."

DOUBLE-DUTY CLOTHING The men wear a loose. length robe bound by e sash. Women so about in a spread-sin cloth held in place by silver clupl and a waist band. Their voluminous cloth- ing serves as a blanket at night. Because of the Buddhist dis- taste for taking life. abounds with wild life ~— nhsnt. boar. tiger. leopud beer. cheetah. and pheasant. However. the nonviolent Bhu- tnneae travel about armed o the teeth with formidable knives and swords. The late prime minister once trekked all the way into indie carrying e cere- monial broadsword. Forts dot the They en filled wi weapons -— leather-burnt! cen- dercue catapults. swords coats of mail. rhinoceros-hide bows and

knee- tight

I.

countryside. th medieval

e

shields. and in! mm.

Kitchen Scientists

By Dr. Theodore R. Venneuen homemaker may not consider herself a sci- entist but she employs sound principles of chemistry. phy- sics. and psychology in me paring meals. Digestibility improved by heating, primar- ily because of changes in pro- tein or atarc h components. This renders em more sus- ceptible to being broken down by the enzymes in the diges- tive juices.

Cooking also affects flavor and appearance. as every cook knows. Discoloration and

shrinkage are kept to a mini- mum by choosing the correct combination of time and temp- erature of cooking.

When a carrot is heated. the cell walls are broken down. making it easier for the diges- tive enzymes to get at the mo- lecules. Cooking may destroy certain vitamins but it makes the carrot more digestible.

Cheap meat cuts contain more connective tfibrousi tis- sue than do choice steaks. make tough meats palatable. the coo must hydrolyze lbreak down by reaction with waleri much of the tissue pro-. teins. to turn collagen inlo‘ gelatine. A fibrous substance can be softened in this way. The house - wife thinks of the process as cooking the roast until tender.

When raw potatoes are ex-l posed to the air they turn. brown because the phenols: “are oxidized by enzymes to form quinones which then poly- merise to ar pigments. But the housewife places occl- ed potatoes under water. plus a squeeze of lemon juice. She scarcely realizes that water cuts off the oxygen and the acid from the lemon juice slows down the enzyme activ- ily. Physics? A scum often forms on soups and sauces because proteins lose water throuah evaporations. This undesirable reaction is prevented by put-

ting a layer of butter on the surface Psychology? Adding brandy

to a dessert and lighting it looks spectacular but adds no- thing to the taste. The alcohol ‘ is consumed by fire and not by .

mouth. DRIVING OPERA

A FTER

Mrs. G ract operation is successful. will the person be ab‘e to drive a car and do bookkeeping aftcrward'.‘

REPLY Glasses or contact len- scs must be used. The opera- tion may not he successfqu if other carses or poor vision exist. BLOOD STUDIES . K. writes: How is leuke- mia diagnosed? REPLY By a thorough examination of the blood and mar- row These tests are done whenever a person develoos' enlarged glands in the neck. arnmit. or groin. and more so if there is fever. weakness. wcizht kiss. and na or.