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1951'? EQUR .

THE GUARDIAN

beneath sea-level. The first idea put to the test comprised a suction-pipe, at the end of which

llnrnliig Daily (Fnuflslltl tn ltttfl)

Aulhurlznl an rrrriincl Cline Mall, Punt Olflvi Department, Ottawa. The tnlnad (iuarrllan Puhllnhln‘ Co.

Il1| nlanugtng Director. J B. Burnett.

r-lnte Editor, Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink.”

UHAQLOTTETOWN, FRIDAY, I)Et'E.\lBER 31, 1948

"The Year That’s Awa" T

Not many provinces, states or countries have enjoyed the prosperity and happiness that have been our lot in "the year that's awa"’. ln almost every respect we have done better than last year, and in not a lcw instances have created records. That is in our material progress, and socially, educationally and even physically as well we have had almost an Annus mirabilis. It will do our readers’ hearts good to read and inwardly digest the various annual reviews which we have been publishing within the past few days—-all from reliable and expert reviewers who know whereof they speak. From these it will be gathered that the production of our farm crops, poultry, animal and by products has been abundant, and the demand and prices for' ex- ports have been satisfactory. The yields have been the best in our history, which "is saying some," but the reports substantiate the claim. There has been unusual demand at good prices for our dairy stock, while the demand for beef cattle has never been better, or at better prices. The production of creamery butter has been liver l9 per cent above that of lost year, a record which leads all Canada, while our ll per cent increase in cheese production makes us the only province in Canada ta show an increase.

ln poultry production prices improved Z0 per cent over lost year's, while the turkey crop was larger and the prices l5 per cent greater than n year ago. The fox industry has hud o sad set- back, but, on the other hand, mink has enjoyed a reasonably good market. Our fisheries show nn improvement in prices, while our trade with Newfoundland has been exceptionally good, pre- mising great development in the year on which we are about to enter. Taken all in all, not many (if any) communities will be in a position to du- plicate our degree of prosperity; and it is with grateful hearts we pray that it will b: continued and expanded in the year ahead of us.

TroriblTil World Picture

Viewing the post year in retrospect, it can- not be 50rd that the hopes of‘ stabilizing interna- tional peace and concord have bccn materially advanced. The dark shadow of war continues to expand over large areas of the Far East, and the United Nations have been impotent, through Rus- sia's abuse of her veto powcr, in carrvlllq Olll many policies with which the organization should bl dealing. The-"cold war" is still being waged in sections of Europe, and even in Great Britoiir the year has been one of almost unprecedented hardship.

In Cqnqdq, however, we have enjoyed gen- eral progress and prosperity on a scale never. perhaps, equalled. Ari analysis of our notional income shows that the average Canadian now has real earnings that are roughly one-third more than they were in i938, after making ol~ lowances for higher living casts and increased population. Without complacently imagining that everything is perfect in Canada, or forget- ting that we conriot eriioy permanent prosperity unless other countries are sharing it, we can lreely acknowledge tlriit we have many things in this great and growing land for which w? should be devoutly thankful.

Scotland's Seaweed Harvest

Scaiifslr lfvld, an Edinburgh pziblicfltlvll. d0 mtcs a special article in a recent issue to the harvesting cf scuwcc-l in tlrc Old Country. A comparatively enroll ir:;lira.ry at present, it has big possibilities, c:pe:zcil'y around the coasts of Smtlailrl T1": worl: of development IS b:ing pushed by tlr: Sc: tizli Scziwccd Research Asso- ciolicn, a non yefit-nlakiiig organization with headquariers at lnveresk Gate, Mirssclburgh, and with outa-taikzis at Olcan and Kirlivroll. First formed in i914, during fir: first two ycars ct its existence linanie ccirrc frcm a grant of r2100!) to be applied on o pound lor pound basis agzinst nnncy mf-cj {To iridirsfrrrl and plural: sources. In i946 tizc T rv announced cnnual grants o; Lryglgc’) c, c“. ,ili3|l that surveys proved lli: “e35 t9 b; gvqilcblc in sufficient quantities to warrant t'.ie establishment of a seaweed industry ard that methods of liar-eating could be develop- ed which would allow Scottish. seaweed product? to be mail;2t:.l at a price able to compete W'l’.t foreign mar-Leis.

The results of r1 coastal survey showed that 70 per cent of all tli: weed with the high- est density was lying or grew on tne coastline of the Outcr Hebrides. The Orkney lSlDIIdTSUP- ports a further 22 per cent, and the remaining 8 per cent is distributed on the west and north- west mainland and the islands of Skye, Mull and Arran. _

The submarine survey was a different -—and more difficulh-praposition. lt was decided to make a gropnel sampling at intervals and iudge the density by looking at the seaweed thrc-gh a view-box. Aerial photography was t0 be villi-l as well, but neither this method nor the rise of echo4ouiyding worked out sovell in the WM" ticol tests as the more laborious but riiore de- pendable way of viewing the seaweed through the funnel-like viewing box, and collecting a “mp1. with "grub." The survey revealed the presence of 45,000 tans ‘of weed in one area of 3050 acres of sea-bed in the lily. of Flrlll. Orkney. Eight himdred acres in and around Scapa Flow indicated a yield over l3.°°9_l°ll§-

The survey was followed up with experiments in the best methods of harvesting the weed from

were tried, but one of the most successful meth- ods is the straight trawl idea. While the sur- veying wos going on, an organization was being built up at lnveresk Gate which could deal with research in the botanical, chemical and engin- eering sections of the work.

, A whole mass of data materialized from the various experiments. The chemists found, for

the weed, such as ash, nitrogen, iodine and al- ginic acid, are at a maximum if the weed is collected during January and February. At this period mannitol, another important content, was at its lowegt.

Drying was another aspect, particularly as it applied to the littoral, or sea-shore, weed. The practice of the past where seaweed was dried by the crofters was to spread it on the ground and turn it at intervals. Of seven possible methods tested, the old practice was by far the most inefficient of the lot. The best of the new methods tried employed inclined grids, either singly or back to back.

fliDlTORlAL NOTES/ \

Hogmonay.

Tomorrow Circumcision. it

n x

Tomorrow, New Year's Day. Q l‘ k

Remember tomorrow to write 1949- i i W

Wycliffe, translator of the Bible, died this date I384. _

Q i ‘I Goodby old year, your shadow will never grow less.

i I i Feast of St. Columbo, virgin and martyr of the 3rd. century.

n n a I

The January thaw anticipated that month by a couple of days. Q t Tomorrow both the Scottish curlers and our local enthusiasts will certainly play the best game of the year so far.

i‘ ‘k

Ring out the old! Whatever may have been

the blunders and omissions of 1948 we are chal-

lenged to see that they are not repeated in i949. i i‘ i

While others relax and celebrate the New Your, police and firemen must meet the need for increased protection to life and property. fl t ‘A’ Yale's come and Yale's gone And we hoe feasted weel; Sae Jock maun to his flail GQCIH\ And Jenny to her wheel. fi i‘ "I

The trouble, if there be any, over the pro- posed Million Dollar public buildin is that too many competing would-be LiberolYooks are at- tempting to stir the gravy—-and share it.

lt is rather a temporary“ black eye to Holi- fox that it cannot maintain two separate news- papcr publications. But it will_survive the or- deal, and become stronger and more self-reliant than heretofore.

i "I

Looking back on ioys, sorrows, successes, disappointments; looking forward to peace, tron- quility, progress, prosperity, and, above all health and contentment in the year we are about to enter.

. a ..

Reports that Americans gave less, only one per cent, to charity last year than ever before come as anything but a surprise. When govern- ment assumes responsibility for the relief of all the ills the flesh is heir to there is little in-- ducement tor voluntary aid.

The Toronto Globe and Mail reports that Toronto's Board of Education is considering thc idea of having teachers elect their own reple- sentative on the Board. The idea is» to make it easier for teachers to get their opinions heard.

The bomb-hit Cathedral of St. Malo, Brit- tany, where Jacques Co'tier was supposed to be buried, is being carefully excavated, according to a Router’: dispatch. Hopes are held that the grave of the famous navigator will be discover- ed. A- ~k §

man," said Dr. Johnson, "nefllllly persuades himself that he can keep his New Year resolutions, nor is he convinced of his imbecility but_ by length of time and frequency of experi- ment. They whom frequent failures have made aesperatefcease to form resolutions, and they who are become cunning, do not tell them." This is perhaps too cynical a view to take of a sub- iect that has engaged the attention of men and women at this season for many generations. lt was G. K. Chesterton's contention that "unless a man starts afresh about things, he will certainly do nothing effective"; and this is as good a thought as any with which to approach the un- written pages of o new year.

I I I

The British Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Stafford Cripps, has appointed a special committee to ensure that houses of historic im- portance and interest in Britain shall be preserv- ed. The committee consists of six experts under the chairmanship of Sir Ernest Gowers. lts term! of reference are to consider and report what general arrangements might be made by the Government tor the preservation, mainten- ance and use of houses of outstanding historic or architectural interest which might otherwise not be preserved. Where possible, both the house and its contents would be kept complete if the furnishings are of a character to wor-

were shielded, rotary-cutting knives. Other ideas

instance, that some of the items obtainable from _

THE GUARDIAN.

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Most "Ollelul, 0"?‘ international Situation

Trying It Out On The Poor Calves

tTllQ Maritime (Jo-operator)

A correspondent from Vermont, wrote us recently he doubted ilie oft-made merit. that the chemical analysts of oleomargaritie shoued it’. equal to butter from n chemical point of view hence oleo is as good as butter.

Reports of Dr. W. E. Peterson, famous scicntlst. at the of hlirriicsolu on the coiriparativc value of butter fat over veg- etable fats, show that our corres- pondents doubts are ivcll founded. Dr. PClUYF-Llll reports that several _‘.P'l‘f. rluo r1 scrim of tests ucrc ‘nradi- lu ilctcriiilirr: llU\\' icgclalrlc fats uoulrl viork iii rearing calves. The experiments clearly proved the lllllCll greater value of butter fut. lll lzlfl llie (‘lll\t"S not only aid no: ila ircll \\'llll the subtitut- ion. lllt‘_\’ (ll(‘l'l.

Ilvvr‘ is. all zr-svollrrt of lcikcii l"Olll the Dairy htarlrcirii: Association Sorrlerrrbm; 194B.

“The substitute futs were added to sltim milk 1n such u way as L0 be similar" in composition to vivliule iriilk. lii order that there should be no cliffereiiive between the whole milk used lo feed the con- trol animals and the milk with substitute fats both products “are taken from the same batch of skim milk. Iriio one-half of ft there was emulsified by high pressure mach- ines WllilléVfll‘ vegetable fatthatwivs io be studied. Bulterfat. vtas PmllJSlllCCl into the remainder tn tho same vvay. Thus both milks got. the same treatment.

"T119 control calves grew and bebuvled exactly as normal calves that got natural whole milk. This proved that the treatment in pre- paring artificial milk was not. a factor responsible for the poor shoulrig of calves. The ones that received vegetables fat-enrulsiffed

Putney. that stale-

llio lcst. Products report of

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began levelling clf. In splteofgood intake they then began to lose weight, lialr would drop off and ultimately they died. Few calves llved more than sixty days. Most of them died before they had been on the experlmenis sixteen days.

“ft was also found that by ln- tTeaSlllg ilie airrount. of vegetable fat the calves would dle even more quickly. ln fact. lt was necessary to reduce the amount to not; more than 3 per cent to avoid severe digestive upsets. Butterfats in the milk for control calves of course. was kept on the same basis.

“The addition of various vita- mlils had been tried with almost the same results. The calves are benefited somewhat at the begui- niirg. But after about ten days they uoi back to their previous pool" rfilltlllldll. It i." obitous that the difference is not clue to lack of \ll.llllllllS.

“Exactly what. factor makes up‘ the difference between the nutritive value of vegetable fat and butler fat ls not known con- Hoivevcr. additional ex- llffllllfflllS are being carried for- ward. Butter-fat is a very complex mixture of different fatty acids ivcre vegetables fats are of much simpler structure. As this stage of ivhat is known ll seems rou- sonable to assume that the cani- posilion of butterfat is the factor" responsible for its superior lre- liavlour iii calf nutrition."

CLIMATIC PRANKS

LEBREI‘, Sask. -— iCPl —Sask- atchewans unusually late fall play- ocl queer lflClLS this year, Sunken were reported going upstrea-m in the QtfAppellB Valley. blueblrds lalrl eggs and pussy willows bloom- eel.

FOR FRESH COFFEE

Coffee can be kept fresh by put- ting it. in a tightly sealed can and leaving it lii the refrigerator.

Meyers

$1

Studios

PRESENT

A Special New Year's Offer through the month of January. A Beautiful 8 x l0 oil colored photograph mounted in a DeLux folder for only

Only cne offer to each person-a small additional cost for

groups.

May we take this opportunity to thank our many friends and

customers for their patronage HAPPY NEW YEAR.

MEYERS

lZ8 Richmond St., Charlottetown

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND'S

and wish one and all a VERY

sruiiios

Phone Z490

LEADING PHOTOGRAPHERS

be relaxed.

rant this.

1r " -t-"whliwwirrrrruniiirivwnrrwwrirrwirrmwwmv who‘.

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APPRECIATION

We wish to thank our many Policy-holders for their liberal patronage during tne past year, assuring them that our efforts to provide a complete Insurance service will not

The Management, Staff and Agency organization join in extending to all, the Season's Greetings.

llYllllMllll 8i 00. Limited

Insurance Since I872.

_Offiees: Charlottetown-Sumriverside-Montague Agent} throughout the Province.

The High Cost 0f Living

Its Cause and Remedy

IX. A RIVER CAN BE CLEANSED ONLY AT ITS SOURCE B! E. L. R. Williamson, M. B. l.

We now come to the programme of positive action urhich must: be undertaken lf the Crinudian people are lo be relieved of the present crushing burden of the cost at living and lf the Canadian economy ls to be restored to a sound. healthy condition.

2. Throughout. tlils series of articles, we have endeavoured to de- termine the fundamental causes of the present inflation. The proposed meirsirrvs \\’llll'lt follow have been designed from the satire point of view: to attack the root. causes of inflation and to effect a fundamental remedy. These proposals may be very distasteful to some~so long have we been lulled by the assurances of men ln all parties that the panacea of each will provide a quick, palnless-—even pleasant-escape from all of our misfortunes. Strong remedies are the only alternative to the yet more distasteful, if not disastrous. consequences which will en- sun, if the present procedure of drifting from one crisis to another is coiitiiiuccl.

3. The first. measure which we must undertake in that of drastt: reform of our taxation system. The out-worn, and regressive system of Indirect Taxation must go! For too long has lt Increased the cost rof living, increased the cost of production, reduced our markets, hamper- yvrl our business enterprises, and restricted employment. and income. liSc-e Article V of this series).

r 4. 1t should at oirce be made clear that there ls not: the slightest ln- - tention to touch those indirect taxes which are levied as instruments of lsocial p0ll(‘)’——SUCll as those upon liquor and tobacco. Such taxes serve specific purposes and should remain.

S. By removing the Indirect Taxes, with the exceptions noted, the cost of production, and hence, the selling-price of almost every com- modity in Canada. can be reduced from 10% in general to 40% or more in specific instances. Not only will this benefit the hard-pressed can- sumei". but. by enabling four to five mllllon people to increase their con- sumption, the measure would expand the Canadian domestic market. - and hence be of the greatest advantage to Canadian producers.

6. The second measure—the corollary of the abolition of the In- direct Tux structure-is the retention of the direct Income Trix at an high level for so long as the present inflationary conditions prevail. to- gether with a re-tmpositlon of the Excess Profits Tax upon corporate profits: although with certain safeguards for high-risk Industries such as mining.

T. It ls appreciated that the Income Tax~which ls vlslble and, there- fore. receives much attention-ls not u popular tax; but it must. be re- membered that. we have just gone through the most expensive war in history, and that ln one way or another lt. must be paid for. The only choice which we have is whether lt. in to be paid for through a tax-Abe Income Tax-which ls visible and annoying but which will let our economy expand and the poor continue to eat, or whether the war ls lo be paid for under a system of taxation-the Indirect TIlX€5——-\Vhl(3lt wlll strangle our economy, and drlve hundreds of thousands of Canadians below a subsistence-level standard of llvlng.

8. The third positive measure lo an old virtue which of late has been more honoured in the breach than lii the observance: efficiency irndgeeonpmyr in government. The "ordinary expenditures" of the Do- minion Crrovernmcrih-lliat ls. expenditures having nothing to do with the war or reconstruction and rehabllitotiom-lncreased .1772} ($444.7 millions l0 $1,233.?) millions) from 1942 to 1947. The tax-payers have a right to demand the some efficiency in their government. tliut stock- holders demand of their corporation's executive. Subsidies to coni- mcrcial capital investment muet cease in times of full r-mployrment; “transfer payments" should be curtailed ln times of inflation; and no greater number of civil servants should be employed upon any one task than would be employed upon the same kind of task in private in- dustry.

9. The fourth measure to secure the return of the economic hcaltli of the nation lles in the hands of the Canadian people. individually and collectively: greater productivity. It should be obvious even to the most superficial of pei-sons,_that. there can be no more goods available to the consumers of Canada than the producers of Canada have produc- e(l—g00t.ls Imported from other countries make no difference. beisausr- they can be purchased only by the export of an equivalent amount of Canadian-produced izoods. Now inflation, basically. ls merely a short- age of goods lii relation to effective demand-Len purchasing power- that ls actually trying to purchase goods. Looked It ln this light, our present Inflation. basically, ls a matter of under-production of consumers’ goods for all the reasons we have discussed.

10. To meet the needs of Canadians and the needs of the free nu- tlons of the world, whom, as a moral duty and for our own safety, we must help to get back on their feet. Canadians must produce more; Capital must undertake more. for the same profit; Labour must do more. for the some wage; Agriculture must produce more, for the some ln. came. If we are to have more, we must. produce more.

11._0ur economy should be. and can be. an economy of abundance; but this can never be achieved until we, individually and collectively adopt. the attitude of seeing how much we can accomplish each day rather than how little we can get. away wtth doing. Not one of all thd economic systems that wtt of man can devise. can escape the simple truth that a nntlan can have no more than It produces.

12. We have tn these articles suggested the road m our economic salvation. .1t ls not on easy road; the road to salvation always ls hard whether lt be spiritual, moral or material lalvatlori. If we have not tlid Clllllfflze to take this road. we face nothing but continued prtvatlon, wtth economic collapse at. the end. If we do have the courage the energy and above all the wlll to face our problems and to defeatlthem whafever the cost, we shall gain e new era of peace and prosperity! '

lllflllT WEARING BILDTIIES ‘

werinrna cuonans warn. is sue-r A menu or WEARING m: pram- cmrues, AND TIIAI‘ ntzaivs can. MENTs wmi rurr unmet/mums run. or nun QUALITY. mun WITH nun cairn AND amen to roan rrrorvrn- unnm. r