rears FOUR '1 HE GUARDIAN

Morning Dally slforsndasl la lllfl Authorized an lire-mu! (‘Inn “all. I'll“ Oman lJr-partnrenl, Ottavrn. Tho IalnnJ Iiuurrllla roan-tuna v0- tastuv and hlslnagln] . . . J lt- Himml- Asaoelata lidlfrsr. Frank Waller. “The Strongest Memory rs Weaker Than

the Weakest Ink." OHABLOTTETOWN. TUESDAY. AUGUST s. 191i!"

Why Farm Costs Are Higher

While farm commodity prices have risen in the past decade, the farmer still has to work around the clack and he finds, all too frequent- ly, that his costs more than offset his gains. This is the inevitable result of the trend away from the countryside to the cities which was intensi- fied during and after the Second World War, when manufacturing labour gained over all other occupations in terms of improved weekly wages and shorter work weeks. ln addition, there have been notable improvements in conditions of work in the manufacturing industries.

interesting in this connection ore the follow- ing figures cited in Industry, a publication of the Canadian Manufacturers Association, which are quoted from the records of the Department of Labour at Ottawa:

1939 194B Average weekly wage $23.11 $40.91 (Manufacturing) Average working week 47 hours 43 hours (Manufacturing) (estimated) Unemployment (per cent of working force) 19 2 Gross national product $5,598 $15,419 (millions) (millions) Export of goods, services $1,461 $4,037

(millions) (millions)

What We Need

What is it that makes men free in society? asks the Royal Bonk Monthly Letter, dealing comprehensively with the subject of Our Liberty. Concluding it says: Not wealth, nor civic position, nor Dominion Government, nor business power, but knowledge intelligently applied. We need to be continuously educfied and re-educated. Ed- ucated in the fundamentals of essential freedom, and re-educated to keep us up-to-date in a changing world.

John_ Milton has lived and written, John Locke has said his say for liberty, and John Stuart Mill has outlined the principles of freedom in imperishable words. Why are not the Areopag- ifica and the essays on Tolerotion and Liberty known by every High School student? These are the fundamental principles on which our boosted liberty rests, as true today as ever.

Our democratic machinery may be old and worn and, as Western Canadians say of tempor- ary machine jobs, held together with hay-wire here and there. We know that it is not perfect. ‘But we also know that it offers a fuller, freer, happier life to our people than any totalitarian nation has ever offered, and is worth preserving.

What we need today is a live knowledge of what is going on in government, not only in Can- ada but in other countries, and a crusading con- stitutional spirit from one end of the country to the other.

Conscription In New Zealand

The large vote in favor of peacetime con- scription in the New Zealand referendum is evi- dence of the concern which the public of that Dominion has for defence during these uneasy times. A total of 535,051 favored conscription, with 152,810 against. Premier Fraser, in an an- nouncement on July 3, said that the Communists ‘had for some time past been working against compulsory military training in New Zealand. He implied that opponents of peacetime con- scription were Communists and other unpatriotic elements. Despite this allegation, there is room for legitimate controversy over the wisdom of peacetime conscription in countries such as New Zealand, whose resources in manpower and money are relatively limited.

Canadian defence policy, states the Ottawb Citizen, favors a small, highly efficient peace- time force concentrating on studying the latest military doctrine, and on research into new weapons and other equipment. ln 1947 and i948, Canada spent about $250,000,000 annually on this type of defence. The total force--ormy, navy and air-was to comprise about 45,000 rren. ln addition, there is a research establish- ment, and a reserve group receiving sufficient basic training to fit rapidly into I regular force in case of war.

New Zealand has had much the same set up. But there has been a difference in emphasis on where the money should be spent-whether on ‘large numbers of men, or on the best possible equipment and scientific research. The New Zealand regular forces establishment called for about 10,500 men- almost one-quarter of the manpower envisaged for the Canadian ,regulor forces. But New Iceland's 1948 budget for the armed forces was $36,000,000, only about i/6 of the Canadian budget. Therefore New Zealand was spending a greater proportion of its budget .an military payrolls, and less on equipment and research, than was Canada. With conscription,‘ the discrepancy will be increased.

In tho last war, the huge canscript armies of Francs and Poland were unavailing against the dive bombers, armored divisions and motorized infantry of the Germans. Later, the masses of man which Germany was able to put in uniform even in the last year of the war crumbled before the firepower and mobility, born of muchax- pensive research, which the new allied armies mastered against thsm. Canada's defence bud-

tltllls year will be more than $300,000,000. If

, ~ wore-to supportca canscript army, this ‘ oitlrar have to be increased until

arises burden or lm money

IEDITURIAL NOTES!

lzaakiWalton, Prince of Anglers, born this date, 1593.

Five more days till Old Home Week, then the Exhibition.

i l‘

No laundry from the 13th to 20th, according to advertisements.

"l i l’

Illustration Station Field Days are advertised for the 10th, 11th, 12th. An opportunity for visitors as well as local farmers and others inter- ested.

. w .. _

1t has been suggested that for Old Home Week, the business houses and private citizens decorate their premises and fly flags, to create a real holiday atmosphere.

a i’ w

His Majesty King Edward Vll, as Prince of Wales, landed at Charlottetown, this date 1860. Most of the boys born that year were christened Albert Edward in honour of the event.

w w s.

The Saint John Telegraph-Journal joins in bemoaning the passing of the horse trader but the lamentoticn would seem to be premature. The type survives but now deals in used cars.

a w sr

The Blue Cross mcmbcrsliip drive in Summer- side deserves wide support. The advantage to the individual and to hospitals is thc- resultant relief from much financial worry.

t k k

The new international convention drawn up at Geneva for the protcctic-n of civilians in war is for from representing merely pius hope. The trial and punishment of war criminals hos shown that such pacts can be enforced against re- sponsible individuals as well as states.

i i i

Everyone will sympathize with the faculty of St. Dunston's University in the serious loss of the farm plant and livestock by fire on Sunday. This was one occasion when rain, which supplemented the efforts of our fircnren and volunteer workers in preventing further destruction, was most wel- come.

I I I

The close to two hundred a month free blood transfusions given by Island hospitals is ample justification of the Blood Donor service of the Red Cross. lf each donor had to be found by the individual patient or his friends, it is safe to assume thdt there would be considerably fewer of the strength-giving transfusions made. '

War is popularly supposed to speed up scien- tific and technical advance and in some partic- ular lines undoubtedly does so. The contrary is the case, however, in improvements to the auto- mobile. Hydraulic transmissions, which elimin- ated gear changing, was developed in England before the war but will only appear next year on most Canadian and American models.

w . ..

British Foreign Secretory Bevin is leaving London for Washingtcn nn 27th inst. to attend the dollar crisis talks in which SirStafford Cripps, Chancellor of the Exchequer, U. S. Secretary of the Treasury Synidor will take part. He niay re- main over till the 10th. Sept. for the opening af the Unitcd Nations General Assembly and en- deavours are being made to have him visit Ot- tawa between these two events.

i i l’

This is the time of the year when great care should be exercised not to over-charge visitors for supplies or services rendered. Nothing so speedily damages the reputation of a tourist re- sort as circulation of rumors that "if you ara a stranger they will take you in." We now enjoy the reputation of being the most moderately priced Province in which to live, and nothing should be exercised not to over-charge visitors tation. lt is up to ourselves individually and col- lectively to be on guard in this repect.

i A’ I

a

of the United Statzs reports that fraud or brib- ery involving army officers and other Federal Government employees was indicated in award of "numerous" wartime contracts. A sampling of contracts, he said, turned up $6,280,000 in fraudulent payments on contract settlements, he said, indicating that the overall total would be much greater. Warren reported that the inves- tigation turned up "an apparent scheme whereby Z0 per cent cf the contract prices was to be ‘kicked-back’ to certain Government representat- rvcs either directly, through their relatives, or

We are indebted to the Windsor Star for this complimentary reference to our Province: "Tho scenic Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec always has been relatively free from ragweed or other plants conducive to hay fever. And, since 1936, Quebec has been eradicating any such weeds as did exist. Now it can offer that part of the Province as a haven to sufferers from this annoying complaint. One of the attractions of Prince Edward Island is that hay fever victims can go there in safety. The drive around the Gaspe Peninsula has been a favorite one for tourists. There will be plenty more take that trip if they know that by doing so they can escape the scourge of hay fever."

i i I

According to an Ottawa correspondent, a matter of particular interest to members of Par- liament is the question of how much they are going to be paid this year. The last " sat from Jan. 26 to April 30. For that the members received $4,000. The old and the new members will receive an additional $4,000 if the laltses- sion lasts 65 days. Besides the indemnity, mom- bers are entitled to $2,000 as sessional expenses, payable at the end of the year. A Financa Do- partment spokesman says that members defeated in tho general election will be entitled to about $650 out of the $2,000. Members re-olacted will be docked about $300, hecauu of ths lapse ba- twwf prorogation and election day. New mom-

ent rs-

‘ther 1t was owing to the hard-

fo Prince Edward Island without was introduced into this Island the famous "cancer plaster", so high- ly prized a generation ago. Father

liable persons throughout the Is-

Wor inevitably leads to bribery and corrup- edv j _ ll .3 9 ' _ _ Th physicians of the present ton Camptro er en ral Lindsay C Warren day eeschew ms oldmumoned

through dummy corporations." g I N’) ‘fi Q

‘THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOVvN

l Investigation

_£6T

74¢ 70oz?!

room ' "ADONAIB"

Elegy on the death of Kuhn

He has outscored the shadow of our night; Envy and calumny and hate and

polo. And that unrest which men mlscail del ht.

Can touch nlm not and torture no: again;

From the contagion of the world's slow pain

H! i5 59W". and now can never mourn

A heart grown cold, s held grown gray 1n vein;

Nor, when the spirit’; self has ceas. ed to burn.

With sparlriess ashes load an un- lamenoed urn . . .

He fslmade one with Nature: there 1s card His voice 1n _al1 her music. from

the moan

0f thunder, to the song of night's sweet bird;

He is a presence to be felt and known

In darkness and 1n light, from herb and stone.

Spreading itself where'er that

Power may nwve Whlchhas withdrawn his being to

its own; Which wields the world with never- weerfed love. Sustafns ft. from beneath, and kind- les 1t above . . .

The splenaours at the armament

of tlrno

May be eclipsed, but are extin- guished not

Like stars to their appointed

height. they climb,

And death is a low mist which cannot. blot

The brightness it. may ve11. When lofty thought

Lifts a young heart above its mor- tal lair,

And love and life contend it in, for

h t

w a Shall be its earthly doom. the dead live there And move like winds of light on dark and stonrny air.

-—Percy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822). 940a»

Old Charlottetown (no r. a. s.»

--_»

BISHOP PLESSIS’ PLASTEB

Among the earliest settlers, can- cer was frightfully common. Who-

ships and exposure they had to en- riure. or the coarse food upon whlcn they generally subsisted. it is diffi- cult to say; but its ravages were exceedingly great, and many were the victims it. claimed as its own. Speaking to Bishop Plessls on the occasion of his visit here in 1812. Father MacEachern mentioned this matter, and learned that for some years a remedy had been used in Quebec which had produced mar- vellous results in the treatment of this loathsome disease, -

As soon as the Bishop returned to his Cathedral Clty, Father Mac- Eachern wrote him a letter, re- questing hlm to procure a copy of the recipe and forward the some

delay. The Bishop did so, and thus

lifacEachern singled out u few re-

land to whom he felt the use of the remedy might be safely entrusted, and these in turn handed it down to others, who served to perpetu- ate its use even to our day. Father MacEachern himself applied it in many instances and apparently with good results, for writing to Bishop Plessis on March 31, ‘I815, he says: "I have cured three per- sons of cancer by the violent rem-

remedy. and have recourse to the surgeon's knife; but it is yet doubt- ful if any method of their! has proved more successful in combat- ing this dread disease. than the old "cancer plaster" when applleri by n competent person.

—From “The Early History of the Catholic Church in Prince Ed- ward Islond." by Rev. John C. ‘Mac- Mlllan, 1005.

The Age-Old Story

Z-LINZIZIXIZIXIZ‘ lZlZlIIZI-illllhlsllli

This ts a faithful saying. and worthy of all uooeptatlon. that Christ Jesus came into the‘ world to save slnnera.

y-O-OOO

Before Rosin-o

ttMM~Tt1lI SIYUTATIOII CALLS F0!» IOMI

Concerning The Future of Europe

by MICHEL DEERE

(Senator for Indre et Loise) On August 10th the first. session of the Council of Europe wit. open in the old cathedral town of Strasbourg which has belonged to France since the time of Louis XIV. The Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the ten signatory pow- ers will first meet; they will form the committee of ministers. Then the delegations of the members of parliament of each nation will form the consultative assembly. Will the Council mark a date in the history of the world? We cannot say.

One cannot deny that 1n the countries of western Europe a feeling of "smallnessm and "isolat- ion" is widespread among the people. Whether they are con- cerned with their security, their economic stability, their influence abroad on their social problems, the peoples of Europe have s de- finite impression that they or». more or less powerless, or, at least, that their means are insuf- ficient to meet these problems. It is therefore a normal reaction which drives them to take strong- er measures than those of an al- liance and form themselves into a sort of union. The idea of a fed- eral European union had already been put forward by Briand be- fore the second world war. And at a very grave moment during that war Churchill had proposed the founding of s permanent un- ion with France which was to be the nucleusof a much greater union. It is natural that the same desire should make itself felt in this past-war period which is so troubled and so full of care. Thus the agreement which was reached in London during the course of the year which created the Coun- cil of Europe. is the answer to a movement which is both old and deep-rooted.

O I

But the road between the pro- position of a union and its ach- ievement is both long and diffic- ult. A rivalry often exists between the economic systems of the west- ern countries. and the search for suppliers and markets is some- times a cause of antagonism. Marked difference in ideas as to the recovery or the foreign trade balance and financial stability lead to the construction of cam- pletely different national econom- lea. Lastly, each nation hesitates to commit itself in a definite fashion on account of its partic- ular situation. its interests and its foreign ties, which. at first glance at least, are not. always favour- able to s European union. More- over. the first steps made towards the new organization have been really very modest. The sover- eignty of each participant ls wholly respected and even affirm- ed. The parliamentary assembly 1s not only a consultative assembly: numerous provisions are a guar- antee against unconsldered action and strict governmental control. In spite of its name and outward appearance. this parliamentary as- sembly is very like an academic conference.

Thus one may rightly ask one- self if the peoples of Europe are not laying a disappointment in store for themselves. Supposing. and this is not altogether impos- sible. that the discussions of the assembly are chiefly concerned with questions concerning rules of procedure and use the declaration of rights as a basis of the judicial principles of the new organizat- ion. and that flne speeches will be orily result of its labours. e we not reason to fear a great disillusionment}

In our century the nations ‘are exacting. They- are becoml weary of international dlscusaio which remain fruitless. They care Iesl about declarations of rlghto

i Chiropodist For Foot Ailments

000011“ 1|. J. A. I110”. l. P.

l llrtllltlllo i

NI Great Goargo Ital CIlAN-MITTITOIN. P-I-I.

bars will be given the allowance-which works est to shim: s: a dovzfll. from fissile! 19st,, y

dent baa happened oaailug

losses from mob hoards.

Wallava ueollout hotllttoa for Canals our Agents, or write

Orllaaau

iMost Every Day

the newspapers report that Flro has destroyed a Home or Business promises, a. our vlottm sues for $10,000, or more, Burglar-a make $6,000 haul, a travel or other I001-

quato Iusunnbo ls the only protection against serious

' "viruses.

charfatsshvru — laasnsrallo - lliilmfllvflllwtllbahuvtnoo

and proclamations of freedom than about eflective means to safe- guard these rights and this free- dom. They also have the feeling (though it 1s not always realized) that the great problems are left to find their own solution. Of what. USE are great proclamations to men who fear invasion and pov- erty"! Let. us no: overlook the fact that there 1s a grave danger; a failure may bring about a move- ment away from the idea of a united Europe which is at present welcomed. And this movement would encourage nationalism to ro-emerge amongst the nations. This is a hypothesis which must. not be rejected lightly. And it i! as well to remember at this point that the creatiop of an European association united politically, econ- omlcally and socially. is the only way at preventing the rebirth of Germany from renewing the Ger- man danger. Thus the pacitlcatlon of the western half of the contin- ent of Europe depends 0n the ‘creation of a freely accepted po-

litlcal authority which ~wi1l be

placed above national authority.

A proposal placed before the lsacond Chamber of the French Parliament suggests measure: which could prove interesting. It contains two main ideas.

The first suggests that the Coun- cil of Europe, to achieve some- thing concrete. shaulcl select fields of activity where effective action may be taken at once, is desired by a great number of people and will have results. In this way the feeling will arise that these un- dertakings which were too great for one nation to tackle single- handed. will be brought to sue- cess through their united effort. The second proposes the estab- lishment of specialized European . authorities. The principle of the sovereignty of each nation which has always been affirmed must of course be respected. But if is con- ceivable that the governments will be willing to temporarily delegate certain of their powers. for the completion of a well-defined task.

Thus the proposal envisages the

creation of "European Reconstruc- tion Commission“ which will have a six-freer existence and will be renewed at least once. and a European Commission on Move- ments of Population". In either case, the new authority would have sufficient administrative. fin- ancial and technical powers to put a big piece of work into ef- fect. The proposal also foresees other fields of action-education. public-health and modernization of agriculture? Once public opin- ion ls convinced of the utility of the new organization. the various governments will be able to dis- cuss economic and military prob- lems with greater success. Are we dreaming of Utopia? Perhaps. But the decisive problem has been set. If we are to believe in the use of the Council of Eur- ope. it must prove its value with- out delay. No organization can exist without a purpose and the whole future of Europe will de- pend on the first decisions of the new assembly.