4

inn-sinuous; l ll-IIIIIII: u;

m, RED.‘ cnoss 0mm

w race marches forward on the ‘but or little children." This is the ~UNUIII siocm adopted by the Quint Rad Cross Society in n5 ﬂillliln to enroll all the children ivﬂ the Province in a crusade for ‘@011 health habits. The oblectlve Q the crusade is three-fold: u; team l Q children to assume responsibility Qﬁd develop initiative; to save little ‘from the pain and un- ess of crippling deformities; 1Q lay the foundation stone for good ‘qitilcriship and international friend- The progress made in carrying this programme is truly er.- gouraging. Today in more than 00 cent of the classrooms of this Province, 15.000 boys and, girls are ‘Ended together under the Red arose emblem, with the allllroval of the educational and health author- ities, to practice rules of healthy living and to help the unfortunate. Bince its inception, the ‘Junior Red Gloss has provided treatment for 1,104 Prince Edward Island child- with the co-operation of the medical profession, the optometrists, the hospitals and the Rotary and gyro Clubs. The cases are classified l Q follows: orthopedic, 471; glasses Add other eye conditions, 382; tonsil and adenoid operations, 231; dental Show, 31; convalescent care, 14; oth- or‘ cases, 34. __ All this is by way of emphasizing Qrc importance of the annual drive 161' funds of the Prince Edward Is- lmd Division of the Canadian Red Rom Society, which starts 0n Isai- Rday, June t, and continues until J1me 4. The Society, of which His ‘ Iancur Lieutenant Governor De- ,ﬂois is Honorary President, makes {M4 appeal at this time confident that ﬁﬂic response will be both. prompt “Qd generous. The campaign is of ‘guitar interest m every citizen in the Q and every contribution, lumen or large, will be received with

Eweciation. A . l USEFUL FEED CHART

1 . i,

\

u The Guardian is in receipt from gin Provincial Department of Agri- ‘Juuture of a sheet giving in detail l & analysis on a digestible basis of I large number of the common feeds _ﬂod in livestock production under tho headings of Digestible Proteins; 'ﬁrbohydrates and Fats. The jmounts of these nutrients in every VIM pounds of each feed is tabulated. ﬂ separate columns the fertilizing ‘ingredients in each feed is given. jh addition brief explanatory notes provided. The sheet gives much valuable in- formation, and should be in tlic hands of all our stock ralscrs. A "mom thorough understanding of feeds and feed values is essential Al, proper feeds are to be purchased ‘and produced, and rations correctly poianced. f The Department of Agriculture ‘welcomes enquiries in relation to ‘farm production of roughages and home grown mixtures, and in con- nection with all matters pertaining ‘in animal nutrition and economical production. The present time .s an ‘opportune one for laying out plans for the growing of such farm crops will adequately provide for farm ‘flocks and herds during the sum- ‘mer and winter months at the low- Qt possible cost.

I PROGRESS OF PA GA N! SM

H1119 progress of paganism in Ger- many is noted by tic Brriln col»; respondent or The Times. Euphem-l éidtically it is c:il‘ecl the Gzrmnn faith Movement. At. a. :c::nt ﬂeeting Professor Hauel". the fQ-ophet of the movement, refrain- from attacking the Cvozpels. avoided all reference to the person

if Christ, and made only vague al-,

new... to the movement for a single tional church. Time and again professed indifference towards 3%! Christian communities, imply- ihgg that if people were still so mis- ﬂrided as to be Christians they stew in their own juice. filial‘. the suggestion that a good ‘gonna patriot in the Nazi sense hardly b1 a Christian was enough. For Germans Ger- wol to be the only Holy Lﬂfld. flvolstion of a personal God. fanatical nationalism was , strange u it may now with the familiar pemccutim- I , and the two together mus- foolings o1 the ‘audience.

Christian churches were pic- ~ ll billlﬂll] 300d N181! of the i filth and inst-lasting dis- __, »- tory measures against them.

j word. the churches were not Qﬂlldd hilt the oppressors _ independent goo: on to say QED the ﬁtter period ‘ttﬂs in cluiai pronouns

m

I. Chum u. Ialaua, my, lannonr-LloaL-Col. ILA. u‘, _ _ "m .:.-.-.-.:'::.r::".v~ *» "-'-'~-

(hula! an) as o0 advniloc) lalllcd

Fllbarl. MAY s1, 1035.

Vlltftlolli eLI. I , ix“ "hi. o "IQ I I-I,

alias and lI-l. vurrla.

hours. the l‘ broadcasting service was Placed mt the disposal or the Rec-Pagans. On Good hi. d3)‘ there was a Hitler Youth broad. cast on the significant theme-o; “Baldurs death," and an pygm- Monday a “German gpring 501 ity" elven by members a the Ber- lin province of the German 1min, Movement. This last, the move- ment's first official broadcast, was concentrated paganism 1mm “m to ﬁnish.

EDITORIAL NOTES

May leaves us today, and, g11 thinks Qonsidered, has been a fav. curable month for farmer-g,

The outside world is 1n sad but. moil, though here, thumb“, we are still at rest.

Mr. Bennett informed Mr. King that the general election oould not take place until the voter's 115i; have been revised, which, of course, iml>1ies_ September as the most suitable month.

If the south African government had not been in a position t0 rum troops to southern Rhodesia the other day, the natives would have been in revolt and the security of a "white" South Africa, thredtenm-L

Should Italy make war on Ethio- pia. Japan is almost certain to sup- Dort the Ethiopians. Indeed, it was largely because Japan has obtained. almost a monopoly in Ethiopia, that Italy berm w sit up and take notice.

The Liberal opposition at Ottawa admit that it is illegal for a. girl to steal from her employer, but says no legislation should be pass- ed, making it a crime for an em- ployer tosteal from his employee, until the constitutionality of the legislation be tested. As it cannot be tested until it is in operation the absurdity or their ‘opposition is manifest.

1n the old days in England it was tea and not liquor that was boot- lcggcd. A Wiltshire bootlegger was shot in an encounter with revenue oﬂlcers, and this is the epitaph which marks his grave: v

“To the memory of Robert Trot- moll» late of Rowd. in the county of Wilts, who was ba/rbarously murder- ed oh the shore near Poole, the 24th of March. 1765:

“A little tea; one leaf I did not steal. For guiltless bloodshed I to God

appeal. Put tea in one scale, human blood in Vother, And think what ’tis to slay a human

The new flax process now being adopted successfully in Lancashire reminds us of another "process" which lost Mr. Joseph Chamberlain a quarter of s. million dollars. At the age of 22, Neville Chamberlain was packed off by his father to Inagua, one of the larger Bahamas islands, to create “ordered planta- ticns and construct a factory to turn sisal into hemp." Joseph Chamberlain had, in i890, bought 20,000 acres in the Bahamas on the acivlco of Sir Ambrose Shea, Gov- ernor oi‘ the islands, who was “full of a new discovery which was to revolutionize the conditions of the islands," and make millions for all

only ., Chamberlain lost fifty thousand pounds ($250,000) in the Bahamas.

of Queen's University, representing

conccned. It consisted of a plant, growing like a weed, which was the curse oi the islands till Shea found that it would give a hem; equal to the best Manilla. At lnest, so he llicuglil. tut it turned out to be and Joseph

Dr. W. Hamilton Fyfe, Principal

‘Queen's University; lvlr. Owen D. Young, chairman or the General Electric Company, repmsehting the St. Lawrence University, and Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University, represent- ing the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, announce the completion of the programme for the conference on Canadian-Amer- ican affairs which opens at the St. Lawrence University at Canton, New York, on June 17 and contin- ues until June 22. The Canadian- American conference has been organised to study the alhirs oom- mon to the two countries. Men of affairs and scholars from Canada and the United States ‘will meet for an exchange of information and opinion on political, economic, legal and educational problem o! inter- est to the two American nation. The conference ‘will supplement the workofasurvsywhlchhasbom carried on for two years by an lu- tmntionsi ma! of about sonny

tantly. "Americans have a right to support peace. If they allow them-

war are going to be repeated." This

tea B w...

IMIIAIHIII “Ill ﬂag mgﬂmqm penalty in life miprisomncnt, a ‘Ilbnuiton cﬂﬂpm

Cayiba authorities for imposing a sentence of one month for forgery. The . is a ' “ that death used to be the punishment

the first m

Doctor ﬂewciilnl. of ﬂu Unlwor- Billy of Southern California, fresh from the Orient, is nvuch implegsed hywlapanoos commercial inroads. Ho says that women worker; ‘in Japan receive thirty cents a day and that bicycles that cost fifty ddJars in the United States are beinrproduoed for six dollars.- Moncton Transcript.

There I something re . in tho news that Captain Anthony Men. recovered in health, is to take DB-rt again in "talks" with mropeun Smteslfleﬂ "Cardin: the general situation. The chief attribute o; the; vvuthfiﬂ diplomat. it is said. is that indefinable something known as "chsrm,” but to this must be added a keen knowleMc of men and ‘the manner in which they should be handled. Anyway, Anthony Eden is to be seen again about the coh- ference tNbles of a somewhat ner- vous Eiuope-Toronto Globe.

It has already been demonstrat- ed that for catching petty maraud- ers the radio has proved itself an llnellloected boon. For defeating meek-thieves who prowl by night and such gentry as mowi- car stealers, the radio has already paid for itself. Moreover, it has -had such s. discouraging effect ‘l.l'p0li the class of persons whose ambit- ions are being thwarted that they have in many eases changed their Ocﬁllilations and pursuits. Automo- bile thefts are down and porch- "limb"!!! has almost gone out of fashion.

Common sense is the community of the senses or faculties; in its outcome it is the agreement of their "Ports. A thing is said to be com. mon sense when it satisfies the hem- the mind. the emotion and the senses; when, in fact, u; sat. isfies all our various criteria of Teﬂmy- Oilherwlsn a statement may be logical. it may be pleasing, it may be practical, it may be obvious; but only when it is all is it really common sense-A. R. Orage's "Readers and writers."

In a Cumberland street shop window a. Canadian four-dollar bill is on exhibition as a, rarity, Most lW-Ollle knOw that the "four-dollar hm 15 B» rarity 116011118: so seldom seen in circulation, but the reason is not so well known. When the ﬁrst issue was made something over 30 yea-TS ago it was found carrying a ‘Dicture or the Michigan sod locks, Someone at Ottawa had got hold o: the Wrong picture. evidently intend- ing to put the "picture of the Can- "dian 50° 10016. then comparatively new. 0n the currency. As soon as the W15 b65811 circulation the error was noticed and called to Ottawa's "item-km. Dllrtloularly by residents of the Canadian S00. Naturally, the issue with that partleumr mun,“ was not oontlnmd. Hence the rar- ililﬂ-Port Arthur News Chronicle.

The human voice is found by scientists to be a very prolific source of noise and women are found to be much noisier than men- Perhaps there will not be very much argument over those ob- servations. but when Dr. n. E. Free, who made the ﬁrst noise-survey of New York. declares he found that a roomful of women produced u noise practically equal to the ma, o’ NilgaTi. he is likely to 11-331- more, noise about that.

Sir Oswald Mosley has had to be rescued by the police 1mm a has. tile crowd once more. Presumably thcse who threatened to attack the British Fascist leader were Com. mum-sis and NWiTP-S because Fas- cism "W595 Only. amusement as a iule in England where it 1s neither necessary nor desirable. The con- ditions from which Italy was sav- rid by Fascism have no parallel in Eﬂkland, consequently the move. ment becomes merely anti-Com- munist and in some degree anti- Semitic. Tbr: British government a - Dears to have the Communis under very fair control and for centuzies there has been no ani- moslty against Jews in England;

Admiral Sims believes in peace, says it should be supported mm.

selves to be brow-beaten by par- sons who, for business or other “awn-F. 011F086 the peace move- ment, then the horrors of the 15,51, goes for all of us. There is a frightful lot o; nonsengg

about war. or about what qther nations may do to us if we do“ rct into the armament race. resort to death-dealing things 11kg the latest in bombs and poisonous gas. A lot of this talk comes from Gen- erals and Admirals who have never smelled gunpowder: hence the im-i portance of counsels of sanity from a great naval figure like Admiral Sims-Ottawa Journal.

In a search for‘ additional m. enue, the French state railways have created a "dc luxe hobo" class of travel. They are Oﬂntlng ticket; for "hobo rides" in box cars on any freight trains anywhere in France. They have had several himdrcd cars painiad whim. inside and out, to be used u "tflmpinl-Clmping csrﬂsttficrlioofllfranosnday.

college and university ‘professors under tho direction o1 Dr. Jamel

WHY S0 MANY MENTAL PATIENTS ABE CURID,

I was born opposite a very largo hospital ion the ‘ asylum as -we called it then-and have always been interestd in mental patients.

My ﬁrst recollection as a youngster was being sin-prised that they allowed "Old John", one of the patients, to open and close the gate for the carriages and delivery wag- ons. I thought he should be conﬁned

hind the barred windows as were

other patients.

A number of years later I was surprised to ﬁnd that a. number of the inmates worked on the gYClLiluS among the ﬂO‘.‘.'0l‘S and vegetables. While they were thus used, at ﬁrst, lto help with the wonk, it was found

that a goodly number of these out- xioor wankers so improved mentally that they were able to leave the in- stitution and return home and to work. I-t was this "work” in a num- ber of institutions that laid the foundation for “occupational ther- apy” which as you know not only ltcaches the patient that he can con- lstruct, or do some work in the world, but while he is thus occupied with this work he is not looking inward on himself which is so harmful in mental cases. -

A few months ago I was at this same institution and a number of patients including the chap I was visiting were playing a 8100i) Slime outdoors.

Thus we find that the first great advance in the “cure" _ of mental cases was removing bars from win- dows, and doing away with strait- jackets, padded cells, and other forms of restraint, ,

Dr, Chas. F. Reid and John T- Nerancy, Elgin, Illinois, state that, “the practical abolition of restraint in the modern state hospital is a very positive contribution to the cure of mental patients. We ﬁnd at Eigin that a hospital of 4,300 pat- ients, with 150 patients coming in every month, need carry an average of but one or two patients in res- traint daily and these are kept thus for surgical rather than mental reusonss. Seldom need a patient be conﬁned in a locked room."

"As restraint was done away with, occupation Hnerged, first as a nec- essity and then as a. recognized method of treatment." “Exercise, re- creation and directed group activi- ties help to make the patients ‘soc- ial”.

It is being “s0ciable" that enab- les the rest of us to remain outside mental institutions. .

"Freedom to come and go at will in the hospital grounds strengthens the ego (will, or, respect for one‘s ability). About l5 per cent can usually enjoy this privilege."

You can sec from the above and the great benefits derived from re- moving infections-teeth, tonsils, large intestine-why about 6 in every l0 patients entering are able t0 leave mental institutions. _ _

SONG

l have loved ﬂowers ‘that fade,

talked _

Within whose magic tents Rich hues have marriage made With sweet unmemoried scents; A honeymoon delight,-

A joy of love at sight,

That ages in an liour;-

My song be like a. flowcrl

I have loved airs, that dig Before their charm is writ Along a. liquid sky Trembling to welcome it, Notes, that with pulse of my Proclaim the spirits desire, Then die, and are nowhere; My song be like an air!

Die, song. die like a breath, And wither as a bloom;

Four not a ﬂowery death, Dread not an nlry tomb!

Fly with delight, fly hcncel "Twas thine loves trndn- sense To feast, 110w on thy l>ici~ Beauty shall shed a tear.

-lR.obcrt Bridges.

4___.

Tllcy will be rented to parties of six at least and not more than ten a car. The cars \vlll l-n ﬁtted with cooking stoves and hooks for ham- mocks. It will sound quite luxurious to old soldlcrs familiar ullth the "huit clicvcaux quarunte hommes"

mCmada, have been and um rc-

mainbusywith vigorous weiconu to Lord Boom-Powell of Gflwcll, thcfoundcrotthohoyﬂooutmovc- meat, which provsiisnow mall quartcrsofthoworid withsiotsl oftwomilliomtwo huudmdand sixty-ninethoussndnuunhrl. says the Ottawa Journal. Gcouroe, the

number one million, six hundred and seventeen thousand.

come one hundred thousand in the

ledge given by the Governor Gen- eral last Autumn. and to the aid which Lord Beshorough has given to a. campaign with that. end in view. And this should he greatly promoted by two important factors. ﬁrst the Present visit of mm Bad- Bn-Powcll, mdnext a. cordial agree- ment arrived at between the Boy Scouts‘ executive and the Catholic church authorities in the Province of Quebec.

A nation-wide drive, powerfully has secured promise of something 0W1‘ half s. million dollars to fin- ance the Scout organizations in Canada, national, provincial and local for the next five years. Half a million sounds s. lot. Il‘or ﬁve years, it means $100,000 a year. For sixty-six thousand Scouts, it would mean a dollar and a half a year to help as regards each Scout. But with 100,000 Scouts, the figure will be an average of a. dollar per head per year to meet all cost of local organizations. printing, Dominion headquarters and Dominion meet- ings. cost of travelling oﬂlcers to promote the movement, and many other things.

The agreement of the Dominion executive with the church in Que- bec province is an interesting thing. The Scout movement, except among the English-speaking people of Montreal, had made no progress in Quebec. The Catholic church ap- peared to be a. little dubious about the Scout idea, possibly because of imagining it to be of a. military tinge-which it emphatically is not. At all events, French-Canadian Scouts were limited to a few small troops, some of which did not rec- ognize Dominion association, and which quarrelled with each other. Dominion headquarters eventually, about a year ago, opened negotia- tions with Cardinal Villeneuve, head of the Catholic church in Quebec, and met a friendly response. As a result a cordial agieement has been reached, unanimously on the part of the Canadian General Coun- cil, by which Dominion headquart- ers recognizes the formation of “La

main mouth is in mgiish-Ipesk- . ihccountrlminwhiohtlu Scouts.

near suture in response‘ to g clun- .

promoted by the Governor General, .

Rival Pipe imnkint Tobacco

From the First llntarlo Burloy

llickey a Nicholson

IT'S All

EXTRA

G 0 0 II 3 H40 IKE“

“ Pcerlss at the Price "

PUBLIC FORUM

Ill! column ll Ihll for correspondent:

r

ALTER-IN G THE UN-ALTEBABLE

Sin-To any one who might re- gard the B. N. A. Act as constituting an agreement or a treaty either bc- tween themscives or between the provinces and the Dominion. tho subsidy settlements provided by the Act‘ would appear to have been doubly secured and to be well-nigh unchangeable.

‘The B. N. A. Act was an Imperial statute passed by the British Parlia- ment. Presumabiy therefore it could be altered or amended only by a statute of the same high tribunal. The Act itself had declared that the subsidy settlements made were “in full settlement of all future demands on Canada.” The door thus seemed to be doubly barred and bolted against any alteration. Yet, ns we shall see, when necessity arose, when the fiscal need of a single province demanded, all locks and bars were broken, all technical rules violated.

Rules of law, as applied to sov- ereignties-to sovereign provinces as to sovereign states-are not to be

Federation, dcs Scouts Cathollques do la Province ‘do Quebec“ as an

methods of war days-Kingston Willi-Standard.

ENO’S ”FRUlT SALT" HANogslzc

4

i!

..il“gfé§

The Quality Drugstore

'1'. Shotwcll, director o1 the Div- isipn of accrual-ca and mm, of the Carnegie llidowmcnt m m- unnucml Poaca

Johnson & Johnson Corner Kent d Prince St.

._~.r..... ..- :¢_aw.-is-->v;.

autonomous body, halving control of its own affairs, except subject in that regard to the church authorit- ies in Quebec. but subject also to the established principles of Scout- ing.

These Scouting principles main- ly. as specified in the agreement- and it is worth while to reiterate such here, as governing all Scout doings the world over—include the following, formally incorporated in the agreement signed by Dominion headquarters and Cardinal Villcn- euve:

(a) Promise:

“On my honor and with the grace of God, I promise to do my best to serve God and the Church, the King and Canada, to help oth- er people at all times, to observe the Scout Law."

(b) Principles:-

1. The Scout is proud of his Faith and copforms all hLs life to it

2. The Scout is a son of Canada and a good citizen.

3. The Scout's duty starts at home.

(c) Lawn-

1. A Scout's honor is to be trusted.

2. A Scout is loyal to his King and country, his parents, his sup- eriors, and his subordinates.

3. A Scout's duty is to serve and to help others.

4. A Scout is a friend to all and a brother to every other Scout.

5. A Scout is courteous and chiv- alrous.

6. A Scout sees in nature the work of God; he loves plants and animals.

'1. A Scout obeys without grumb- ling and leaves nothing half done.

8. A Scout smiles and sings under all difficulties.

0. A Scout is thrifty and takes care o1’ others‘ belongings.

10. A Scout is clean in thought, word and deed.

(h) National Colors:-

Thc Canadian flag. at present the "Union Jack," as flown on public buildings by the Govern- ment of Canada.

As already said La Federation ﬁns Scouts Cstholiques do la Province do Quebec is directly subject to

boys arc expected to ioln it ifthey wish m be Scouts. It is agreed, how- ever, that tho Federation will not operate outside of Quebec.

This agreement of the Canadian Scout, organisation with Cardinal Vlllcneirvc is an important thing for both the Scout movement, and for the promotion of Canadian patriotism. It illustrates that the mistaken fear which many people. particularly among the clergy. have felt that the Scout movement is of a military spirit is disappearing; and it iliustraha also the growing fooling in this ocuntr! or Canadian unity, regardless of ma. Nor dons the fact seem objectionable that Drench-Canadian Catholic boys in Quebec should be and to be loyal tothcirowuchurchwhilsthcysm alloukadbythcirwhurchtobo loyal to Scout principles.

So tho Jholo“ atmosphars in Canada now is favorable in the rapid extension of the lilloudid thing which is embodied in t

a dead hand restraining their growth and development. In this wider field such rules do not func-

tion as the average man, even the average lawyer or the average judge, understands and interprets them. In the development of states and provinces, and more especially in the history of the development of Can- ada, rules and precedents at times are set at naught and. disregarded. As was stated some hundreds of years ago by an eminent judge to whom the absence of precedent was urged as an objection to any action, “It is in our power to make u precedent, if we are warranted in so doing by sufficient reason."

The peculiar genius of the Canad- ian spirit and constitution, as it is of the British, is that when the need arises technical rules and formalism must give way to the general good. Necessity finds a way. So it has been with respect to Section 118 of the British North America. Act.

Even the law as applied to the af- fairs of individuals must submit to the inevitable demands of evolution and growth. Decisions must have “actual daily contact with business," and rules of law, in the language of Chief Justice Duff, "must be capable of adaptation to the conduct of prac- tical aﬂairs." Law is not to be re- duced to "a set of mechanical rules," but courts and judges must “apply and adapt the principles declared to the ever-changing circumstances business and life." The duty of members of the legal profession in this respect has been succinctly sta- ted by Canadws most eminent judge, and the art of the lawyer declared “equal to the great task of expand-

llo Not Neglect Your Fox Pups

The "Worm Menace" is pcr- , hops the most vital proposi- tion the Fox Rancher has to contend with In bringing his pups to maturity. . -

The outlook for this indus- try would be grave indeed were it not for the wonderful benc- iits derived from the use of

DR. FFBENClPS VERMICIDE CAPSULES

This wonderful remedy has

the Catholic h authorities as regards its provincial operation; ammo‘ igoahig‘ $11‘: and French-Canadian Catholic

Clank: should be used. It ll tor 0o follow the

‘la put up in_

and 500 Cap- retalla at 01.00, $3 iilld

a TFOSTEB

OIWIIAI; DRUG STORE

Boy Scout ideal and movement. , I

Antbarhod Distrib hr I’. I. Island.

Mr. Tea Pot was:

BRAHMIN

Use Best Quality

TEA

ORANGE PEKOE u

EMPIRE TEA Sold only in rcd airtight pkgl.

ing the rules of substantive law to answer the needs of peoples of every race and environment." The accom- plishment of this ideal and duty on the part of the, legal profession, which Sir Lyman Duff refers to as "a. noble achievement for Justice among men," is all the more neces- sary where the rights, not of mere individuals inter se, but the rights and the development of whole pro- vinces are the issue. It is then the real statesman rises above preced- ent, above mere technical and me- chanical rulcs. It is then his great- ness is displayed.

8o it was in i800 when the 51ml amendment to, the B. N. A. Act was effected.

mom the popular point of view Nova Scotiu was not favourably dis- posed towards Confederation nor the terms that had been offered. A strong sentiment against Union ex- isted. A delegation, headed by Hon. Joseph Howe, had gone to London to ask for the repeal of the Act. The

mendous and have not been fully realized. Without an express de- claration to that eﬂect, the B. N. A. Act was in reality amended by a Canadian statute.

The principle, “Daughter am I in my mother's house and mistress in my own," was applied with u. venge- ance, and its application in this bold manner was declared valid by the British Government's legal advisers.

One may be permitted here to re- mark that in overriding by its own legislation this express provision of the British North America Act, tiia spirit of Canada's national inde- pendence, which was later to come to its fruition and to exhibit ifsel in the power to write treaties and in the right completely to control and guide its own national destiny, and which, in 193i, received recognition and the solemn rite of baptism un- der the name of "'l'he Statute of Westminster," thus, in 18$, at Can- ada's early age of two years, gave its first throb in the womb of time.

situation calltci for resourcefulness

and statesm iship. Amending the

British Norili America Act meant the passing of an Imperial statute

with the question to be considered us to the necessity of assent of all

Provinces. The section affected

contained the frequently quoted finality clause. How could finality cease to be filial, how alter the un- alterable? Sir John A. MacDonald was equal to the occasion. An Act was introduced into the Canadian

Parliament itself increasing the sub- sidy to Nova Scotia and its debt al- lowance. The amendment specific- ally referred to the B. N. A. Act and the sections of that Act which had fixed and settled Nova Scotials sub- sidy allowances. Notwithstanding Section 11B of the B. N. A. Act, the Canadian Parliament proceeded to grant the increases.

When the Bill came up for discus- alon Sir John A. MacDonald stated simply that Nova Scotia must be piacutcd and that Canada, holding the purse, had a’ right to do what it liked with the money,

Hon. Edward Blake and Hon. Alexander McKenzie led n. V1801?!“ opposition to the measure. It was recognimd that this meant in reality au~altcration of the B. N. A. Act. Every argument was used that has been or could be used against P. E. L's claim under "fiscal need." "The "compact" theory was referred to. The B. N. A. Act, it was said, was an agreement, and cguld not be al- tered or amended except by the con- scnt of all provinces interested, and even then, only by an enactment of the British Parliament. The amend- ment to the Bill which was movid in the House shows this clearly. It reads:

“That in the opinion of - .iris House any disturbance of the financial arnu geménis respecting the several provinces provided for in the British North America Act, unless assented to by all the Pro- vinces, would be subversive of the system of government under which the Dominion was constituted."

Civil war was not expressly refer- red to, but the meaning was obvious. The amendment, was voted down by a large majority.

Sir John A. McDonald to no chances. A copy of the Act ms for- worded to the Secretary of Stats for the Colonies for an opinion as to its validity. Lord Granville applied to the Law Officers o! the Crown for their _ opinion. The opinion was given:

"That the Act is one which it was competent for the Parliament of Canada to pass under the pow- ers vested in it by the list Section iligatlho British North America Act,

The question of constitutionality was sot at rest. ft hu not been raised since.

Thus the subsidy settlements which the B. N. A. Act had express- ly declared to be final and in, mil settlement of all‘ demands m m

upon Canada, were unsettled, tho B. N. A. Act itself, in affect, amended, and this without .111 he. ocuity of any Imperial statute, and without the consent of the provin- ccl. It was done merely by the

What was done in 1860 for Nova Scotia was not overlooked by other provinces. All have, at various times since, applied for and obtained “bet- ter terms." _

Notwithstandlnl the "finality: clause of Section 118, there have been three general a visions increas- ing the grants given to all the pro- vinces and more than a scom of special revisions affecting one or 0 few provinces.

With one exception, these increa- ses or alterations in subsidy have been cﬁcted by Dominion enact- merits.

That exception took place in 1901 Sir Wilfrid Laurier, as Prime Min- ister, had been subjected to repeat/rd.

better tcrms. Following the lead given by Blake and MacKeuzic noel‘- iy 40 years earlier, and thinkins pomibly to make an end of the al- most continuous demands Dominion treasury by, necessito

provinces. or at least to make it eas- ier to refuse such requests. Sir Wil- frid decided that any chance o! file- sidy he might make should be mfec- ted by an Imperial enactment and not by Dominion statute. The change proposed was s. rule of con- venience, not a rule oi law. To thiﬂ end he called together representa- tives of the provinces and 85km them to formulate their 010M105- This was clone and s request mode that an Imperial statute be passed amending the British North Ami?!”- Act by alfering the amounts of the subsidies. Pesoiutious were adovied end

___...__~____-<°""*""3£;E;el__

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, .

Just Received l A large quantity v1 F0501‘ ALIN, one 0f the boll linvln‘

tatlvcd known for Smut 0i‘ llustonGi-ain. .,

A cheap but thoroughly o!-

demands from various provinces for '

fcctlvc remedy. Grain Ifwm would be wise c» act promo!!! in order to have reed IIIWW‘! trusted before lowing.

One plat u. every 40 slllwl of water. Full dimcl-iolll IWV“ with cvory order.

PRICE 40 CENTS PINT- _-__. MACS HAIR 835K111

A delicately perfumed F" parotlon which restores all baoutiflca the hair.

It wills-onion Orly llalr to its original color.

Pmduola a rich and abund- ant growth of hair.

Dmtmys aud prevents Dau- druif. '

annualized-mumm- 1m! Crdorl o. o. o. om» Proumt_Attontlon. .-

T..'.‘°....2 .5333.

ﬂamingo! a Canadian statute. The implications of this are tra-

.