- -~ls4rom 7 Vs l° 3 YGGPB. according to

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1- SEPTEMBER 28,1918 . __ `

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_ . I __ A l Teachers. Parents. is

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,_ _ ' " ’ " rr ' ' ' r Y "~ ' - -- -1 - - ~ - - - -‘-' -f~--'f - »~ - ~-»~-»--~ - »----1 :_-<-'ff -J:-'-f->>w.-.-<.-c.-_-_-_-_~; .- - -_-_-_-_-_-_-: - -~.-.-.-;_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ --_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ _-_- _-_-: -_- _-_-_-_-_.,,_

Tiil0T0il 0N A Flilil

m1i‘E OF POWER ENGINE IS ABOUT EIGHT YEARS.

gum; Enables Owners to Enlarge

frlieir Farm Operations - It 15 Used on an Average by a Farmer About 45 Days In the Year, and

' Proves Very Valuable.

The average life of a farm tractor

estiuiates furnished by over 600 ex- perienced tractor owners on repre- sentative farms on this continnent. This is brought out in a study con- ducted in 1917 and the spring of 1913 hy a group of experts. The re- ports oi' the tractor owners show that the outilta are used on an average of 45 _dayll D91' Yelr.

While at first glance this may ap-

pear low, when it is remembered that on farms where horses do all the work they are used on an average of only about 100 days annually, it will be seen that where both horses and tractor are used, even though the number of horses is somewhat reduc- ed, the machine need not be expected to have employment for asfmany days annually as did the horses. The

Wm'.l‘liiBN CROP l\EP05||g_

llistlmstes Received This ye" 5,.,

_ 00lltra|ll0to\-y, `

The most contradictory reports

continue to come in with regard to Western crop conditions. One esti-

mate places the wheat crop of the ?;‘8°;0:7)56-srl; ilrovinces as high ag Gov'erninent i “hem the Dominion it at 216 oooh M39 “meme” mced "een" ' ut Q30, Hon. T. A. Crerar ooo wid? H 0 figure at 150,000,- M_“,_“ e on. W. R. Motherwell,

Bl' Of Agriculture for Sas-

katchewan, cuts it down to 100 000 _ The highest’ estimate is.' of

0. an absurd one. Even in its

beat year the west did not reach 400,000,000 bushels of wheat,

Equal discrepancy is found in esti-

nlilatesi by provinces. Mr. Geo. Lane, su; l:_E rancher of Alberta, recently 3 0 that his province will have 0,000,000 bushels of wheat this Y9lll', and one C.P.ll. di-visional sup- erintendent in Southern Alberta stat- ed about the same time that his divi- sion alone will move 10,000,000 bllllllelll Of wheat from this year's ¢l'0D. On the other hand, the Secre- tary of Lethbridge Board of Trade puts the total for the whole province at 10,000,000. This latter estimate ll llllllported by the statementof Mr. D. L. McLean, superintendent of elevators for the United Grain Grow- 9". Wll0 Pills the ilgure at 10.500,- 000 bushels of wheat. '

Mr. John l. McFarland,

and managing director of the Alber- ta Pacific Elevator Co., would not venture an estimate on the amount of grain for Alberta, except to say that he believed that there would be little more than what would be rc- quired for home consumption. Espe- cially is this true of oats. Both Mr. McFarland and Mr. McLean have wired the Board of Supervisors ask- ing them to do their utmost to ini- press the Government with the nc- cessity of`leaving all the grain in the province until the needs of the coul- munity are satisfied, as it would be utter folly and needless expense to move the grain east and then have to send for it again.

How much of a drop in produc-

tion there has been in Alberta this year, even if the most optimistic es- timate is accepted, will be realized when it is stated that in 1917 Alber-

president

Tractor Drswing Double Disk Harrow.

horses kept will do some of the work, which will, of course, decrease the amount to be done by the tractor. A considerable percentage of the 100 days’ work done by horses represcntn odd jobs for which the tractor con- not be used to advantage. Even if the machine were to do all the work formerly done by the horses, it would not normally be employed 100 days per yeh`r',"`lriisuiucli as it does the work more rapidly.

lt should be borne in mind that

practically all farm operations must be carried on within limited periods, and that between these seasons there will often be no flcld work which the tractor can do, either on the home farm or for neighbors. The fact that weather and soil conditions are such as to permit ileld work with s. trac- tor does not necessarily mean that there is such work to be done. Farm management plays an important part in organizing the farm so as to pro- vide proiltable employment for thc tractor during as many days as pos- sible. Such organization involves the planning of a crop rotation which will furnish a large amount of work which it can do, the_ elimination of as many horses as desirable, and the distribution of the work over a lon!! period. However, the rotation should include only such crops as can be grown profitably in that particular section.

The significance of the fact that xi

large percentage of the farmers who reported enlarged their farms after buying tractors is readily apparent when the tractor's place in farm management is thus considered. Ob- viously” these men have learned througli' expericnce that much more land per man can be handled when a tractor is used than with horses only. and that to get the most out of their iiifvestment they must farm land` enough to keep their tractors busy nt Profitable work throughout as much as possible of the available workinil season. ‘

‘ Fai-min( In Bwltlel-land. in Switzerland an association for

industrial agriculture has been re- cently organised and already has a large numlfdi' of the principal manu- facturers nd their employes as mem- bers. A cgntral bureau provides suit- able land fbr cultivation by the mem- bers, provides thdh with agricultural instruction, assistance in securing implements for working the land and in obtaining seed, etc. The undertak- ing is intended to help food produc- tion for the duration of the war, but the work has already proved so suc- cessful that the organisation is likely to be permanent.

v ..___._¢.__,.,-_-_-

` lJa.ii_‘y _Cattle lull. 0.

'Dairy cattle. formed s leading future at tllbflihibltlon at Vancou-

ver, The ohisliglure in this exhibit WI! Zsrilds. 0 thilde 8rd, DeKol. the world’s champion mllk-produc- llls cow front oltiny Fermi Kelowna Holstein Bro' sri' Association also had sevent`e'M‘hesd- entered. 111100 the Universixfef. British columbia use _s sp ' 'ii~ A ibn that was ii credit to " ' tural department or uni testo 1 ’tn|. smiosiso to Prof. ldoheili" bo diss " n with the 'university less than two ye_srn,

but whoaéatrihg that time baux- umbled ' dQ.tl\s finest dairyb I ll* lllf orovinqe. '

~ Bldol Weeds.

On _i ll ' _seeded down to 21°'-ar- .. °“‘.tii:‘° :.1 011 =.,\~,-_ '_ ' “ 'gp 01'. _ ‘gl tlg`_grstii‘s ,_ Qaazemovedi 3::

Wd lil tilt tunin nun __ __.__7 ~ ~, _ agen (ini-me me _.'_f°'~_y5i___ _‘nu sae. s- - 1 fl,--»-1 __ _sw vi = _

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l\lllUW- *lil*

ta produced nearly 51,000,000 busli- els of wheat, in 1916 over 49,000,- 000, and in 1915 upwards oi’

61,000,000.

Alberta's oat yield this year is

estimated by Mr. McLean at only 6,000,000 bushels, against 81,000,- 000 last year and 93,000,000 in 1916.

The Calgary Herald of the 17th

reports some improvement over ear- lier conditions, particularly in the frosen areas of the north, but says

tflx yiteld there has been reéiuced bi' st rom 20 to 25 per een . »

One diihculty in preparing an es-

timate either for one province or for the west as a whole lies in the tact that conditions vary so much. While _Southern Alberta, as n. whole, has suffered very greatly from droutli, some summer fallowed lands there are reported as yielding 20 to 25 bushels of wheat per acre. Because. however, of the general condition of

Southern Alberta, diillculty is beifng experienced in getting help even or sections where crops are ready for harvest. One agent there who usual- ly supplies about 1,000 men has not had a single name on his books so far, although $4 to $4.50 per day with board is being offered for har-

vesters.

In Saskatchewan the general out-

look appears to be _better than in Alberta. About Moose Jaw, according

to the News of that city, altlitciaugh the wheat stem straw ily. some IMS known as the stern borer, has done considerable damage in _the earliest fields and in the lightest crops, hun- dreds of wheat fields promise 25 bushels to the acge, many Wlél Ygfgd 30 bushels to t e acre, an s e ilelds are suré of 40 bushels £0 the acre. Oats, barley and flax crolli MB

all good, some 1o0a.t bilead? giliglg promise of 80 to us e s i

acre, and ilaxdov¢;rl2t_) bushellslgxottirlfi

re. A won er u mpr0V0

:de crops of Sai:lka;chev_val:a§¢_l)l€_l;~_;lt>' is reported by t e rov nc G - ment of Agriculture, but crops are still poor to -very poor in most parts

of the prolvlncte. In Creelman1gi:_i;i'i1c} wheat wil no average over 'J

bushels per0aci}_e_,“laut t§stBhW_i;lo§0b;l__D t 40and5. sen use - 5' r ‘° :°°°"°3 “'.fzi'.':.i."".’.; burn, Go wa er an - North nattieford :e§tion.gwh;;i has done a ot o ama e. =~ in Swift urren sec o than an average of six bushels is looked for in wheat. _

Manitoba is in s much better pos - th~.i.:'-°.;‘°".:.':.'::°r:.n‘=‘ vinces. 9 BDU 0 ` ture of that province says tha‘ii :I0 damage by frost is reported, an n jury by hail and red rust is very iight. 'rue potato yield generally la heavy, Dugald district reliortinl “D

b gh is per acre.

to ggotopuofeall the other ha:\di¢aDH

t has suffered th s year.

2?: tggaziieiz has epxiirzminterferins

0 ~

“$1.515”-flzed slilteiatlon in the west is being're_lioved in a measure bfy :asia/0 monton re901'l lm 91°* *"°“A 'Ed_ ing stock to where feed is. _heady mov no f _ s little over one hundred haylintg oust -ilts have bssn shlvlwd ll°l'¢ _ ‘{_b‘:____ up hay, prinoipsliyln the no I “___ hood of usser Slavs I-Ale. 10:" hom ,fa going east and hortliesl

Edmonton. ' iigi-ieulearu oem-so se meh B°l\°°l-

t eau et Asrl°alNr°l alll*

H nqzhrlldx Science have been rlflill-

oul o ind in connection with Por: Parr! High School. The agriculture -solrkh some we mn. sud 1113*? :"3 li 've succelliullv 0011190 a: gina second-year standing at the ontario Agricultural' co_ll_eg; _$1.5 ii ` years wer w . e;°i,,'?aii»‘ sign mimi can canine

' the`imnd’r»r‘» "fl 'll'

isis. 3 _

EVERGREEN PROTECTION.

0°! Rudy tc nc 'rms Planting Next May.

Unless the intending grower nf’

evergreens is willing lo walt until llllflllg to commence planting he

algal get work #in that line done d_mg'_~___ _El/llrglcens are somewhat th b 0 transplant successfully at

e est of times and they should

liliver be set out in the fail, Eve"

ough trees oi’ this class requh.e

°°11Sll19l`l\ble attention at the start, they are well worth the time spent on menlf @5D9Cl&lly I0 dwellers in sections of the country that are not Well Provided with natural wood 8l‘0Wlll. Their chief attraction lies in the color they show throughout the winter season, when all other trees have lost their foliage, but nl. most as attractive a feature is their ability to provide shelter for dwell- mil? and farm buildings in general,

'lo suggest evergreens planted as

hedges for the protection of farm fields would be going a little too far with the idea in the direction of en- 00\ll`llEll1g beauty at the expense oi' llllllly. because where tree roots exist farm crops will not grow satis- factorily, but it would be to the benefit of any farm land to have clumps ur 'more considerable plant- ations of evergreens set in portions of the farm not entirely suited to thc growing of ordinary crops, and in fact the sacrifice of a fair proportion of the best oi' farm land to the grow- lug oi' trees. In cases where all oi' the soil is suited for cropping, would be found a paying undertaking lu the long run. Where a very consider- able acreage is to bc reforcsted other trees than evergreen will naturally be considered, and it is mainly with the idea of improving the appearance of the place that evcrgreens must bc considercd for planting on the aver- age farm; the hardwood being better qualified to provide fuel, are the trees that make the strongest appeal in these days of shortage of coal and other material for that purpose.

Though this summer- is now too far

advanced to allow of considering the planting of evergreens this year, un- less the supply of nursery stock is right at hand, it is not too early to start to plan for planting next May. The ground in which it is intended to plant windbrenks or ornamental clumps can be broken this fall, while a' visit to some 'of the best nurseries and zi talk with nn experi- enced nurseryman will licip one in making it selection oi' the -varieties best suited to various conditions ol' soil and climate. There ure, of course, some farmers so fortunately situated that they cuu procure their yoilng trees from the natural forvsi, but even in such cases it is well to secure information regarding varic- ties, and the practice of transplant- ing, from someone who has had ex- perience ln the work, as-cvcrgreens are difilcult to transplant, and young trees need careful protection from exposure when being moved. A few hints from a qualified landscape gar- dener will also be found valuable by the person -who wishes to get the best possible returns from his planting in ‘tho way of appearance of his grounds.

The Buckwheat Crop.

Without consulting the records,

one may say, judging from reports of observers in many parts of the pro- vince, that the acreage in buckwheat this year exceeds that of any previous season. Reports i'rom_the central and eastern portions of the province ln- dlcate a specially good condition of this crop and hope is entertained of n record yield. The increased acreage in buckwheat is no doubt due to the failure of fall wheat and.the filler crop cannot be considered capable of filling the place of that which was lost as regards actual feeding value, but the buckwheat, if properly saved will go a long way as a wheat sub- stitute both for human and live stock consumption, with the furui animals getting a little the best of it though ultimately the crop as o. food will be

consumed by the human.

One of the chief drawbacks with

buckwheat is the liability of the grain to waste in the field through shelling. For this reason the crop must be watched carefully as harvest time np- proaches, and the binder put to work just nt the right time. lt is generally considered that the crop is the_bettcr of a touch of frost and this belief is frequently allowed to influence the grower ln waiting too long before cuttins. ~ f

Another cause of loss in buckwheat

is the trouble that occurs in the grain after threshing. No other grain is more likely to become musty in the bln and even after loading in the care for shipment. 'l‘his trouble is likely to develop. So general is this trouble of mirstiness in buckwheat that the grain inspectors are always on the look-out for its occurrence in cur- loads and it is seldom that even it suspicion of its presence escapes them, so if for no other reason than to save his grade the shipper should take special pains to have his grain of this variety in top_ condition.

A grain inspector of many years’

experience in his present line of work and with a considerable experience of ig,-ming, pointed out the other day mat the practice of cutting buck- wheat after frost often means that the grain is harvested with the night dew frozen in the kernels. This dampness is not always entirely dis- posed of while the grain stands in the shook, especially if further frosts oc- cur and as buckwheat is -very cap- able of absorbing moisture. The moisture content of the grain, as a result of ‘these conditions, is _very high on the average. Even the well- dried grain runs a risk ‘of becomini! affected in the elevator or in the car- loed if other samples containing an cxcess of moisture are mixed with it, and when this is tho case the grain of.better duality has to be graded equal with the worst. -

_________..--

I orderirwdkltlweid hsor

nada oo oar a -

1de3::l°€.‘Mcmeo. of Fort William. Uiit., to cease conducting s grocery imsiimvumii auch time M ll' ll" _ received license from this Board. _

Pupils.

P|l0TEOTiN0 THE H008

DREADEI) (_`H()l.l°}lI.-\ IS CAUSED BY \'l~}l(Y HM.~\lili (EERNI.

The Sick_ Animal is ii Dangerous

Factor In Spreudilig tlio Disense- Alimcut l.‘iiun‘ot Always Bo Ding- uoscd' With Absolute Certaluty- Prevention ls Best.

The real cause of hog cholera is a

very small germ found in the blood or urine. lt may be said that uny- thlng which tends to lower the health oi' the animal, such as improper feed-

ing, lnsanitary conditions of hog lots, damp or cold sleeping places and dirty drinking and feeding troughs may be regarded as an indirect cause.

Since the disease can only be start-

ed by the introduction of the germ into the liérd and the organism is always present in the bodies of sick hogs and is thrown off in the feces and urine, tho most dangerous -fac- tor in spreading the disease is thc sick animal.

lt muy get into the herd by sick

hogs escaping from a neighboring herd, by the purchase of new stock noi showing symptoms, by returning

.

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Not a Good Place for Hogs-Clean

Pens and Abundance of Exercise will Do Great Deal Toward Protect- ing Hoge From Cholera.

show hogs lifter visits to fairs ur stockyurds, und by thc purchase ot' hogs which uppurcnily have recov-

ered. `

The fiyiuptouis are not constant

and uniforni, therefore the disease

cannot always be diagnosed with

solute certainty. Animals

from iiitestitihl troubles, and poisoning exhibit symptoms which closely resemble those of cholera.

In the early stages hogs hutidlc

together; have temperatures (105 to 107 degrees F. or higher); are cou- stipnted; thc feces often streaked with blood; it characteristic odor is present; und after the third or fourth day diarrhoea develops. As death approaches iliere is usually a. red- dening ol’ the skin on the under sur- faces of the body, snout and ears. This turns into a purple color if death is delayed o. day or two. There is a discharge oi' mucus"from the eyes. Coughing may or may not bc present. In chronic cases there is emaciation and the patient may lin- ger for days and weeks.

Prevention is the better treatment.

Separate sick animals from the herd at once. Vacclnatc the apparently healthy hogs with anti-hog cholera serum. This serum only protects thr hogs against cholera. it is a. preven tive and in no wise u cure. lt is ad- visable to take the temperature of the hogs. This should not be more than 104 degrees F.

Burn or bury the carcasses of hogs

that have died with the disease, dis- infect all pens and yards after an outbreak oi’ cholera. Burn all ma- nure, litter and straw, then apply a coat of coal tar. Pens should be sit- uated so that they can be properly drained and cleaned.

Proper feeding, plenty oi' exercise,

clean pens and an abundance of sun- shine will do u great deal toward pro- tecting hogs from cholera.

.

A Coming Dairy Famine.

The dairy herds of the old world

are depleted to an appalling degree. There is not a country in Europe where the people have enough dairy products, and this process oi' deple- tion is going on every day, and every week, and every month, and. will con- tinue to go on so long as this hor- rible war lasts. When this war is finished we shall ilud the world with a demand for dairy products two- fold, fourfold, tenlold greater than the supply. Europe will come to us with outstretched hands - every country in Europe--and suy to.us: "We must have milk; give us can- ned mllk; give us dry milk; give us butter; give us cheese; give us dairy cattle; give us animals to build- up our dairy herds again."

Clearing the Land.

in on address at Vancouver Exhi-

bition Mr. C. E. Hope, Deep Creek Farm, Fort Langley, declared that northern Chinnmen now in France -should be employed by the- people of British Columbia in land clearing in the Fraser Valley. "These China- meu," said Mr. Hopis, "have been taken to France by; the thousands for industriul_work'behind the Allied lines. They are stout, strong bien from the northern portion of China. They are unlike the Chinanieu now in the province in that they are strictly an agricultural race."

________..__-

Put _the Bull _to Work. ' By nieans of a tread mill the bull can be made 40 furnish power for running the cream separator, the

feed grinder, wssbiln! machine, the pump, etc. This exe " ise will do him good and tend to keep his disposition better.

REMOVAL OF TIIE BA]

\\'lI| Allow Full Use of Supplies 0| Pork Products.

'l`ii¢_- recent ra-uiov:1l of the lmn ou

home consumption of hog products is ii matter for rejoicing on the part of the farmers in view ol’ the near ap- proach ot' the season when the rush of spring litters to market takes place. The move made by the Food Administration was well calculated ns regards the time ol' its application and in this instance, ut any rate, the controllers of the public bill of fare leave lllcmselves _o_pe_n_!or_11é9_rlsre_t_\!- lation by producer and consum\>rW` alike. What really permits of this latest measure is the unqualiilod stic- cess that has attended the Greater Production campaign, in which all classes oi’ the community showed such commendable interest through- out the past season.

li. is to be hoped that for the fu-

ture, beglnnlng now, the consuming public will show appreciation of the liberty accorded, by making full use of the supplies of pork and pork pro- ducts iliat are available for home consumption so that the producers will not be driven, by luck of de- mand, to ucccpt prices inconsistent with the cost of production. There is a long winter' ahead of us, and no great promise of cheap feed for some time to come and cold storage plants will stand filling to capacity without danger of loss to their operators from n drop in prices. In fact, looking tn the future for some distance one may say with conviction that the usual fall slump in hog prices iuighi. safe- ly be avoided this fall, ‘even if ilie home consumer is allowed some bene- fit from the setting free of a supply of product.

Harvest \l7ithout Waste.

High prices and the need of sup-

plying the country and our European partners in the war with grain xnzikc it cspccially important that grain farmers study the most effective methods of harvesting without wrists every zicrc of grain. Careful liarvcsl- ing' methods for this your will in- clude the raking of grain fields und the careful stacking of gleanings in order tc save all possible grain tlizii may be grown. In connection with 1

Wheat Weil Shocked--Good Shocking

is One Way to Prevent Waste of Grain.

this comes the careful shocking and stacking of the grain. Many a farm- er has raised n good crop of choice wheat or outs only io have a crop of inferior grain to market becaiiuc of poor :mocking or poor stacking and subsequent. loss by protrzict-'-d rainfall. Everybody needs io bc on the lookout this year in order to prc- vent any of the wastes or losses that usually occur` after the grain has nc- tuully been grown and linrveat_eil. Covered storage is especially impur- tant in all liumld areas. 'i‘hresht-r- men should sec that their machines are in order for prompt and clean threshing and that the cleaning up after the threshing is complete.

A Fruit: Pest.

During June and July, cherry,

pear and plum trees in various paris of the province were seriously dani- nged by ii. leaf-feeding, blackish, slug-like insect called the pear and cherry slug. In many orchards, the foliage, particularly of sour cherry trees, was almost wholly destroyed. As there are two broods of this in- sect and as the second brood is liable to bc as destructive as the ilrst, wc would strongly advise fruit-growers to keep a watchful sye on their cherry, pear and plum trees, and if the slug threatens to become again injurious, a spray of arsenate of lead (2% lbs. to 40 gallons of water) should be applied. In instances where there are only a few trees, thc slugs may be destroyed by dusting air-slaked lime or due road dust on the foliage.--W. A. Ross, Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Vineland Station, Ont.

___________._._. Scrub Horses for Food.

Mr. George Hoadley, V.S., leader

of the Opposition in Alberta. Legis- lature, brought up the question of utilizing the scrub horses of that province as human food in France at it meeting of the directors of the

Alberta Horse, Cattle, Shejp and Swine Breeders’ Association . Mr. Houdley stated that froui 25,000 to 100,000 could be pickled up in Can- ada at tive cents per pound, and stated that if the Government suc- ceeded in thus getting rid of, say. 25.000 such horses, it would accom- plish more for the improvement on the strain of the horse than fifty years of breeding.

The meeting approved the sug-

gestion, and the resolution express- ing approval will be conveyed to Ot- tawa personally by Mr. Hoadley.

Sheep Possibilities In B'. 0. . Mr. Thomas P. MacKenzie, the re-

cently-appointed Provincial Grazing

Commispiouer for Britlzh Columbia. states that while thee are only 50,000 sheep in the Pacino province now, there is grssing available for 2,000,000. ln Washington and Oro- gon~alone, he states, there are s quarter million bead of cattle and nearly- one' and s quarter million shes).

'selecteddie should have -high-produc-

LARGE-PRODUCING OOWB.

Satisfa-

Some Hints for Securing a

_ tory Dairy Herd.

Iirevding furnishes the most eco-

nomical ,wuy to obtain large-produc- ing cows The pure bred bull, wit

tors bark of liini, must be used for breeding. and only the best heifers from the best cows should be chosen to he the dams of the next gener- iition. Pure breeding alone docs not make u good sire. The pure-bred sire should come from__n long line of high- producing ancestors. lf an old bull ls

ing daughters. Two courses are open to the doirymnn when buying a herd bull; he can purchase a. young bull

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The Tried and Proven lull is the lsd

investment. _

from a good, uillk-producing stock, or he can purchase un uid and tried bull. ln either case the bull should be lit-zilthy :intl from a. herd free from dist--use; he should have ai good con- stitution and be of good conform- ation. lu selecting a young bull the buyer should choose one whose fc- male ancestors have uniformly high records of production, since this in- dicates that high production is a tix- ed characteristic of the family Carc- ful attention should be given to the record uf the young bull’s dam, and after that to the daughters of his sire. The records of closely related uriiiunls are of far more importnncc than the fact that thc pedigree may include, three or four generations back, some exceptionally high-priced animals.

The tried and proven bull is the

hcst _ investment. When a bull’s daughters are larger producers than their clams, he has improved the licrd. Many good bulls, however, are sacrificed before their worth can be determined, which means the contin- uitl use of young bulls whose real value is not known. The sire should bc kcpi. until his daughters have sliown his worth, and if he is a. herd iuiprovcr iw shoultl be kept in the coiuuiunity its long as he is useful.

The owner of a large herd of cows

can well afford to own a ilrst-class bull, and the bull association has no made it possible for the owner of

well-bicd bull A co-operative bull association is ii farmers’ organizatio whose chief purpose is the joint own- crsliip, use and exchange of high- class, pure-broil bulls. If skillfully managed these associations should be eventually the greatest single factor in the uphuildlng ot' our dairy herds. The typical cu-operative bull associa- tion is composed of from 15 to 30 farmers. It jointly owns tive bulls, and divides its territory into five breeding blocks, to ouch of which one bull is assigned. As many as 50 or 60 cows may belong to the farmers in each block, and the bull should be kept at some farm conveniently siiuatcd. The blocks are numbered from one tu tivo and to prevent lnbrecding each bull is moved to the next block every twoyesrs. If all the bulls live and if all are kept until ouch has made one complete circuit, no new bulls need be pur- chased for ten years, 'In that why, paying only it small part of the pur- chase pricc of one bull, each member of thc association has the use of good, pure-bred bulls for many years. ln one association having more than 100 members the original cost to each was only $23. in another asso- ciation of 50 members the average investment was $25. It is possible for each association to continue (or ten years or more without other ud- clitional cost than the maintenance of the bulls.

Frost Covered Wide Area.

Crop reports coming to Alberta

Department of Agriculture indicate that damage from frost covers a wide urea. Most of the northern parts in that province, included in a line east and west of Wetaskiwin, has suffered severely-only a small portion of the wheat and barley will be dt for threshing. Some of those grains, which are grown on high ground, show indications of a berry forming. ln some small districts in this area thefrost seems to have been lighter, and as a consequence some of these grains may be threshcd. From present appearances of the out crop, it would appear that the heads, generally speaking, are filling. It is too soon yet to pass Judgment as to what per- centage of the ont crop in the above mentioned area, will bc damaged by frost. The district from Ponoka through to Red Deer escaped frost pretty largely. South of Dldsbury practically no dumn;~,c was done.

Tobacco ln Essex.

As u. result of the drought, and

the most extreme cutworm injury for many seasons, tobacco fields along the Lake Erie 'shore of Essex county show a great deal of varia- tion. Thc majority of the ilelds show t‘rom 10 to 20 per cent. of resetting. Those resets are looking very well and making rapid progress, but they must be topped low if they are to be matured, unless we. have an ex- ceptionally late fall. ` _ '

_"l‘hc barley crop is 'not as good _as

last year. _ The acreage is larger, and the crop has a few _weeks .yetfin which much improvement could be

made, with, sn immediate _to favorable weather 'rbsilu rtfrvgdit

is neelsd Ill @- trict.--H. A..li‘nemm. -h-

_ .Ju . . 1

u‘,B_oNl() i"v_1f.ii.i

TORONTO Sept' 3.-The Board

_ ~ - li

generations of high-producing ences- ol Trade qaouttou mr suurdny

were as follows: _ ` memes- when un sem. rm'-william, `Not Including Tax).

No.1 lwftlm-n.< ,$4 , `

No. 2 northern. ,M ~. No. 3 northern A155.

Ne, 4 wheat, ting,

Manitoba Oats in Store, Felt Vllllsl).

No. I C_W_, Aldo, ~ N0. Ii C.W.. Bic. _

Extra No. 1 feed. 83Ke.

No. l feed, 82\¢c.

N£"§‘?fJ.§‘..f"i{l‘..5.l,l2§f"...,,.,T°'f.'li‘f"

N0. 4 VBUOW. kllmdxied, nominal.

Ontario one (Ascending to Fnignu ogg. s s ,

No_ 2 white. new crop, 'llc to 'llc. N°~ 3 Whlla, how crop- 'ilic to 77c.

Ontario Wheat (Basis ln-Stars, Montreal)

No. 2 winter, per car lot. $I_31_ No, Li winter, par car lot, 82,27. _ N0. 2 rvrlns. $2.26, ' No, 3 spring, $2.22, 1 Peas (According to Frsidhts Outside),

Brio, 2,(xom_lnn_l_ ' ar ey ecard n t Frsi ht aids Malling, new ci'-lop,°$l.04 eo ,- Buckwheat (According to Fnlgltts og-r

slds .

Buckwheat--Nomlna.)l. Rye (According to Frelshts Otnoids), .

--N0. 2,Mn°r_r;lr_\)sl._:.. ....... ...J an o a tour Toronto . New crop. $11.35, ( ,_ _ Ontario Fleur (Prompt Ohlpmsnt). War duality. $10.85. in begs. Montreal;

510,85, in bags. Toronto Mmueu (car Lou, Delivered, Mamma; Freights, Baqa Included),

Bran-Per ton, $36.40, Shorts-Per ton, $41.40. _ _

HIV (Track, Toronto).

No. 1, per ton, $19 to $20_ 1' Mixed, per ton, $17 to $13_ .

Straw (Track, Toronto). '

Car lots, per ton, $9 to $9.60.

Farmers' Market.

Fall wheat-No, 2, $2.18 psr bushel, Spring wheat--No. Z, $213 por bushel, Goose wheat-No. 3, $2.09 psr bnsbsL

bBf\r:ey--Mattias. $1.08 to $1.10 per

3 .

u ie Oats-Old, 92:: to 93° psr bulhsl; mw,

871: to 88:: per bushel.

Buckwheat--Nominal,

Rye-According to sample, $1.70. l-lay--Timothy. $22 to $25 par gan; mg

ed and clover, $19 to $22 yer ton.

Flax-No. 1 N.W.C._ $.95,

WINNIPEG GRAIN MARKET. Wlmuvss. sept. 21.-There was no change in the cash markets today and- offerings were extremely light.

Oats closed lids higher for October and

unchanged for scember. _Barley closed 255:: higher for October. l~laic closed unchanged 'for October, I

igwer _gor November and Mio lower for

cem .

c er Winnipeg market: Oats - Octobef

opened S4l/gc, closed 84550; December

opened Elhc closed Sllgc.

l~‘l;ix-October opens 33,35, ala"-;

$135; November opened $3.77. closer. $5.75: December opened $72, closed 3.10.

Iiarley-October opened $1.15, c fi

J

$1. lg. Ngudhcgwfs:s1<ga;;trr:°n§.qi`vYe¥d?7gl:l No. 1 feed. 82141:; No. 2 feed, 79°.

CHICAGO GRAIN MAWFI.

J. P. Bickeu dr Co. report the follow-~

ing prices on the Chiugo Board of 'rrsde

orn-

Oct. . _ _ . Nov. .

150 148 ll(

150

147% 145% 145

Oats- 32?" ii?/2 iid ill; lit Nev_ 14% mi 14 1446

Pork-

Sept. Oct. Nov.

\v _ 1 a' _Prev.

small lit-rii`to own u share in a good, C 09"- mf-YL 10"- CU”-¢|°l~

_ _ 1

n mil Q 12%

'.233 *X

°4'1‘.`z`s

. . ... 840.55 41'00 41.00 . . . . .A4l.20

i".°. '-291-

`4`i'.`o`o i' . . . _ . 4

Lard-

Sept. _ .. 26.67 28.85 26.61 26.80 26.7|`- Oci. . 26.32 26.40 26.30 28.30 28.4% No\'. _ 25.82 25.85 25.72 25.72 lS.l-1:

23.27 23.20

23.37

niss- seiu. 23.20 zs.2'i,23.;.i_. oct. :mo zs.:1 13.31 Nov, 23.12 za 5 23.12 amz

oarrLE__s_g_.mxn'1‘s

UNION STOCK YARDS.

TORONTO Sept. 23.-Receipts ei'

live stock of all ltintla at the Union Stock Yards for to-de.y’s market con- sist of 278 cars - 5939 cattle, 28?; calves, 2500 sheep and 982_hogs.

aasfr sumraxio nrvn Moon.

East Buffalo. Sept. 21.-Cattle-Bs

ceipts, 900. Slow.

$2§alves-Receipts. H5. lawsr; I7 to

I-logs-Receipts, 3200. _ Slow as lower:

heavy, mixed and yorkers, 0.15 tr

$20.25; light ycrkers $19.15 to $30: p - sums; magna, $11.25' to 311.50; nts|s.lfi'.'.-

to $14.50.

Sheep and lambs-Receipts. 1400. Ac- tive; lambs, $10 to $19; others unchsngodc

CHICAGO LIVE STOCK.

Chicago, Sept. 21.-(U. 8. Bureau d

Markets.)-Hogs-Receipts 6000: ms.rkst: 10 to 15 cents lower than 'yeltordsft average. Butchers, $19.85 to $20.40; iight. $20 to $20.40; packing, 315.90 to $18.65; rough, $18 to $18.75; pigs. good to olaolbl.

$18.50 to $19.

Cattle-Receipts 4000. compared with s week ago, top native steers 85° Light..

medium to choice uneggnly 501: to 81. lower. cheaper grades 1 to lic lower: bulk western 25c lower; eowa and helfsrl mostly zsc tc 40° lower; canners and- bulls isc to 25:: lower: calves Zbclgmi best feeders, strong; common I

l0c to l5c lower.

Sheep--Receipts 9000; compared lv#

week ago, fat lambs mostly 50° hi ,. feeders strong: fat feeding sheep steady, to 25c higher.

23.... 23.1;

Orown Vacant for Flvs Ysars. AMSTERDAM. Sept. B8.-Prines

Frederick Charles of Bene, s 'bro- ther~in-lsw of Emggiilor has. been urged "by h 4iu`arters," as-_

cording to the ‘8oclsl#t\__newsps.psr. vsikstimme of _Ilfrsh __t.__to leave- the question of the I‘iu$li tb:-one in.- suspense and to agree only to accept' the oiilce of admi_ni_strs;t_g_r° of___ths kingdom for tive years. e prince, the newspaper ssys, has not yet se- cepted the proposal. _

The Finnish Ls.h'dts'g_ has been.

summoned to meet Sept. 26 to else! a king.

___..___¢......_--_ ,

Boston 'rrawlr Bunk by U-best.

An Atlantic Port, . 3.-f _ 0;

American steelsni was torpedo sn s IIIIQYK me Nei-ts menus eeutiinosyslnt Captain Bild! slid ll