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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3. 1889.
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D DAY OF WEEK M! d v= irisesisets ; rises water len bh
i mh moc veces New Kid Gloves and American Straw Hats Just Opened,
l Monday
2) Tuesday 2, 25) 6 54/morn 43
3 Wednesday 40; 26,7190 6 46
4 Thursday 38) 27|.7 ss] Q 38; 49 ————|\]
5| Friday 37; 29} 8 21) 1 14 52
§ Saterday 2o| 30:9 5& 1 53 56 \ . . r
Sie | 3s, oa 2as 59 Our Stock of Room Paper Takes the Lead. 8| Monday | 31 33/10 38) 3 34113 2
9| 'nesday | 2 Sill 35) 4 44) 5
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11/ Thursday | 25) 37| 1 45) 7 16 12 7
i2| Friday 23| 33| 256] 8 14) 15
13) Saturday 22} 40; 4 7/9 1 84 : i —_——_{x]}—_—_-
14|Sunday 20} 41) 5 22} 9 43) 2} Py ce eé & KT as t) 4% ras BA ES Tv 68 15} Monday 1s 2} 6 32)10 22 24) £9 — a: £ NR Oey 16| Tuesday | 16] 43] 7 55)10 59) 27 i 9 _— MY a BRL oe 17|Wednesday | 15) 45) 9 21/1! 40} 30' Charlottetown. March 12, 1889—dy & wky
18) Thursday | 13) 46/10 20jaft 28%); 33 ae amcor ommne
19| Friday 11} 47)11 41) 0 53) 36) : oo 20/5 iturday 9) 48imorn} | 58} 39
2l Sunday 3; 30) 0 43} 2 56| 42
22) Monday 6} 52) 136/411] 46
23| Tuesday 4) 53) 214/537) 49
24/ Wednesday 2} 54) 2 53) 6 56} = 52
25) Thursday 0} 55) 3 23) 7 59 a)
26) Friday 458) 56) 3 49) 8 46 58
27| Saturday 57| 58| 4 11] 9 25)14 1] 28/ Sunday 56/7 0 43410 1) 4! 29' Monday 54; 1) 4 57/10 34 6 755 30' Tuesday 4 62/7 3) 5 21/11 7” 9 a oa
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Mose@rave, Halifax, Oot. 24, 1887-—
THE DAILY EXAMIN
ER.
the Budget.
THere can be no doubt that Hon. Messrs. Sullivan, Ferguson and Prowse made a convineing exhibit of the financial | state of the Province, in the course of the speeches they delivered last evening ; and it my be assumed that Hon. Mr. Yeo and Messrs. Farquharsun and Sutherland said, as well as they coud, everything, material to the issue, that could be said from the point of view of the Opposition.
The comparison instituted by Mr.
Sullivan between that which is and that which might have been— had the Opposition remained in
power and continued ia their mad career of extravagance and taxation—is particularly / worthy of note. Mr. Sullivan showed con- elusively that the Government have, in the past nine years, effected reductions in the public expenditure to the total amourt of $810,254.88. This sum has been saved to: the Province as 4 result of the economical ladministration of affairs by Mr. Sullivan and his colleagues; while refunds and other sums obtained from the Dominion— sums which the Opposition scouted the idea of obtaining, sums which would never * have been obtained but for the -patriotic efforts of the Government, and may therefore fairly be
‘calling their preparations superphosphates,
Provincial claims ; and reminded the House that the policy on which the Government wert to the country in 1887 had been carried out. The Government had vbtain- ed a large addition to the- Provincial sub- sidy—a sum wqual to $400,000 or $500,000; and they had only taken a portion of the amount to wipe out their indebtedness to the banks. He thought the people would not complain about repeated operations of the same kind.
To Mr. Sutherland, who contended that the capital of the Province at Ottawa had been lessened, Hon. Mr. Prowse replied, showing that the Province drew $193,529.- 77 from Ottawa last year, and $155,955.85 in 1879 ; and argued thatas the sum an- nually drawn is greater, the capital on ac- count of which it is drawn cannot be less.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR,
Sir, —Much confasidh of ideas..exist in consequence of the improper use of the term superphosphate. Properly speaking that term should only be applied to bone or mineral phosphate of lime rendered soluble by sulphuric acid. The result of this process is sulphate of lime and soluble phosphoric acid with a considerable per- centage of ammonia in the product when obtained from bones. With us, manufac- turers of compounded manures persist in
although they may contain soluble phos-
the other party had held the reins during
Mr. Suliivan’s reference to the debt account was equally happy. He showed that we have now, practically, for the pur- poses of revenue, a capital sum at Ottawz. equal to $1,527,549.40, or—-after deducting the sum withdrawn for the purpose’ of wiping out the balance against the Province at the end of last. year—$600,000 more than in the year 1878, Compared with Nova Scotia and New Bsunswick, the state of our debt account at Ottawa is highly satisfac- tory ;—and the Province does not now, the Premier said, owe a dollar in the world.
Mr. Sullivan did not, of course, forget to remind the House that while the Govern- ment of the Proyéeee was in this position as toits finances, the moneys they have
been used in the purchase of the freehold of their farms, or the improvement of their homesteads, or have been invested in the
credited to them—swell the amount to) practice is misleading and should be im- $1,136,816.63. That is to say, the Pro- | vince is better off to the tune of over a,
million dollars “than it would have been if |
the past nine years. | superphosphate is sold with a guaranteed
saved, the taxes they have not levied, re- , Canadian farmers to procureall these ma- main in the pocketsof the people, or have
phoric acid in very small proportions. This
ynediately abandoned. In England the term phosphate isZused as an abreviation to distinguish the manure containing soluble phosphoric acid from a nitregenous substance such as nitrate of soda. Mineral
analysis, the best quality containing 35 per cent of soluble phosphate or 16 per cent of soluble phosphoric acid.
Sulphate of ammonia contains 24} per cent of ammonia, and is also known as am- monia salts,
Potasium is the metal of potash, as calcium is the metal of lime. The combin- ing proportions of potassism oxide, with sulphuric acid is expressed by the formula Ky SO,4, which gives nearly 82 per cent. of potash. In commerce, potash salts or sulphate of potash vary in quality. Kainit or German potash salts only contain 23 per cent. of potash, while high grade sulphate of potash is sometimes guaranteed to cun- tain 90 per cent. In the latter case the sulphuric acid in the combination must have been insufficient to neutralize the alkali. Kainit is largely used in Euro- pean agriculture, but owing to the inci- dence of freights it is more economical for
terials in the most concentrated forms.
The farmers of Prince Edward Island | need not be told that musselmud is of great value when applied to ourland. Its benefits have been demonstrated on a variety of
Savings Bank. He showed that $1,789,- 355 were added to the sum on deposit at; our Savings Bank during the period ia’ which the Liberal-Conservative party have’ been in power. ‘To those who maintain that the Province is not in a flourishing state, he presented the fact that there are now in our Savings Bank $20 for every: man, woman and child—-an increase of $17 per head in ten years !
He justified the withdrawal of a sum from : Ottawa to cover the amount of the local in-! debtedness on two grounds: (1) The Gov- ernment have, by their exertions, and in spite of the Opposition, ! succeeded in obtaining from the Dominion Parliament an annual grant of $20,000, equal to a capital sum of $500,000, part of which might well be used in wiping out their local indebteiness ; (2) the sum with- drawn is represented by public works paid for out of the Provincial revenues; these public works are of utility to future gener- ations as well as to the present population, and the withdrawal of capital on account of them is, therefore, just and right.
As to the current year, the Premier esti- mates that the receipts will be: from local sources $62,020, and from the Dominion $200,000. These sums will, in his opinion, meet the expenditures.
The Leader of the Opposition did not! attempt to controvert Mr. Sullivan’s figures | as to the saving effected by the Govern- | ment or the addition that has been made to the capital of the Province at Ottawa, or the prosperity which prevails. Nor did he —as Mr. Ferguson pointed out in the course of a vigorous aud eloquent speech— dare to charge the Government with ex- travagance or mal-adiministration. But he, dwelt upon the fact that in spite of all the efforts of the Government, deticit has suc- ceeded deficit, and maintained that the esti- mates could not possibly be realized in re- spect either to revenue or expenditure. He criticised the policy of drawing upon capi- tal and the means employed by the Gov- ernment to obtain the money by which their accounts with the banks has been squared.
Hon. Mr. Ferguson endorsed the state ment of the Premier thatthe Government had good reason to hope that additional amounts would be obtained from the Do- minion as @ result of the advocacy of the
|
|
‘go meagrely supplied can remain very long
soils and crops, and under many differing circumstances. It would, however, be quite misleading to claim that it is a com- plete fertilizer or to advise a repetition of its use on the same land.
The only analyses otf musselmud which I lave seen are those made by Mr. Taylor, to which | referred in my last letter. It is evident from a perusal of this gentle- man’s pamphlet that he conducted his en- quiry with great care, and that he was fully competent for the task he undertook to perform. He selected for his purpose) three samples which, from his description of them, may be regarded as fairly repre- sentative of the different shell deposits to be found in our bays and rivers.
The average per centage uf phosphate of lime found in these samples was 0.05, or one-twentieth of one per cent. Hence in twenty horse loads, or twelve and one-half tons of musselmud per acre, the land re- ceives less than 6 lbs. of phosphoric acid, some ‘of which may be insoluble. That some part of the benefits arising from the use of musselmud is due to the presence in the mud of even this small portion of phos- phate, I cannot doubt; but it would be quite erroneous to suppose that phosphate
in the land, especially as the presence of su much lime enables the plant to make very strong demands on all other materials of plant food.
One English ton of superphosphate con- tains about 358 Ibs. of soluble phospheric acid. This costs, all charges paid, say $50 per ton. Divided over 8 acres it will, at a cost uf about $3.75, give 44} Ibs. of soluble phosphoric acid per. acre, or as much of that article of plant food per acre as is con- tained in 150 loads of musselmud. One ton of superphosphate is equal in phosphoric acid to 800 tons of musselmud. This com- parison is based on the assumptions that Mr. Taylor’s analyses are correct, and that superphosphate of right quality is used.
I do not think I would be doing your correspondent ** A Farmer” justice were | to assume that he is nota believer in the use of phosphates for the tertilization of the land. Although he is unknown to me, yet, judging from his writings, I think him too intelligent 4 man to dispute the univer- sal importance of phosphate manuring. That material is found in the virgin soil in very limited proportions, but no vegetation can take place without it. 1t is the part of the food of which the smallest quantities are returned to the svil through the man- ure-pile; the bulk of the phosphorus being carried away in bone, milk, etc., even when the crop is consumed at home. In the case of phosphates the land cannot recover a single particle of its lost fertility through the rainfall as it can in respect of ammonia. The point of doubt with “‘ A Farmer” ap- pears to be whether mussel-mudded lands
of good superphosphate on his rmussel- mudded lands will not give him opinions as pronounced as mine on the advantages of phosphate applications to such lands.
It must not be inferred that because one of the effects of mussel-mud is to make the soil a better recipient of phosphates, that the converse holds good, viz., that phos- phates cannot be advantagevusly applied to unlimed or unmudded lands. It is ad- mitted tha’ ost of our lands contain pot- ash in fair proportions. Soda is also abun- dant, and although it does not very largely enter into plants as a food, it is, like potash, a powerful alk These alkalies answer the same purpose as lime in neutralizing acids in superphosphates. The soils of Wales, to which Dr. Wall’s report refers, are deficient in both lime and the alkaline salts, but I think we have very lit:le land in Prince Edward tsland to answer that description.
The strength of the chain of fertility, like that of every other chain, is equal to the strength of its weakest link. As far as our present knowledge extends, lime and phosphates are the links which require the closest attention in P. E. Island lands. Where musselmud is obtainable the ques- tion is settled, as far as lime is concerned, but the phosphatic link requires constant strengthening.
The advancec Cecomposition of manure is carried on with less loss and better chemical results in a good loam or clay soil than by violent fermentation in a heap or house. Under these circumstances fermen- tation may be beneficially retarded by hav- ing the manure trodden by stock. If potash salts are distributed amongst it, the potash they contain willstand ready to unite with the nitricacid formed by the decomposition of the manure, whether that decomposition takes place in the heap or, subsequently in the the ground. The sulphuric acid in the salts will fix any volatile ammonia with which it comes in contact. For application to light and sandy soils the manure should be more thoroughly decomposed, but no causti¢ lime should be brought into immediate contact with it, such contact being more likely to form carbonate of ammonia, which is volatile, than to assist in the formation of any nitrate. If free potash is present where nitric acid is being formed, nitrate of potash is produced. The formation of nitrate of potash is the cbject most desired, as it is a higher fertilizer than any other nitrate, and it is not, in this case, the variety of the nitrates, but the quantity and form of the nitrogen which determines the value of the plant food.
I am yours, etc., D. Frrevson.
Ch’town, April 2, 1889.
Souris Notes.
Alexander Chaisson, Postmaster of Rollo Bay, died at that place on Monday last. He had been sick some time of pucumonia, which eventually caused his death. °
We regret to learn that Dougall Camp- beil, of North Lake, is seriously ill.
Joseph Douglas and A. McInnis, of Bay Fortune, ploughed several furrows each in a piece of hay land on Saturday last, March 39.
_Earal and. Other Tema.
Drownine AcoipeNnt.—-The Lunenburg, N. S., Progress reports the death by drowning recently of John Selig and his 13-year old nephew while setting lobster traps in the vicinity of the Black bs.
onde:
If your cough keeps you awake and restless by night, take Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral and obtain immediate relief. This remedy allays inflammation, heals the pulmonary organs, in- duces sleep and restores health. The sooner you begin the better.
Istanp Horses.—Messrs. Essory & Me- Kenzie shipped this morning by the steamer Princess of Wales, 20 horses for the American market. This lot is composed of the finest draft and driving horses, and is one oi the best shipments ever made from the Island.
orbibiiuns
‘* When the spring-time comes,” we usually find ourselves drowsy and exhausted, owing to the impure and sluggish state of the blood. To remedy this trouble, take Ayer’s Sarsa- parilla, the most powerful, yet safe and econ- omical, blood purifier in existence.
——_»
A Goop Puice Rervsep.—A Fredericton horseman who visited Todd’s stock farm at Milltown, N. B., the other day gives it as a fact that Mr. Todd was recently offered $80,- 000 for his eight Emeline mares by a Kentucky man, bnt refused to part with the stock at that price. :
Sickness in TaE Country.—There is re- ported to be an unusual amount of sickness at the present time in various sections of the country. Pneumonia is the prevailing disease, and some of the cases are proving fatal. The young, as well us the old, are attacked by the disease. ccakaiilliatiees Her Frest Rartway Journey. —A Quebec paper says:—A few days ago a young girl named Cauchon took the train from Ste. Scholastique. This was her first experience in car travelling, and when the brakeman called out the station, believing that it was time for her to get down she jumped off the train before it stopped, and sustained very severe injuries. heii Istanp Fors. —Oae of the most extensive fur dealers on P. E. Island is C. C. Carlton, of Souris. Within the last month or two he has done a large business in that line, and has on hand at the present time one hundred mink skins, eleven otter skins, one bear skin, eighty-six fox skins and hundreds of musk rat skins, all captured last winter by trappers and hunters in the eastern part of the Island. —_—_~.—_———- For Picrorv.—The steamer Princess of Wales, Captain A. Cameron, left here for Pictou at five o'clock this morning, with thirty-five passengers and the following freight :—16 horses, 50 bris. pork, 20 cases eggs, 30 bags potatoes, 54 bags oats, 63 bdls. hides, and sundry other articles. She is ex- ted to return this evening. The Stanley, Captain Finlayson, left here
do not now contain phosphates in sufficient quantities. | I am greatly mistaken if a trial
at six this morning, with freight and passen.- gers. She is due on return this afternoon,