I He Guardian

"CIvIrI Irluu Divan IIIIII IJII III Dow"

Pnhlilhed every week dly llnlllj ll I30 Pdlcc SINCE. C rlotuuawn. P. F. I.. by e Thomson Company Ltd. 44 King St. Wu Ilonlreul Office. 225 University Two: Bldg. Editor. Funk Willa! General Idananenlsn A. Burnett lumber Canadian Daily Newspaper ' Publishers Association Member of The Canadian Press Mcmber Audil Bureau of Clrculauons lunch IIHICCII It summcrslue. Muntsxus Ind Alberlnn Authorized I) Second Class Mlll by the Pout Offiuo Department. Ottawa. I.v CIl'l1!f Charlollelown. summernnlr 815.011 pm In- Ium. Elsewhere In P.E.I. 19.00. Other Provinces Ind U R. 312.00 per Innum.

"The strongest memory II weaker tbs: the weakest ink."

5m MO EBT,W: 19.55 Sketch Oi Causeway

Attention is callcd to the sketch of Northumberiand Strait and pro- Posed causeway. prepared by the mzineer who designed the Canso 9-ausewayyg which w a s tabled in the Legislature on Friday by Prem- ier Matheson in the course of his Speech on the Draft Address, and which we reproduce in todayis is- sue 0" Page eleven. Members of the House have been requested to study this sketch carefully. and we be. lieve it. will he of great. interest to all our readers.

As the Premier emphasized, a complete survey of all the problems bearing upon the project will be re- quired before any action can be ex- pected in the way of construction. The Federal Department of Public Works has already been asked to make this meantime. the information given by the Premier will enable members of the Legislature to discuss this issue when it comes before them in reso- lution form, with some knowledge of what they are talking about

Grer'. Prospects

The only comfort that the pro.

a,Western Premier of Greece, Con- stantine Karamanlis, can t.ake from the recent election is that he won it--by an extremely small and un- impressive majority. He has little assurance that he will be able to form a stable government, and none at all that he will be able to per- suade the new parliament to hon- our the counl.ry's commitments to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiz- ation and stay on cooperative terms with the Western powers. In fact. his victory rests on very flimsy props. While he has I majority in parliament. his popular support is considerably less than that given to his 7-party opponents. This means. of course, that he will have to go slowly in integrating Greece with the Western bloc if he hopes to stay In office. It means. too, that the Cprmnunist Party in Greece, as in France, will be in I position of great influence; so much so that the suc- cess or failure of the new govern- ment will depend pretty much on what the Communist members of parliament do or fall to do in sup- port of specific government mess- urea.

This is the second European elec- tion in a month which has resulted in definite gains for the Commun- ists. In France, they can be expect- ed to make common cause. for the purpose of embarrassing the gov- ernment. with the Pouiadists, who. if they can be classified It Ill. are on the other end of the totalitarian conspiracy. In Greece they are al- lied for the same purpose with other groups whose main objective is the isolation of the country from West- ern influence. This. apparently. is in line with the recent dictum from the Kremlin to the .effect that any course that works against the West is beneficial to Moscow. even though it might mean I temporary alllancl with fascism, once regarded as Com- munism's worst foe.

Attack On inflation

One fairly plausible inference to be seen in the British Government's decision toadd Ifurther measure J Imurity to the economic life of the nstion. in In Ill-out attempt to keep the inflationary trend from getting out of hand, is that Prime Minister Dden feels his government is reasonably secure and in I posi- tion to wud off opposition luck of confidence vain for some time to

"some. Lacking thst Insurance, he i may would not have caused the g of breed Ind milk to go up, for Iioothsr Iction by my government -in Britain or anywhere else- wouhl in II likely to mate uivnm ynmeqgnion. in itself it is I Iourcn , tpolldeu unrest; nudity

I A aitlnlm of the Invas- - 7 ,, , .. ill! 0'

investigation. In the,

it can survive them. however irritat- ing they may turn out to be.

It could be said, of course. and it must be said, that the new austerity measures indicate a boldness on the part of the government that even its most bitter critics must perforce admire. however much they may deplore the direction it has taken. The fact of the matter is that Brit- ain's financial position is far from satisfactory-so far. indeed. that nothing but the boldest. and prob- ably most unpopular. corrective mcthods are capable of making any impiovcment in it. In January. for in.-lance. imports rose to 35970 mil- lion. or about 5208 million more than ihc monthls exports. This rep- rcscnis a deficit of approximately 956 million higher than the monthly average last year. To I country that depends on its export trade to such an extent as Britain does. these fig- ures lnivc ll most disquieting signi- flcance.

Supercilious Diagnosis

We urc it strange people in these Atlantic in-mvim-cs, in the opinion of Miriam (lhapin, an American jour- nalist who has published a book about us under the title "Atlantic Canada," recently published by the Ryerson Press. Toronto. ”We hope you like it,” says the publisher's note in the review copy received. Well, we dont exactly, though there is much in Miss Chapinls caustic comments which may betrue, or partly true. She finds us in an all- ing condition. and brusquely pre- scribes remedies to remove our "re- sentful inferiority" and put us on the way to self-sufficiency. What IS lacking is any real sympathy with our case, or understanding of what she is writing about.

We Prince Edward islanders are-. in the author's opinion. "something of a political absurdity.” Because we are so small in population, "not much bigger than some Montreal rid-ings," she cannot understand why we should be a province at all. Our insistence on bearing the burden of a provincial government "is. to the casual eye. supcrerogatory and sin- fully wasteful." She finds life here pretty dull: "the Islands feud with the Railway is one of the few sour- ces of excitement.” We have come through the years "pretty much an appendage of Ottawa, dependent on Federal handouts." Even to our tourist attractions the lady is some- what aiergic: "An Eden of the North Atlantic, you say, Jerusalem the Golden, with milk and honey blest. Yet who wants to live in Eden?” And so on.

Perhaps we have quoted more than enough for our rea.ders' taste. There are some kind as well as cut- ting comments in the book, but it would take a volume equally large to answer the superficial criticisms. It is hardly worth separating the wheat. from the chaff, where there is so much of the latter commodity on every page.

Y. M. C. A. Campaign

An objective of 517,500 has been set by the Charlottetown Y.M.C.A. in its fund raising campaign for youth training this year. It costs approximately 370 per member to keep up the facilities which are pro- vided, and there is urgent need for more trained leadership. Six clubs affiliated with the "Y" are at pre- sent in operation, and an increasing- ly wide field is being covered in community activities. including two periods per week in juvenile, junior and intermediate classes and Chris- tian youth gatherings on Sunday evening. In its century of operation the organization has been of great service to the city Ind Province. and it is expanding continually to keep abreast with present day re- quirements.

EDITORIAL NOTES

From now on, most Europeans are not going to agree with the pro- position that the Atlantic climate is warming up. From Scandinavia to Greece this has been the worst win- ter in 200 years. So say the weather experts.

O O 0

A United States Senate Commit- tee is considering I bill to prohibit interstate liquor advertising. The deliberations are I result of wide- spresd complaints that liquor manu- facturers are trying to glunorlze drinking to children who watch tel- -Illl been denied by whocull the

us.

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HISTORY TO REPEAT ITSELF Scrolls Stir Controversy

Jdln Ilillaby in the Now Y(4'k Time!

PUBLIC FORUM

iill column II open is lbs discus

don by correspondents of qimuuu H Interest. The Guardian duel III Eonlllrlly endorse till Ipillnl II correspondents.

SCHOOL UNIT NO. I Sir.--Thr Saturday issue of The Guardian carried an mPnt rerzardmrz construction of two new schools in School Unit No.

The announcement stated that the resolution to construct these two new schools was passed on Friday night. Feb. 24th. This is not correct.

Here are some of the facts con- cerning this matter.

The board of trustees of School Unit No. I met in its cntircly on Jan. 11th.. 1956 and after I pro- longed argument I resolution was passed to build two new schools. Four of the elected trustees sup- ported the resolution while the re- maining four elected trustee! for various reasons did not support this motion.

The .Gnvernmr.-nt appointed chairman cast his ballot in favour of the building program.

The writer realizes that extra classroom accommodation will be required in Sept. i956.

The writer opposes any new con- struction projects until it is known whether or not the wishes of the people as expressed in the Plebls- icite held in the spring of 1955 are fulfilled. or until the recommendat- ions of the Darby Commission

with regard to additional trustees g 9 sled I search that led to the dis-

Ind financial assistance are com- plied with.

The writer also feels that the rstepayer engaged in agriculture is paying more than his just share of the educational costs. due to the fact that in addition to the taxes levied on his house and farm build- ings he must also pay a tax on his land. in effort a tax on his job as opposed to other ratepayers faxed only on house. lot and buildings and definitely not on his job.

When this tax lncqunlity is cor- rected it may be possible to obtain some degree of harmony within this fiasco culled School Unit No. 1

I am, Sir. elc.. A H. MACRAE

Wfnriloe and East Royalty .:....D ..-...........

OUR YESTERDAYS From The Guardian Files

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (February 27. 1931)

After the hardest fight against snow since I923. communications have Igsin been Esllhlllhed over the Island Division of the C. N. R. All rail traffic was halted for three days. At twelve o'rlock last night the lines were opened between Charlottetown. Summersldu and Borden and the first train from the mslnland since four days ago ar- rived in the city It two o'clock this morning.

Competition of Danish bacon has been abruptly terminated by Order in Council. An embargo has been placed on pork products entering Cunnda from countries where font and mouth disease has occurred in ill; at twelve. months. Since Den- mar is never entirely free of the disease. the order amount: to I permanent bar.

TEN YEARS AGO (February 2'1, 17046) An increase of 8552.014 in liabili- eount of 8348.487 Ire shown In the

Public Accounts of the Province for the year ending March Ill. 1045.

debt of 88.0a9.02'I It March ill last. an increllu of IlO4.696 since March 31. 1944.

That useful marine pllnl. eel grass. is m " I comeback on

Ihowin signs of recovery from the

Ilerfous disease which virtually M it out some years Igo. In I .1. there is nersl improve- DGCIIlhecoWi:IndlhQ(l'Iu to be of I Isrdisr variety farmer nun.

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Innounce- ,

A religious controversy is al- ready smoldering over various in- terpretations piaced on I vast lib- rary of ancient documents known collectively as the Dead Sea Scrolls.

U n l e s s scholars. particularly those in Britain ami France avoid- age-old doctrinal disputes in their interim announc.-...u.:s a b 0 u t them. the controversy will catch fore before the documents are ful- iy dcciphered.

The scrolls are texts of the Old Testament and other religious works written on sheep and goat- skins during the first or second centuries B.C. This means that scholars are now in possession of bibical documents probably I thou- sand years nlder than the earliest important manuscript previously

known. DISCOVERED IIY BOY

The first of them were discover- ed in I947 by I Bedouin shepherd boy in I cliff cave at. Qumran on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Not suspecting that he had stumb- led across the text of Isaiah. but thinking the linen-wrapped bundle might be valuable, the boy sold it through intermediaries to the man in whom scholars will be forever in debt: the Syrian Metropolitan Samuel at the monastery of Saint Mark in Old Jerusalem.

Despite Jewish-Arab rioting around him. the Metropolitan. puz- zled but ever curious, managed eventually to interest scholars in the lone text and thereby precipit-

covery of I fabulous collection of documents.

In adjacent cliff caves were found hundreds of others scrolls. some perfect. some reduced by the weather to tens of thousands of fragments. Some had to be pur- chasrd It an agreed price of one pound Sterling per square centi- mclcr. Many had been pillaged and sold. occasionally piece by piecr-, to dealers who scrambled for thc scrolls when the news got around that they were valuable. CONTROVERSY STARTED

Controversy began when repro- ductions of the scrolls were sold in universities. and palcographers all over the world began both to decipher and interpret at least part of practically every book of the Old Tes' ' and I number of other religious writings. As one bib- lical scholar here expressed it "Never before have we had such I wealth of documentatlon.'

It soon became clear that pre- sent-day versions of the Bible.

I Senator Powers Speech (The Letter Review)

THE MAIDEN SPEECH in Red Chamber of Senator Charles Gav- an Power is of high order which Canadians have come to expect of one who ranks Imong the grcut statesmen and parliamentarians of the day. His philosophy of politics, which he was careful to address to those who In still engnged in hurly-burly nf party life. is refresh- ing. timely and instructive.

Senslor Power shares with many of his fellow-citizens genuine con- cern about growing power of the executive.

Ample Ind disquieting evidence of expediency taking the place of principle in the Iffah-I of PIrllI- ment is IvIiiIble to mske mean- ingful Senator Power's assertion that ''I cannot bring myself in be- lietQ in Ind support I tenet which practice and usage may elevate into I doctrine-that of the infall- lbility of the cabinet."

Contrsst. senator Powers wis- dom. whlch marks him. In Winst-

based on Hebrew manuscripts go- ing back no earlier than the tenth

"century AD. represented only one

of I number current in Palestine during the life of Jesus.

However. it is doubtful wheth- er much controversy would have Irlsen over the discovery of the remains of the Bible manusc ipts alone. Most scholars agree that the texts on the scrolls show relatively little variation from modern trans- lations.

POINT IN DISPUTE

.The dispute centres around the significance of the "other relig- ious writings." not found in the Bible. They appeared to be the history. the hopes and the rules of conduct of a strict Jewish sect. with some rituals in with Christianity. Who wrote them? Where? Why? What is their relat- ionship to the early Christian Church? Over these questions most scholars disagree.

Disagreement was aggravated when archaeologists unearthed the ruins of I monastery less than I mile from the caves It Qumran where the first scrolls were found. At first it was thought to be mer- ely the remains of I Roman fort. Digging disclosed massive comm- unal kilchcns, dining halls. wash houses and I scriptorium occupied. it is thought. between the first cen- tury before Jesus Ind Ibout the year 68 AD.

It is assumed but by no means proved that I Jewish sect inhabit- ed the monastery. copied out the scrolls for their own library Ind then hid them in caves near by when their existence was threaten- ed. And it is also Issumed that they were I strict, pious Ind pos- sibly ceiibate order called thy some 5CIIOIII'n) Essenes or. by others. the Sons of Zadok. QUESTION RAISED

It has been suggested here that there was I common religious background for both the early Christian Church and the Qumran sect in the Jewish group called the Essenes or Sons of Zndok. But Ippsrently nobody has yet been Ible to ”' L the fact I " " 'v that the Qumran monastery was In Essene community. Or. Is I scholar has said, "that Jesus could have come into contact with Qum- ran doctrlnes and even documents" more than half I century Ifter the death of the Qumran "tesclier of righteousness.'

0pponent'I of this Icholuris interpretations allege that his pro- cise sources have not yet been dis- closed and say that his Issumpt- ions have been carried too far. They claim that certain bIslc rit- uals underlie most religions and that the Qumran Christian paral- leis. even if substantiated. "arise merely out of the state of Jewish unrcxl common to both religions It the dawn of the Chrlstien cm."

A Roman Catholic commentator on the scriptures Inserted bluntly that the "so-culled Ii-Illels have been proclaimed thout general scholastic Ipprovsl" Ind Ire "It- helstlc in spirit." Time Ilone will show what the documents "prove" if anything. he said.

This view wIs underlined hi I distinguished orientulist It the ri- Hsh Museum this week who uid he had confidence only in the "col- lective wisdom" of scholars.

Medically Speaking

IVIII-mIIN.lIIIdoIeI.lll.D.

PACIFIIIS OFTEN HELP PREVENT THUMB-SUCKING More Ind more doctors are con- of pacifier: for

For yous. many medicnl men have advised against their use on the ground: they may be habit- forming Ind tend to increase thumb-sucking. But I grent num- bar of doctors now disagree.

A sticking reflex is present in all infants. They get their first nourishment by sucking. For many children. it is also I source pleasure since it helps them to re-

. G This urge to suck is usually antis- fled with the thumb. By the time I baby reaches the age of three months, his coordination is good enough to make sucking I pur-

poseful Ict.

If ti:....b-sucking become: I hubit, II it frequently does. it sometimes continues for several years. Any parent who has tried to breuk bis youngster of this habit knows what I job it is.

PACIFIERS HELP

Dr. Louis F. Rittelmeyer, Jr. of the University of Tennessee Col- lege of Medicine. suggests that pacifier: can help prevent thumb- sucking

He cites tests conducted by the college”: Family Cure Program to Iupport his contention. In three per cent of the cases. did the glacifier fall to prevent thumb-suclc

g.

One of the chief values the pac- ifier hgg as a preventative of thumb-sucking, he says. is that it is seldom difficult to discard.

1'0 BREAK HABIT

While a thumb is always avail- able It the flick of I wrist. a pac- ifier is not. If the temptation is more than an arms length away. Dr. Riitelmcyer says, a habit is more easily broken.

Ordinarily. he says. children give up I pacifier voluntarily before the age of 2. Any time after the second birthday. he points out, parents usually can "lose" the pacifier with out fearing development of thumb- sucking.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

J. S. M.: I awake during the night with numbness in my hands Ind finger tips. I also have sore- ness in the arms and shoulders. Would the numbness be caused by rheumatism or is it due to poor circulation?

Answer: it is impossible to tell what disturbance is causing the numbness in your hands and fin- gm and soreness in your arms and shoulders. This might be due to I circulatory disturbance, to Irlhritis, or to some nervous dis- order.

Thorough study by your physi- cian is needed to find the cause.

.

. PIONEER IIOMI

The old house Iiundl Igulnst the Iky As for this many I year. On windy upland bars Ind high- No other dwelling near.

Three ragged true. I luv done wall.

A lilac bush or two.

A rambler rose. Ind that to II-