_ -' i.‘ ,~.

A' livin" .4”'. ..

AUG UST 23. 1909 " 'ram i.a'riiis'r usnis i THE CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN . .fr naar osann ` "` PAGE SEVE

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HHTT UNE EXPEHIHENTTE Elilli

ii TUHNTT HUT TBTTHT PITUETITY

"'.~ E ' lsr iuiviuonn Psaann, Pan.)

. ,NOTE-‘l'his is the third instalment of this`very useful and interest- hl “fi” °f Diiiiliry artlclels describing methods and procedure at the Maine Agricultural Btatiou. The second one appeared last week.

, , , _

E ~ V _ -‘I FEEDING CHICKS FOR THE RANGE.

' . 37. the middle of June the chickens that were hatched in April are 59'" “il °ii erlekeii corn. wheat. ana the mash. at about that time the WWW* h°“|°l °°'iflil\|i\l' the chickens are drawn from their winter loca- tions out to an open hay field where the crop has been harvested and the Ile" ie short and arson- if not toe much worn. the rams field may be used l~ second- season for chickens, but this is not recommended. A new, clean DTD" of _turf land should be used esch year. Two acres should be allowed 10|’ Mol 1.000 chickens. ir- WPC! fha chickens are moved to the range, the sexes are separated. Th* 'P90104' °f f°BiTil’il' the cockerels and puiiets differ. and there has been a Jllbdusl change in the method of feeding. Each method has given load results. The changes have been introduced to save labor. After the ¢l\i0k°\ll WON HIOVBG t0 U16 P81188 ill e.v uere fed in the morning and even- ml’ with a molstened mixture of cornmeal, middlings and wheat bran, to which one-tenth as much beef scrap was added. The other two feeds were of wheat and cracked corn. .

i- Tm; FEEDING TRQUGH. """U'l"*.*'UIl"""""

i` The difficulty of keeping the"feed clean and dry during the continued 0190!'-‘T0 il li¢Bl'|Y 0VM'C0me_ by using troughs with slatted sides and broad detachable roofs. (Figures 2 and 3.1 The troughs 'ara from 6 to 10 feet long, with the sides 5 inches high. The lath slats are 2 inches apart. and the troughs are 16 inches high from the floor to roof. The roof projects about two inches at the sides, and ef fectualiy keeps out the rain except when high winds prevail. .

The roof is very easily removes hy iiriihs one ahh ana slicing ena-

wise on the opposite gable end on which it rests, as shown in figure 3. The trough can then he filled and the roof drawn bark into place with- oubllfting it. This arrangement .s economical of feed. keeping it in good condition and avoiding waste. When dry mash is used there may be con- siderable waste by the finer parts being blown away. and on this account the dry mash trough should be put in a sheltered place and out of the reach of the wind. `

FEEDING THE COCKERELS FOR MARKET. °

' At the Maine station most of the cockereis are to be used for`breed- Ing purposes, and`they are fed in flocks of about 100 on the range in about the same way as puiiets. The dry-feed method is now used for them as satisfactorily as for the puiiéts.

The number of pounds of grain required to produce one pound of gain

in fattening cockerels was ascertained in experiments comparing the effect of housing, (2) the effect of age. and (3) the effect of skim milk. The grain mixture used in these series of experiments was the same, consist- ing of 100 pounds of corn meal, 100 pounds of wheat middiings, and 40 pounds of meat meal. This was fed as porridge, thick enough to drop but not to run from a spoon.

The French and English fatteners who make a specialty of the busi-

ness, fattening thousands of chickens each year, confine the chickens in small coops. The coops used at the Maine station gave a floor space Of 15 I 28 inches. in each of which four chick'~ns were placed. The coops were constructed with laths with closed end partitions of boards. The floors. sides and tops were of laths placed three-quarters of an inch apart. By simply moving the pens thus constructed the floors were kept clean. V- shaped troughs with 3-inch sides were placed in front and about tu'o inches above the level of the floors of the coops. Cot-kc-reis thus fed were com- pared with others kept in small houses 9 x 11 feet in size, pvlth an at- tached yard 20 feet square. The yard was entirely free from anything that would servo as green feed. Twenty birds were put in each of these houses. As a result of experiments with fait ening 286 birds it was found that on the average 7.9 pounds of grain were required to produce one pound of lain in the case of birds fed in the coops, and 6.9 pounds in the case of those fed in the small houses and yards.

The experiments clearly indicate 'hat it is profitable to fatten chickens

in cheaply constructed sheds or in large coops with small runs for about four weeks and then send th_em to the market dressed. in quality the well-covered, soft-fleshed chickens are much superior to the some birds n0t specially prepared, that the former will be sought for at a higher price. The dairy farmer is particularly well l>i‘0Dl1r€ii I0 l‘8i‘i'>' 011! iliirl Wvrk. BA he bas the skim milk which these experiments show to be of ev great importance 'in obtaining cheap. rapid growth and superior quality of flesh-

` HOUSING THE HENS.

When work in poultry management was first undertaken at the Uni-

versity of Maine, lhc hens wt-re kept in small colonies in accord with what at that time was believed to be the best practice. it has now been abandoned entirely in favor of curtain from houses to be described below.

Seven years ago one of the 10 ft. squnro houses then in use was taken

for a nucleus and an addition marie, so that the reconstructed house was 10 feet wide and 25 feet long. The inside end of the old house was taken out, so that there is one room with a floor space of 250 square feet The walls are about 6 i-2 feet high in the rear inside of the building. The whole of the front wall is not filled in, but a space three feet wide and 15 feet long is left just under the plate. This space has a frame covered with `white drilling, hinged at the top on the inside, so it can be let down and buttoncd during driving storms and winter nights, but hung up out of the may at all other times. The clu th of the outer 0\il'¢Hl¥\ T9 Ulled Wiih hot iinseed oil. The roost platform extends the whole length of the back`of the Nom. it is 3 feet 4 inches wide and 3 feet above tho floor. 'ihg back wail and up the roof for 4 feet is lined and the space filled an packed hard with fine hay. The packing also extends pert wily evrvll U10 ends of the room.

Two roosts are used, but they do not take the whole length of the

platform. a space of 4 feet at one end being reserved for a crate where broody hens can be confined until the desire for sitting is overcome. The space, from the frorrt edge of the platform up to the roof, is covered by frame curtains of drilling, similar to the one on the front wall, exCOPi`~ UNH it is not oiled. They are hinged at the tcp edge and kept turned up out of the way during daytime, but from the commencement of cold weather until spring they are closed down every l\i8l\l 8061' "il Mill K0 U’ P00"- The hens are shut in this close roost ing C1089! B114 TWP! the” \‘|\"`|“K UW night, and are released early in the morning as they can see to scratch for the grain which is sprinkled in the e-inch deer straw on the !i°°i”~

The roostlng closet has been closely observed and has never been damp

or its odors offensive when opened in the mornings. There was very little freelinrin the closets in the coldest weather. The birds seemed 10 EHJDY coming out of the warm sleeping closet down into the cold straw, which was always dry because the whole house was open to the air and sun every day. There were no shut off corners of floor or i'i~=-"L that were UHUID-

curvram FRONT zioi',_i.. .

o he house described above indicated that this

wurrocgrerguglgt xsttgrzl ‘Ffa trgatting and housing hens, and it was decided to build several houses on the same plan s.n`d join them together under

one roof ,as one house. ‘ 150 t t I k Ho 8

_ get w 9 h ee ong, nown as u e

No ¢ ':|il:al¢';eE;lTl;l¢;tlH,`"llg(?3,12T‘he back wiyll is 5 ft. 6 in. high from floor tak.-.ir or mats inside, and the from win is e rr. a in. hiah. The roof is oflunsqual apan the ridge being 4 fi. in from the front wall, and the height of'the ridge above the floor is 9 feet. The siils are 4 x 8 inches in also and rest an a rough some waii laid on the surface of the around. ; ¢q.t|-al ,iii gives support io the floor which at times is quits heavily loaded with sand. The floor timbers are 2 x 8 inuiies in size and are placed I feet apart' the floor of two thicknesses of hemlock boards. All the relt of the frame L of 2 x 4 inch stuff. The building is boarded, papered and ahlngled on roof and walls. The rear wail and four feet of the lower par( of the rear roof are oeiled on the inside of the studding and plates, and the place between inner and outer wells is l\B°k°¢| Vvry hard with dry sawdust In order to make the sawdust lililkinl' ¢°“"““°“' b°¢W°°“ gh, “li ml-l'¢hq roof, the wall ceiling is carried up to within 6 inches of

the plate; than follows up inclinlng pieces of studdinl to the rafters. thi short pieces of etudding being nailed to studs alnd.l':§l»o:ld.m‘?y cmds :Il-r. aangement there are no slack places around the P I l dl _ld d b' be end walls are packed in $110 l°'“° WW- _Th° hl%“;°°t ' cn‘ f 3: hiase-board partitions mo si.: 30-i'-wi »w¢i°M» °"° ' ° " °” ' "

"rua It me Iomr au tw . mat .wr;:.ll:i'Tmoutsldc windows screwed

gnupg wo -

mnmhmwmwmmwmwmww for g qieeanpe of three feat down lrvm the plate is covered with lo ounce d gk, oiled and closely tacked on. This door, or curtain. is hinged at the tu d in in and up to the roof when open. In the front of each on ‘H .W F I ft 0 in wi e. The roost platform is at the hack of "uhm I. . sur t nds the wgole I0 feet. The platform is 8 feet 6 inches “°h '°°m 1." ¢ °{, ev, th, floor, The roosts`are of 2 x 3 inch stuff placed

wide and 3 es a o h on edge and are io inches above U10 ¥’llU°"“~ Th’ b°°tk |°“fs if :ll "gc 3?

b t t.h t rooa s s no es ea

rm noni' nt? wb.elT.'vv::r‘E feds: H50 :T.e:THd the ‘Rok curtain. which is suf~

f'|;'|°m “.:‘°m.u,,“¢` 9,. curtain being soiled by the birds on tlhe Tests. The

ost r imiisr to the one n t e ront o

mm%mmmmwMnmMmMMm» I0 |neh::'wide hinged at the top. and opcn into the room and fasten up

' G eat care was exercised in constructing the roosting

;2::u”‘;f,‘;'“‘::°`m,:; u nearly sir-tight as possible. except as air might

some in through the cloth curtsiii-

(To be Continued Next Week.)

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TALE IS THE Milli- STTY [TT THE ETTIHY

'_ ." gig*

_ suits Later On.

' (By Edlfsr L. Vincent.)

The calf is the malnspring of the

dairy. Without the calf, the whois machine would soon run down and stop. Is it not important, then that we should give good heed to our treat- ment of the cnif. As the time-keep- Qualities of the watch depend on the lille bit of steel coiled up in the bar- rel. so the wliolc system of butter and cheese miiirliiir. nott to any anything nboiit the uront iullk producing in-

dulsrtry of the world depends on the ca .

More liifin once it has been snid that

the timo to mnko ii nowand better na- tion lii u »:i-iivrntioii or two before it is born. Not it-ss irui- is this of the hiiililing of n ni-w uiiil more success- ful iiriiigv. Thr- work must be com- menced a\vu_\' bnvk nt the fountain. In

dt TTKE ETHE UT IT

Poor Care at First Means Poor Re-

CLEANLINESB MOST IMPORTANT

T HiTTiG|H[i EUHH IS ECUTTUTTITITL Will

Old Prejudice Against This Method

Dying Out)

CARE OF BROOD S0_V@\

TTT HTHVESTIHB

_ CATTLE

HLY THE BEST IS [SHUT] ETTUUEH Tilil .YUUTT STITIIK ETHM

U

Poor Business to Try to Raise Any but First-Class Breeds.

HOLLAND HOLSTEINS' HOME

L_.

.By D. A. Gaumnitz.)

Economical Harvesting.-The corn

rrop is nt yet assured, yet plans for disposing of it must ba made. Bell- ing corn "full blast" from the farm

is not good practice. and on the best riuriaged farms it is fed to some form of live stock. The se labor hat i'

i m fi

| b ' m istuffs, lands, markets or seotions be-

(By C. W. Burkett.) "

Live stock pays when well-bred ani- als are in the barns and pasture eids. If your beef business or dairy usiness does not pay to-day you are aking a mistake in condemning feed

are you haie carefull consi ere t

if t

ireods to be oxpendeil por acre of corn with equally good ri-turns resulting _vivarufter yenr, the better the prac- iice. '

liogglng off corn was formerly con sidered. and by it fow still is. a shift-

lhe corn crop. Five yours of care- i'ul‘ observation. supplemented by ra- ports from all over the Northwest, #how that belief is not ivcll grounded. Rather is thc opposliv true, that hog- ging off corn is one uf the very best

T T

T

inss. unprofitable mi-tliod of hundlins<

' ' Y d d he

.animals that work for you. Choose first the line ,then the breed, and to these other things will be added.

But liigh-class, special-bred animals

. H are expensive; and I am not going to

. euKKest that you start with pure-bred animals only. If you have money and are acqualiited with the principles of breeding, it will pay you to do this. . But if you know little about the care and attention required for pure-bred. , hlglily-trained farm animals, your first need will be to know how to care and lend sur-li individuals before you be- uoniv tlicir owner.

l Siigiif-st, therefore, that you select

for your breeding herd or flock the

better grade of individuals that gos- si-ss fairly' good breeding, and suc as pose:-.ss those qualities as you desire \v1iPii your flock or herd shall be iiigliiy iii_ipro\'cd. You are t0 use. however, for thc purpose of improve- ment ,the best pure-bred males that can be obtained. For the male is half or niure. There must be no mongrel or questionable blood in liis veins. Ho must Lu- no cross-bred individual. He must cuiiic from no two breeds, even

Khoimmth are pure breeds, with int, of ancestors back of them.

irccess comes only from stick-

E

to one line of blood. Like

GIBSON’S LINCOLN RAM.

The Lincoln flock owned by J. T. Gibson, of Dvnfirlrl, Ont., la noted

in the United States and Canada. Wherever it appears nt shows or hir!

it carries off the bulk of the ribbons. The illustration shows one

Mr. Gibson‘s Lincolns, and while the plintogrnpli do:-s not do the anim justice. the large size is easily determined. .\ii'. (;iii.~:u:i's l.lncoln's coma H, from the best bred stock obtainable in Enginiiii, :li-vi-lolii <1 iiiiiler the splen- did conditions for raising sheep to be found li. iiiitnrio. ills niiimiils rank

among tha best. They have been bred uiiii ii vii-\\' iii' large carcas

heavy fleece and vigorous constitution. Ho lzhs slut his stork to ever; part of the country, and it has given uniform siiiisfnotion. Lincolns be-

long to the lung-wool breeds, and have,m1iii:»' uilniircre.

__ _.___ __ --

,. gi

i

other words, the process of sciectiori and mating must ue attended to for a long time before we expedi. our ideal cow. 'This is worth doing. Muclias we are int-liiieil to neglect it, we shall find in this process of careful

breeding the secret or successful dairy- 118. uranting that all this has been done

and we have a good, strong, healthy calf in the stable, what shall we do to make it the best possible? it is a fact that we are not as choice of our calves as we ought to be. We think we can give hlin poor quarters, poor rations. and poor care and by and by. when ha is well on toward maturity, by a little extra, care push him along to the ideal we desire to attain. This cannot be done. At no point in the career of the calf can we afford to slight him. if we do, we will cer- tainly pay the penalty and penalties in this field are severe and enduring.

How, then, shall we deal with tue

calf after he comes?

First and foremost, care for the mo-

ther well. Glve her the best possible treatment. Her milk is the life of the calf. While the calf is by her side, it should have thc purest possi- ble milk. So by the feed we give, the water she has to drink and by the quiet ensured her we must enable the mother to give her progeny a good

start.

.Practice has change-,d'in the matter

of leaving the calf with the dam. Now it is not thought best to let her suc- kie the cull’ very lung. One day is enough. That gives the calf a chance io get they first milk, which has sonietliiiig about ii. which the ein- bryu cow seems to need to set its dl- gestivo apparatus moving in the right direction. At the end of that time the calf should be taken away. Tho cow should be returned to her place with the other cows, and, if pussii.\le,. the call' removed so fni' from the uio- ther that the one shall not lie-ui' the other's voice.

For a few days the cull’ sliould lie

given fresh warm milk, preferably' that from its own mother. Nut too much of this sliouid be given at a tiine. T\vo quarts at one feeding sliouid suffice; but this ought to be repeated three or four times n day for a time. itu- inemlier that the calf's stomach is small, and so its capacity is limited.

When the calf is three weeks uid ii.

may take part sweet skimmed milk. This ought to be warmed. In fact, it is best always to feed warm milk. Even nfter thc cnlf gots to be mouths uid, wariii milk will make it grow bol- ter than cold. Begin with say one- quarter skimmed niilk. Gradually' iii- crease this quantity.a little at a time until tho calf is tuliiiig all skimmed

'iiietiiuils ot' iiuiidiiiig the Ultlnd-

eu lui' <.'uiisulii,»L|-ni hyn ln mg

lull ..<-lol.; inc flicl.

Lcxlitiiiiit-.its ..... were ted in

Bum-iii.. li.-. ol L..e i\iiiiiiDz&Hi- niciii. nlutiuii, guys exo\\|&l. data, siiouiiig .lic relative gains by lagsiu tile ii.-hi .iiid uiien feu in a _.msd the corii iiuskeii ui' sxiuplled ailu iiauleo 10. tilt-in. afcpurls fiuiil iu.i'iiiei‘s gniii.; tlleli' IJUIIAL ul. \i\.~\a ull tile p|‘tu:ll\:e ull-1 also bi..ii. Liotii tile uuta u.lid the ri-poi'i.~ nic very i..\ui'ublu Lu tue prac- licv. ...nice iiic lmiiiication oi. that bi.iiii»iiii iiiiiiiy luriiif-rs have tried tno

llli'\l|i»\i itil() t)l\|,)' it STIISIB Cl'l\.lClBlii liial .~ti<i;is at .ill Jusliiied hus e-vi.-i' bttii ii.....\<. ...any decidedly favor- ainic i‘.,.i,.i'is lime ueieii received and

liie: lriueiiue is sie-liillly Kruwllig.

(_iii iii-aivy Clay Lund.-The only

place \.i.i-in lt iilipi-uni liieit cxlrn pre- cuiitiou _,...., oi( corn in-cus io be time-ii is oil ....l\y clay iaiiu or land ilu.: out-s noi. uiuin well. on lanus ii. iiiis kind it is pussiule to puiluic the soil so that it muy gui uiii..-iiii.._. iuiiipy and uiiiicult to work the ioiii»»\iiil.; si-usuii. This is some- tliliig limi everyone must allvliu io iiiiu \\-~i.. out lor hiiiiseii. ll is uuulitiui \\'ii<»i.tici' llierc ure many urieus ui iiiiiu uuuiil llic uverage himiv- slvuii ii iiiilidli.-u ivilii iiiscre-liiiii, Liui tlmt viiiilii lic slim' ssiiiliy uscu. Un pni'iii-ii.ni'.y wel. .......s it would be quilt- po...-lille to iiave a ytiru iniu wiiioli .lie iiogs iiiiglit be i.urii~_~d lor ix ii \\ \i..i_\ri ut ia tliiiu wlicll tile lgruiiiiil was \\'nit-i'log~:i»ii, where corn could be fi-il iiiiiii tile field was again lil

for ihciii. ' -

Must hind (lm-s not need such care-

i'ul iiiuiiipiiliitiuii and the lriiiiipiiig of the hogs does not in uii_v way niieri the i-iiiiii~ii:qiii~iit ciiltlvntiuii of the soil.

The liogging off corii scasnii opens

about tile lirst to lilo lciilli of .inp- lcliiiu-i'. l~i\'i¢ or six wcuks sw.-iiis .ine u long iiiiii.- ulicud for wiilvli to make |ii'i-piiiuiiiiiii, yul mio liiiisl reiiivniller liiiii. llniii [iles ri-ipiilly iiurliig thc busy sciisoii uiiil one vniiiiol. be tim fore- iiuiiiluil iii his pliiiis it' he km-ps the fork iiiuiiiig siiiuiithly rind effectively.

Caro of the Brood Sowii.-The lirc-'id

sous get little uttciiilon on many i'iii'iiis lroiii lilo time pigs are \vc»'»ii\-.i uiilll l.\_ii- iii the fall; nor do those thu. ,H-.. in good condition require any vsp:-.~l:~l cure. Plenty of pasture on \vhl.~ii to gruzo, plenty of water to ilrliik, niiil shade ii\ which to ri-si, with :iii uciruslunai filling of the suit uiiil i-uiiiiiment box, will supply them \\'liii lilo gri-at csseiitlals to heultli niiil iialipiness.

Thin liiwmil aoivs, lio\vovor, do need

n. iiitlo i-.\iin attention, by way of food

milk.

To make up for the clcmrntii wliicli

are not in the sweet skjmmod milk, eleinelgts which are essential to the heat growth, a little grain should lie fed when the fresh milk is first drop- ; pad. There are a. good many rnlfi foods on the market. and no doubt; these are all good. Hut they are not i esential to good progress. By fecilinil . a small quantity of frcslily ground, buckwheat shorts or a little vvheuti middlings, with now and thon a bit cf, oil meal, varied by wheat bran, we, may very well omit the cortllor ra- tions. Soino advocate coriimoni.

All the time the calf should be glv:-n i

clean quarters. Never make a enif lic; on wet. filthy ati-aw. More calves are;

made sick that way than in any other; in the world. Every dish w ich is

paris and boxes are dangerous.

us d ou ht to be very clean. Filthy

pni'ii~'iil:ii'l_\'. und if not given it ti\o_\' will not likely he iii good liremliiig voiiiliiioii by friil. 'l'hi=y should he give-ii uuii'lr-i- ' iiilllc. slops or'graiii to bi-ini: iiioin up sliuviy to their nor- iiuil ivcilllit; :\i`il-r tlii_s ilivy muy be

allowed io i..i- on Tsture alone, the annie as other sow . Sows should not bo "siui'frd" on ttif-se supplement- al feeds so that they got their weight bark in n tiny. nor in a week: but rather aliould be fed so that the gain is slow and gradual. if overfed. the rhnngo to pasture alone, which comes luior. is mu abrupt ,and they suffer ii soilmvk whivli ia by all means to he nvoiilr-rl. (iverfeeding, moreover. caiises fat to be laid on around the generative organs, and this interferes with conception at breeding time.

As soon as all the sows ar‘e in

you know. To trifle with o is to end in your de-

` may have the best

will lose. Nature

sentiment, is heartless,

e eason for doing things

lbw) this law she deviates

hcl, IIN' MC 'she ever stop. Like the NU*1Y‘l\es on forever, or un- sii ih8nW\\Cl IN U0 m0rc. so docs the und QW of breeding govern and control moment and de- i‘.=i‘i0rl¢|0l 'lil ance or varia- tion. _

And do not make the mistake of

choosing e. grade sire or an inferior pure bred because such an animal may cost less than a pure bred. if you do ,instead of hr.-ailing up to im-

iii*

inferiority Ind regret. Use a male of ltrung pfopoiency-one that pos- sesses rich quality, high character, and then your herd or flock can be brought T0 Quick prtlluetive-ncss in n sho;-t tfms. lliit your herd or flock 0271 be maintained at that point only by the continued use of males of su- perior bi'cv<1iii|.:. also for n single

adoration an infcrior sire and i1 bnrk-

rd tum will be made.

Hnnnarm 'mm rioiir; or 'rms

, HoLs'rEiN.

Hblllld ll a small country, reclaim-

Dd from the Bea by flirmvlng up mas- lfvo dike! to keep back tho water When the tides are in. It is si>lf-i:vi- dent that the land is very valuable; in flct the annual rental is from $50 to* S100 par acre. This is the country from whii-li tho lloistoins come. limi it is evident from the rental paid for land that nothing iuit good cows'

provement, you will breed down toi

could be kept with profit: (`ows are flou' of '.\'li1-nt -\froiu ihzir country, kept becaiisi: they wi-re found profit-Tiii»i\\'iilisiiiii<llng ilu- not o\'er-bright

I "rv" --i .-T

, OTHER 1>ao1>Las' axvsnraucs swine

. . k&*u» _

UUT EUH THE HUST

TAKIH JUST HUW

I _

Estimation of Damage Dane to Crop by Rust is Difficult Matter,

¢ T( .,- =s#.*¢' "

QUACK EXPERTS GET IU

(By W. H. Mercer.)` “QQ

The time of year is again close at

hand when the quack experts will be

spreading repgrta of wheat mst and other evils. he fact of the matter is that the prediction of any of these

travelling experts ga worth a little less than the raw pro uct that went into the paper they te on. In spits of

this fact some whom will make the ' fool assert1o_ris t at were made last ¢ year. One man even ventured to rs- ¢ sert that the wheat crop was hang at ¢ in the balance almost the day harvest `| began.

Wheat rust is a splendid tool to in-

fluence prices ana it is una Y the limit. up ons knows ten days efore f damage actually being done b rust

whether q wheat crop is in dvanger or not. ven then a prediction is hard to make unless a very experi- enced lu.a.n has been on the ground most or the time. I-Ie must have studied the weather conditions from

the earliest spring; must know how much of 9. start t e rust got on the burberry. how early it appeared on the fields, and the' most favorable time for (he rust after it has started on the wheat field. Then by summing up everything and noting what the wea- ther is liable to be for a week in ad- vance he may be able to make a good guess nearly two weeks before harvest.

Judging from conditions right

around Fargo tho rust has a good E start in the earliest stages, but t ere were many other years when the lame thing coiiid be said and no appreciable damage was done in the long run,ovon ,though the weather appeared favor- 'able for the best development. Just wh_v this has been the case is yet an oxtrcinely complicated puzzle, and it nill probably be some time before it

is satisfactorily solved .

At first thought it might appear

liint no harm is done by spreading reports of this kind, but in lhe long run there is no doubt but that harm is done. l.lkn all other false reports diiiilii. is r‘i'euted, people living in other regions shy at a locality where rust has been reported but-suse they do| not get the facts in the case later.; tins- of (he most fruitful sources ofi confusion is the result of mistaking tho curly leaf rust (Pucrlnia rutxigo-vera) for the more destructive stem rust (l"iicclnia grammiiiis). By a little study no mistake need be made. The ,loaf rust uppi-urs much earlier than tho stem rust, the spots or pustulcs nro much smaller, nncl nearly always icoiiflnfd to the lower leaves. This |li»:if rust probnliiy never does any ldiiinagc. \\`lii=n the real stem rust ‘appears thospols will he on the sirik aiiii sh:-nth of tho loaf and much larger than those of thc len! rust. Both kinds turn black in thi-ir later stages, iliir- to tho formation of liiuok spores wlivro rvii one-s were being formed in

llic varil' pni'i of tho season.

THF! Rl7SSilAl\' WHEAT TRADE. 'l‘o\vnrds the close of April, in thai

pcrlorl u‘lii>n whrat prices wore d»i|ly| fixiiii: uno' high r»‘i-orrls fiii' ii ilozcni yi':irs,_ fiirrign critics proillvieri limi il r~i>ntiiiii:ini~f\ of oxiirliitniil filriiri-s ilirn ruling for tlir grain lu nil tim wor1il‘s nmrlrf-is' uiiiilil rr-siili iii iiivzilwniiig ill" sli»\\'-nzoviiiu Rii.=.°lan vxliiirii-r 10 ilin sitiiuili»ii_ aliil lonil to n large out-

PETER PAUUS ANCHOR CHAMPION GUERNSEY BULL.

’ '-.f ' if ' A vow is nearly dry, or as the lactation

reevai a different oondl

0

bliihiiilels. There is no known posi- d 2 Kood. Continue treatmgat 5 .

Ill

G

“.|:¢Y|'l.-Ist II! a..."5qL‘.” concise, an s

lfilor of the Apts aapsr. ay pefsq

sat aselese dolor

.E -.§’ iiifiil “ i Ti

.V it testines back ia piece. --

ra ini rusmuiésis-1-. ! we

fear Tour? sow has tuberealox. )et~ ter-have hartssted. Ifthhtillot the trouble report again. 5., -

Jew Gown-Oabsoflber.

sm of my settle are affected 'ith himax Jew. ‘ Cen it be remo- died?"

t tim

Ill Um

4 weeks. _ _

P aibl Gi darts-Old lorfbf.

Des:-iptirn ofudondition of holla

indicates glandan. Have it _

soon as possible any veteri

will do it. In the meantime keep

ung colt is probably ruptured.

3.

' es! il’ H zi

from other horses.

Broken Knee.-T. A. J. Doubtlesl he knee of your colt was broken by he kiokit Mosived on Enter last and he faint is probably spoiled. Exam- "C1011 by I l°°d vetezilnarian might

OIL

SON Wu-J. C. "fs there any ou§ or moon glindneesf' Ass.-Periodic Dthalmia sometimes called moon

ve cure. but iodide potassium in ram doses is recommended and may

ontb.

'Diseased Womb of Cow-gtqmuy

Disease.-T. J. Your cow hal a dis. eased womb. Wash it ou with a. I

per cent. carbollc acid solution' once a day. Your old horse that bloats seems to be in much pals, do" gag eat. sto.. probably has an organs., gm.

acb trouble that is doubtful of aura.

lmbilre Blood.-Mrs. R. A. M. We hink the swellings of various parts of

YW' mU°'l body and the ulceration of

ome of them is due to impure blood. 91 Duv. pot, iodide 1 os.; png lg in-1|

0.9;. water _and put 1 os. in feed I tlllel ft BY. Vi hen prescription is used up

necessary repeat lt,

Choking Coit.-A. J. L. 'rn le

you lost from choking spells :hoirld have been treated by a vgtgrlngrllg and the one now attacked by the same trouble should be turned over to soma- °ii° 011 ihe evoi. Sursieai treatment is indicated, but only personal examina- tion would indicate what to do. ,

Out. of Condition.-P. J. M.

think your horse that is out of cg? ililivri. but is not sick needs achange tif diet. Constant feeding of'crack¢d corn and wild hay is not conducive to good condition. if you have no other grain, feed with the corn some bran 'or shorts, and increases quantity fed lgradually until the animal gets all it T will eat. Can't you substitute pasture for Wild TIBY? Warm separator milk will noi. hurt a horse.

Land Too Rich.-S. B. B. "l. Gar-

` den planted in an old sheep corrai did not grow while crop just outside did Twell. What is the cause? 2. Where does seed coma from that causes iii- \...rlon of arrange grasses in land pio\._,ne<i deep in June. Land has been in \’.ovcr and timothy for ten years."

Aus.-The la..'i in the corrai had

probably been used so long that it is foo rich; plough deeply in the fail hlfd plant io corn. Z. lt is impossible to ieil. Seed have probably been incthe ground lor an indefinite period. but were brought neur enough 'lie surface 10 Sldruur oy _thu deep piougbins. rieeu are also carried by liie wlni, waters

and drifting snow.

Apple Trees Do Not Bear.-A. "’. J.

"\\'iiu.i. should be done with apple tr-‘el that are 'l or 8 years old, are quliie large, but bear no fruit?"

Aus.-There is nothing to be done.

ionie varieties, particularly very long

ved tre-is, do not coma into bearing before that time.

._

Cream Does Not Churn.-L. B. "A

cow 2 years old in good condition gives good milk, butthacream by it- si~ii' does not make butter. When

mix.-d with other cream the whois cliurne ull right. What is the uuust-`!"

min.--The he-ifer has doubtless been lying milk for some time. When a

ie-riod ad\'aiit-cs, the fat globules grow -uiiiiilor ami ulion very small it is dif- iit-uit io gi-t iliein to mass together. or get the butter to “come.," When milk is mixed with fresh cows' or those tiuviiig large fat gluliulcs there is no trouiiin in geitiiig butter. '1‘he milk from ilie Jersey and Guernsey breeds havu larger fat globulel than natives- Ayrsliire or liolsrtsins. lf using I cream separator and have troubiein getting butter to come, turn in cream screw for thicker creuin.

_~i_.__i_

THE GUERNSEY COW.

The Guernsey cow comes from

J .

I i

I .

_-i

Rupture-A. 1'., Bissetos. lxdll 0 on its bask. and gently work, thala-

I - .4

lil-ilili farms of Birnl-|iigl‘i8h'i. Nlifli.. cunsidor the day they bought Peter

Paul's Aiiclior No. 9375 a very fortunate uno, as he has not only prov:-rl a show liull, hilt is also proving lilm soil' :i airo worthy of the gr.-ni i’aiuil_v of milk and butter producers to wiiii-h lic belongs. Peter Pnul's Anrlior 0375 is siri-il by }iope’s Anchor, a liroiiiiiu-nt irirmlior of that famous Sheet Anchor family. about which pagos could ho ivritii,-ri. ills dam is lsab(-lla V. 11842, Adviini-od Registor No. 25 Z, uilh a milk record of 7950 poiiririr, testing 5.72 butter fat. lsaibella V. is Pi sister of .\liu1oim 'T779 and Early Rose of Raritan 11782. Petrr Paul's Aiioluir is almost uniformly trans- ferring to his oi`fiipring the woiidcrfiil show, milk anii hiitter-proiliiuinll qualities of his ancestors. He has some ten or fiftocn daughters that will soon begin to make history for him.

___ __.__.__._._____YY.__...`_v>.>.A. ....___> - 5--Y; ;._ ___i___i_.._i._

able, the average for thc entire coun- Hprospevisof the growing Russian crop try being 9,000 pounds of niilk porlat tho tlnir. I‘i'i=rlirtioiis, it will lic year. They \v4-rc liroiiglit to this V rvnii-mln-rf-fl, prnvcil trim. exports from high standard froiu ne-cnssity bnciiiiseilliissin whivli in ilio week of April 3 of the high rental unil siiinll ucrougc. i had lwcn 944.000 luialiels, were 3.000.000

Some farms of 25 ni-r--s ln lloliiuiil H lu that onillfig .‘.lii_v 1. 3,162,000 in that

are made to keep 50 1'- -'iii :i num- cnrling .\1n_\‘ 8. and nu loss than 4.048,- bur of sheep. The viuiiiinv iii--rngcii 000 in ihntcniiiiig May 22. one cow for cvcry ai-ro oi' lnriil iinili llnw have tlir-_v mr.\'i=d since, and two sheep for ov-*ry cow. Thi- \\~>rlil's I ivluit are the cliniices of Russia help- champion yearly rm-rird is hclil liytlici ing to supply the world with wheat Holstein cow, Colartha l\'s.' .loliannn,]i|i the comingc-rop yniir? Official re- niaking D88 pounds iii’ biittor-fat oi"t\irus of the weekly shipments from 1,185.6 pounds of 80 pvr rout. iiuitcr. that country rrcentiv, from Beer-

Northfield is the recognized contre for Ehohm's. this breed in l\ilnnesnta.nltlioiigli iiuiuy , lou-,_ in good herds are found scattcreduver week the state. Mm. 29_ _______._._._._.___._._._._._.,_._._-_-_._._._.____._._.___._._._._._.,_s June 5 ..

_ H.luue 12..

them. They are not then likely io~J\ii\e19.- become overfat. and ovcrfatncss isgliiirio 26.. one of the most common causes of'-lull’ 3-~ the unsatisfactory results at breeding 'July 10..

time. Pastures arc bulky enoughlhily 17.. under normal conditions so that" only I-Tilly 24--

' o sow w l at

:tiTguTET'To‘T:;T`e)n.!0.;T»nir_Ttimes ns hT¥gh Total. nine weeks 3.095.000

elu1cd- 1 909.

495,000 480.000 000,000 Ill :`».0"lL' ‘.’.'»5,000 260.000 245,000 225.000 280.000

ss thirty-five to forty pounds gain In the wool; of July 81 th

conipnrcil with 1908. as fol- qunrtors of clgh tbushels:-

1908. 168.000 122.000 164.000 92,000 114.000 81.000 80.000 04.000 20.000

917.000

_\' were

have been noted in brood sows un pas- 322,000 quarters. last wcok they were ture, but such instances are rare. 207.000 so that it can be seen that

normal flesh it is a great deal better to rely on pasture alone to maintain

Much more than maintenance cannot 'drained surplus supplies. together with bs expected unless the pasture ia ex- i rapidly diminishing prires. hr-ve had

ceptlonaliy good. ` their affect. in the new crop year

0 RELIABLE AGRICULT RAL ITEMSFOR PROVI CIL FA _

_ ~ - - _ . .

Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands. a small triangular piecc of land nine miles long and four miles wide at the base. There are living on this island some 35,000 people, whole chief export ls Guernsey cattle and dairy products. This people found their stock a source of great profit to them and passed

stringent laws protecting) them. Thus stock is rendered pure y the exclu- sion of all other breads.

All cattle brought to the island, gg-

cept from Aidsrney, must be slaugh- tered within twenty-four hours.' -,this is such an old breed of dairy cattle tha it is hard to lo far enough back into history to learn its origin. , The fluemsey uils crossed on common

cows are very prepotent because they have been red pure for so many years. They are one of the moat pre- potent of dairy breeds. Yelrsa Sua-

beam, the egampion Guernsey, made 1,000 lbs. of utter in ons year. Y

Russia promises to bear an important

part. In the twelve months end” July 81 its exports were 11,715,

quarters. against 1,400,000 in 1908. Re- cent estimates were for an exportabia surplus of 35,000,000 quarters. from a

large crop, of fine condition.

The Oglivie Flour Mills Company

has received the first samples of new wheat. They consisted o about ten pounds each and came from Rosenfeld and Rothwell. The Rosenfeld sam-

ple was a beautiful sample of #uri red Fyfe wheat of a deeg amber s ade and would grade extra o. 1 hard sl}d_, will make a very strong flour. The farmer will have a yield of twenty bushels go the acre. The sample’ from Rathwell is fine. plump wheat. and will grade No. 1 northern. Both