. _~._.-.....,-..--...__a._ __ _.

quell t. 1 o!‘ 11h

the general cnngregatioilo since 1X70 ilitve I11-cu hold .in 1.11.- Vftlhtnll.

Bishop of til-tin. presides uvr-r (been congrngatlnnsr In which t-il-I cardinals lake ranlt and prccr-tlcnt-o from tho eiato of lllt-ii‘ PlI-(‘Illlil I. 1 1.i1~- pilrpie. il‘urmc:ly l-iioy llnll :1!.=-.1 to provide for the government , the papal states and to lx-prcss fTPll-ilfifli. dlrorders dui 11114 the in- terreguum. in the first m’ 1114-1111 congregations tile various taonstitu- tinus which govern iilr-. (‘(1fl"l.’t\'1Il arc. rc-ld and the cardinals-l tnlrc .:.!l oath 1o obsi-rve tilem. 'l‘i1rIr1. in thi- following days. the variou-s offic ~ of the cnucinvo, the conclavistlz. the nnufiveors and physicians null servants o1 various kinds a-re er- amineu or ltpp-lintx-d by :1 spccinl commission.

into Llle couclave u. secretary and 1-1. sc-rvitnl. the secretary usually oo- ing an ecclesiastlc. ill case of ill. uesa a third conciuvlsi may be 11.1- lowed_ will: nzroenlen-t or {he gen- eral congregation. All are equally sworn t.o secrecy 11nd also not to binder the election.

:1. large. mom, now u large part i-lle Vatican palace. including l'\\'t\ or three floors, is walled off_ and| the space divided into ltpnrtments l each with three or four l-lnlalll rooms or cell-s. in each of ‘ which are u. crucifix, ti. bod. a. table and :1 fcw chain-l. Access to tile cont-lav

in tree Lliiiflll-Rll one do01- onlv locked front within by the inur- .~".il:ii of the concinve. and iron within by the cnrdinud v-nmerleng."

Ivlfor the passage o1‘ food and ot-hor necessaries. gilardcti tron within and witiiotit. on tile exterlo by the authority of the lllllibiha. 11nd niajini" dolno. on the illlifrlnl by the prelate iLFNlKllNl to till-l tint; by idle three cu-rdiua-ls mentioned above. representative oi lilo thrcl. calvilnutltnl orders. Once t-lle con clavo begins the door l.~1 not. a.1.':t..1 opcilcd until 1i1c l-lor-tlon i.~ an» nouncrvl except. to ‘J-lliiill a cnruin :11 w-ho in latr in arriving.

Communication Forbidden

ii-

JANIIIARY 28. 1922

WAR THREW SHADOW ovER PAPAL 11131011

THE CHARLOTTETOWNuGUARDIAN

‘Willdfl. tutti-lulu; for

iriniting ‘an cveu greater eilnpiicluv u; able during lhb‘ LYOIIlJlOIIS days or .iu- l\':1i.---r l1i< ublnrrcnnlc o1‘ till- his 11r1niiflcatc. Visitors llavt- said action which bad shocked ihr- civil l-ll-‘l-i hi‘ llvctl 11.11 11|11i.'1i_\' ' puurcnl Hunt-II.

SYMPATHY WITH

Ways llhfilvilllflll! in nttiug and notwithstanding hi5 strict neutra-i ohservc.‘ lily iu tho war. he glroicrred to call’

ii "impartiality". telegraphed 1.-

..‘iI|I w lri: .

'l‘hc l'011c :1l\v.~ 4 rotznroctl ill.- liulll-il Stair-s :1.< a Wllllii")! \\'llli‘.ll tvouY-l play un important pal-l in bringing about |i11- 11.l1-i|'i:~:t|in|1 111’ 011111111; and 1111- lI!'|i tinting-111...-

l1u|-lug 1i1c rcccul lnovuilu-tii 111 ltotillzlno. 1b»- ltposi 1li1- llclcunlc in lrcir-nd nu \V:1~=i1i|1u"uu1 11c s 111. on FHVPF-ll inrm of Kovcrn1ne:1l.-.rv". ..~ on» to Wusidt-lli Wile-111 -\~

Benedict XV. 259th Succe silr oi Peter, Assumed Chair on September 6, i914'"lllil""’ll°‘ll-I ~

Died January 22, 1922-45111 interesting lketch oi His Life as the I Beloved Head oi tile Catholic Church. .

The election of a Pope in neithc: simple nor direct. 'l‘hc controver- siPS surrounding tho legal mean» for extension 1o this office hits been many in long iii-story oi‘ it». (‘atiln-ilc (‘hurch and have reunite". in a rather involved procedure.

Strictly speaking. however any male Christian who has rennin-d the age of res-non can be chosen. not. however. a llaretlc. a schism:- ilc. or “a. notorious simoniiu“ ‘Though since Urban Vi. (i.'i78-R‘)1 none but a. cardinal has been elect r-d i'ope_ no lair reserves _ to 1.11..- cnrdinalia uioue this right.

The procedure foliovrinl: 11110.1 tile Pope's death is set in molic-n by the cardinal cameuleugo, who as representative oi the Sacred (‘oils-ge. assumes charge or til-g papal household und verifies tile death oi’ the Pontiff. in the pres ence o1’, the ilouse ho strlltos the forehead or tile dead Pope three times with a uilvel" nlallett, calling" bim by his‘ baptismal name. Til-l i-‘lehermune ring and papal seulg .-l.ro then broken. A notnry draw.- np the act which is the iegul cviu uncr- 0t‘ the Popl-‘sllentll. 'l‘hc ob- seq-uio-l last nine days. .

Aieanwllille the cardinals have bcen notificti o1‘ the lmpeutiin ciccllon. and Lhosc resident in

llxllne await Lbi-lr a-bsent brethren. .

sting in the meantime at the functions tor lll- net-noted Pc-nllll’. (‘111-Militia alone iutve the light to vote in the cont-lave. 'l‘h-er mm:

however, be legitimately itpprllnte-l have the use m‘ reason and be

prevent in person. ‘Finis right is a.»

lihnwietigcd even it‘ they arc sub- ject. to for example c. oommuuicl: tlnn. or if thc cert-tubules of lllfll‘ "croatlou“ as cardinals have yci. n

be perforiuol‘... 'i'i1e cardinal calnorlcngo in u.“

slated by the beads of 1i1c l.|ll"iI1 .c:l.rtlina.iit.'ti orders known as ‘lit-l "Paplu Ordlnum

‘Phere are f:

"e four citrdiunl-s to 'l['»l".|‘

Bishop at Ostla Presldco

'l‘hc rardinal dcnn. always til--

iIZ-ach cardinal has a rllrht to tulle

oxclosulre. Papal legislation ldng since follbitiden the ‘once cus- tomary "cnpitullttions" election ngri-clueutil binding on tn.- ‘ew Pope; it is also forbidden tin- cltrdinal-s to treat o1‘ Papal su_-~_~..,_- ‘ qltill among LhflmnP-IVOS during l'ope’1= dilezime; however treat c-l‘ the

AIR . A " l v

Li$§"h°l'l:gmll_ ‘ll-it'l- cI-rr-l A11 clcc- i\:1tic_an authorities announced 1111-

aft - ) “mm” “ll-"lllfif-Ii Lin! PlIW-l plan for n (‘lll-isilnau trill-t "l" .3 lmlli llllll llfillfll ‘u. (EOHIPHI

the ca luilais llitfl-illlilfill.

in terrain number oi th. l-

lll"‘i"m»illfl.\l‘n <inrc thc fourlccnlh ccn

cl-ndldate 1111*‘, obtained-of cannons thundered an 11.115111". 1

Lb." .0 llencjiclfs itppcnl to "la,\ ilowu ‘lcc. . nIf-aillc i1-

rPllllift-Itl number" o1‘ vmog .:1rdin:1l dean nulls him vibethcr 11c‘ Will acct-pt the election

may cuter the concidvc. but oulyl rhnst wno nave received dcacnnfit: ordms have a rig-ht. to votc tlillexarwhni

may have rwalvou a Spun] mam} IHIIIIB he trishes to be known. Ilene-dict took 11p the tall-k m‘ ill-ing-

’ inhuir peace to :1 war-torn world, dc- In I lotcrs change or-‘Meelug that. on Fiibi'lli.i.l‘_v '1' 111-lenie- 1 d 1e _i 0011-1 have been open-mud lalty m‘ the Cat-hallo Fillfrcu. ‘n °lllllllll "lilmzrince is taken‘ ill". 119W Pope's :1.11:-we s. llnlnuiiateiy- the 1111111131 l ' v '> I - . 1 .

Jllmllcr» louel rile canopies o1 all. 11ml wlll. 'l‘hc ne 1 111-l chairs save tbul oil-tier. exercised 11'" Illltf-clecl. ant l1i- is touiluctedliive was n11 July 28. 191:7, 111.. 111-1 n-Ilgllborinp room, wberi- I clotircd in 11:111.1i K1ll'1ill"flt.<_ lflllildiS then tlll\'d.tli‘€

ach Pope talc-s .1 new 1|:|_n1(\_

ivllo lime been plat-outlived, not yo". elevated to the purple, arelcd entitled by a decision o1’ St. (113711 bot-h lo be present

in-cluiling Lite cnrdlnaleg and conclavists. there are perhapn-tgp 1- 250 persons in the enclosure. goverulneut of the cont-lave is the harms o1‘ the trill-din. gn lln-l of tne thrcc represents-liv- (‘ilf-‘Tlildlfl wllo succeed one nuoi i1 1- in nrdi-r of scniorily

urclnlcsl the cardinals‘

'i‘l1e1'< lied all nppeztl to all Ylllflfri. do I

lope tfncu ciiiicl" (‘flllllJlli 111'

I _ _ , _ _ WIIIIPIlPIIIHM; ffcrina him rcnsonahio condition.»- -\ 111 .1l~ upon l11.~: ilnuet" 1i1c l'1.-:;-. 1111' pom-c."

uiorniug c1‘ the l-Ecventb llill

1i1c. t'-'l.l'illli2l.l dean. Mil-r ma;

wllcrc the actual votiuz; tnlte- 111511-- 'i‘l1crc six candles arc lighted on’ the altar on which l~r.<1 1111- 11.litIi'i itild chalice to 11c 1w d in tll-" rcllnu‘ 'l‘hc 111111111 tiiroui- is l'\.‘|lllY\'I‘(l. P.1-

orc 11:11-11 r-lluir is :1

li lbc Popc happens not 1o bu.‘ lli-"nop 11c Iilll:'[ 11c 1011:. :|("'O‘1liilt: in itulur-morizl l 1151111111. ll all‘: 1111i :1 bishtrp llll'l' ‘ plat-e only 1i1c .~‘11lt-'lllll 111-aw -

ictiun iron: 1i1c 111111111-111 111' plot; (in tin- 1‘ lll‘WlllL' Puuliny o'- "":ll_v ll.i_\' tallies pint-c. :11 tbc 11111111- c:||"din:-i-tIe:1."o11. ‘li1-

l’1":l,v1-l'.=- .1rc said by a bi<l1np the ballots are (ll.\‘l"1lll| cd 11.1111 tilcn wll

d-lic lllt- litlW l‘o11c. dart-s tho 51-11 ~r-pt tili- cuminnls, 0111-. o1‘

111' bl~ pt-Iillllflilli‘.

‘Fiterc are four posslilic form, » '

MASSES DOUBLED

_. 1.1111111. aces-cults. qua 119111111“ 1.... --1.0nK1-¢11_-_1111n11,1' ‘usuci form is tiutt m‘ ecriltliluru. M‘. secret. ballot, and in it tile .\'llf‘('l‘.‘ mine e. cry tlflldll both or’ Llrs- 1111:1111 "il-"dl'l"'"" "THIIlIP-i ll "W" nodules of thc Pope and of tho 11rc~l\""l*‘- ""‘lll-‘*l\"" "l lllr‘ "W"- pnranionu I01" the cool-lave. All ma’ Il-IIPTI? l“ Il-FH of lmoprlance are rl-fr-rrcti tollllcll- l-lIII llilllm "l ll‘ w11_1(-_11wbich, liko nil 1.1111 u1i1r.. idniquisilalrll- Ly :1. ll-vt o1 Script-111- wri1.1.r-|1 on om- of 11a oiltnidl- fold. l.~l omn-Ili-iil mall.- cure Ibni be llid not vote for illm-w-li’

-l'1lll» 2'l<"l'-'l-lll""- 'l'lc iuiiuizill-d that .\.m1I1"ic":1 lui;l11 -ll"Xll‘-° ‘l"‘"“liclulitl-nr to i-oucilia ‘ -i‘llf'i‘l‘f1 drnpt-tl ill mouriug and t.il<--.,1.1111 |11-]|IL{1‘1't“ill.I%. 'l‘hc- pmi- t-llllth‘ l. "lll-“l""‘~‘l W“ ‘lmllllml ll."11t. :1 Iilul- when the llnltcd Slflllfidl v ' ' -l°="'~ 1111i (iulu11:1n_v wurr- I11 Hlfl uiltim" ll‘Il'il Y IlI‘l lll" ll" l"‘l“'llll ill ll"W‘"‘l 11' n Illllllliliilllt‘ rri-lle. null ‘.\lr. \\'|1- .11 iiu- Pope's dl-atil. 'l‘h»..11'l-l1i>1-:l\u11til-l-lzlrcd |i|:t| 1h»- 1111. 110111111113 ‘qluk-gflqllflng 1-111- 11,111,. 1'“ llIl-“ll ll I'- “-ll int: about pour-c. 'l‘hc. ucmt commuu - l" ""111 .1.1on 1111111 r111- Vlllittitll to 171-- il"lI.l\\‘i1i1c liousr- l'.'|l|'ll" on .l:111i1:1.1'_i' lIi l'iIl“'ll-'l'.'llll7 null 1711|11n|11cd 11m .'|.1111-'nv:1| llilllllilllllbfllily ilonr-ltici oi’ tbc l'i‘t".\‘lllfll'il'.<l 'Il1‘lll '3 Pllllilll lillllll- i‘-‘l“lll'=ll"--'l pfulvt- iItrli‘. 'l'l1rr-1- tu-ulLlL-I latl-r lip-l

'lllll't lit‘! litroilgiloul

ii|‘..o\."1--;l in thou-u.

'l‘h» lilililul- in‘ |l1--

Secret Ballot Held. 11%| .I"¢II'. ‘\\‘=I* l'Illl'I\‘-'I'll I‘l"<"'l.\ llyiliuilcil $11111»: l1t-1'1~t-li' i111-l r-woril-dt ‘i-Illluil |l1‘- fl.l‘lllll‘illllll‘lll oi':1.r1u.< {l-llvl _ on lin- :|li.:1|' iu limuc win-rI-lv-ntr-l-l-d thi- szll-ulzplr- on llit- um- 11.1"’ . . . . 1 1111- 1111:1141- 111‘ 1l11~ .\.11u1 |.~ vt-ucizil l|hql \_llil'-.~'. - .

Each (‘JTlllI-‘ll dcp-lslie i1i-= Villl‘ in t-ilc chalice on 1i1c :1l1.:1r and :11‘ tho Hfifllfi 1.1m:- luhllfi 1i1c Mew-Hi "'l‘c.-11.o|" (‘hrintuul 1111i. lflfifllillllflllllnl?‘ ---'I "I" ""14 111111.111 e-l-l-uuum ileum lIlIllIll doberu oi. quod ldcm 1vraclztbo." -wi1ic.h. il'.‘l.fl.\‘ll'ilf‘ll l»

1i1c Popc. M1111 nil (l1“.<1l11I|' l‘.

1

1 tJul <114-1-.".<ar1|- m‘ Si. Poll-r as <1i11r---11--’1-;1111_1-1y1.1111_ 15-111;- 111-um". vlll-lllllllfl-‘lin own haudvvriting l Phurl-b. begun his poulificaie

who will 11o my judgc. that l 111111 cit-cling thc one wvhom. llccorvilnlt, Ito (ind. 1 11mm old-111. 1o 1n- 011-111

iutc-cd upon its four _\‘~-.1r.< of w:1.r.§1v_-11-_ 1'11.» 1111- salt:- of l1u|n'1||il1\'. Ppou runny lWPfifilIHlh‘ l||l|‘lli}.' war bc cndcHYItP-‘Il llflllil IlIWd-nlnilgcs tu bc rcpnircdi uud as to l0 .-'I- iWll-lwtlle wnr exponscl-l. wc. .~‘1-1I n1 1111.

m" this "lwlln" l“, “WWW MIN“. l" "lllllllill"lmeau-s of solving 1i1c um-szlon than '

tilrce cardinals tnl-rutntorcnl chose-I hy lot cur-ii time to prr-aidc. over the operation of votinfl. U11‘ others (rl-WISOFPR) to control count, of their colleagues. mid stilll tllree others (lufirmariil to collect" tin- buliots of the sick-and nhsetlt cnrdlnabl. if the sick cardinals can. not intend the ilnilntlng thcli illn-

I “:1 lnessr-nzcl- (loll st-nt

f‘. 'l‘hc war ht-iwr-cn 11.1.1?’ and .\u..~. trill. ill brtll o1‘ which peoplcs‘ 1i1c (‘fliliflllfi religion predominate lwan pnrticulnrly :1 KFB-lll- >l°l'l‘°“‘ l"

Meanwhile, 1t conciave. formerly

‘flicre are four openings proviii

"1 l-be I-vening of tho tomb tiny on RIWQIHII ti-rn-o i111-i been co r-v fill-er the Pope's dot-case. unit-nu nu rncmcnt nmomz tin- mirdiuulw 111-Ii ""1"? Ibu- liaa been nil-dlrnr-d. il."'c1'v.1.h1u om- oi‘ 111:- mrdlnnls. Illltlff‘ ‘.1- {Irw-nutlon I11 lllmn to oxclnd-Vlniz the ne-ncmbiv. hone who have no right within the name ot a candidate with the wold:

three intiml-urii go to their and brinz "back their voteet in a i111 |t.o the three cardinals 1 ‘wiio count t-llem and pilt them 111- the chalice with the othcrfl.

Then all 1i1c ilallotn ll "'1..~l'l1a.ken 11p 11nd countcd. it the unlu-

'l‘l1o.-:e nca.r "to l1in1 said he ileprocntetl rile (l-crulan lion n1’ Belgium. When the tauin vrns sunk be tciegraphei to the tileu EYTIIIPPOI‘ William his ab-

isilocltcd the world.

said to have i-mnblln-ll tllc states lUIL-‘lllli of P0110 Leo Kill with the truce ul‘ his inllnelhnhe or. lie eu-ionvored. it

uni 1i1c itieals nnd

electors, the rliulici- i= ilrouiiht ‘to’ the tnlllc and tbc ballots. on tut-l .out-sitie of wilicll appear the names; 'oi‘ the i-niltliiltttcei. are pas-Act wind to blind to tile tilirll cnrdln who ri-uiis tile IJiliilPfi aloud. "rencut are providl-d with l1.“ .l-l:-i1 Illt‘ names ct’ all the 1'

world war which broke llll‘ saddened tho first [four ycars of his pnntlflcnte Mlrcv-"llteil the fulfillment of sonn- ' lll-rl aspirations. ‘ Oni- 111‘ 1i1c incidents of bis pun ztlficni career was tllc visit which 1 , _. - . .-

ii‘ upon tile illx-u ballot no c11ndi-|'- r‘“l‘l‘°"l “lllml Wm m l‘(‘i'i!l\'l.'S tbc ncccsv-n1'_\’ tw" third-n vote. recourse is often 11:11! o the form of voting known _ ‘Pills form is dcsilzncti 11H "nu-lip: t.o lmnten elections and u-u lily conl-ildcred to favor the chnn ms oi’ tllc candidate who has 1i1c All unr- the ordinar- ‘llilul-s aznin. with tilli-i dliTcrcur-c | ilnt if thr- elector wlsbos 11.111 vole;

or thi- i-nrlliurtie to check oil’ Ill" wvtes as tllcy are rcnll. o‘ llree cnrdinni rcvlsors vcriiy tlirl’ "ceult. which is pvoclnltucd nu rlcl-

icnt wont to ilomc iiflm‘ ["|1t’ilil1l£ flf l-lll‘ 111 Paris. Sor-inl :11ld oils wcrt- discusscli. it is staid, (in. ‘up; tin- private mulir-ncc. l-"rlnclusion m‘ u-lllcii 1'01"‘ ll""“‘ll"' 1."...§,.1111.1i to lllt-l irur-sl u lmudsolu- litiaillv l-t-prnducim: (luido muons picuirt- of Ht. Pelt-r. vuluI-I!

Pcucc (‘nub-relic-

‘VIORI

writns

All MllITlllllllP-lllllil Wll-ll l-ll“ ‘llll- ‘iutnlzcs his Wlto 11c iutrotlucca 1i1c: hid“ Isl ptrlctlv forbidden undcl" 1min or ice-l or cfficc II-IIII b1111- ule Fflqltlreti twothlrdil 111cm r-xconununlcziliou. A cardinal

SMALL MAN PHVSICALLV 1m“ M m“ "UNI" chow‘. Ono of 1i1c sulnilest 1mm Dlll’"‘l 1.311., pvt-1- plcl-it-tl to tbc nhnlr or. 1111-. former (‘ordinal iii-ll

novci" l‘\|ll'\f‘llltl in bc 11111:" wnunrod b_\'-tin‘ Hut-rod ('°l"ll~"‘- "ll" '-< 1111M to bnvl- wl-pt lvb-i-u illlllfh- ~,1 111 111g flll"'|l1\ll. lln woull hur-

obutincti the ballots nrc. coninlm-I-l may leave tho leonr-izlvi- in cam» n1 111 11 P']\y(§_\yh(\14n “111111111-11 (Winn-IQ St. Pct fillllldlfli-IR t certified tinder bill-h by .1 ilhyoicinnl'iind_ roll-in. not so :1 ($11,111.11 cnnc-invlilt. Within. tho cnrdlnnie llvo with gm,“ 7,11, o; 121-09,"; their tmuclnviste in the. 0111b. ‘fhmlkh 111i merds 1m- taken in pr. vale thny nm lu-rvorl from n. com mn-n quarter. inn. great cliro is 111k cn to provoni. written communica- tion by 1.1111: wily. Tim (lfilllfl oi the 111-111, cardinals or» covnIrr-rl with cloth. 111111-11 nvorv day. in the Yllnrilltl’ 111111111‘ ll‘ 1i1c. cardinal wlls “croni- ' ma" by the lust IIopo; green if not.‘ When they wlsdi to 1111 unllllu.llrhl-.rl.1 llloy clone tho door of their (wile I-iIc fr-‘lmcwori: oi‘ which 11: in 111- P-llllil“ "f ll. l-‘t. Andrew's cros-s;

“co-ml: n. window of tlic

4mm“ P111111 my n1 111111-"1, (‘arlilnal

Whon thorn in no wwlcction. iltradv ‘m’ ‘wchmsnml, ‘fir "mung"

In mlimd with Ilil‘ ballots: to FllI-W‘ by its thick emnim to tho-w \\"llllll

v-I-t-litir- Him there h~= ill-cu no I l1 ~- Thore nrc alwava two r111 n»

.111.“ m- 1111- 1111111011 oi‘ renowned» filv Illrihl upon "onc frail hrnin"

-\'fil'l'l conflict turn ln-lnl: 1.1111 i1i.~" lififll‘ that. it. would tIIIlP-l-ll "d. tlul- tvccit 11I'l.cr his cor-Ionian- whl-u tilu Fizhc -1n11u‘ ‘i111-mi upon hie “III'.'¢‘I' ll“ 111 Itnl-ycilcul [-1 1i1c P'Il~""IiIiII‘.\' ‘-

and |.n thr- ovoninz. 11nd they 111-n: Ipy two to 1.11m». buurs onob.

Otimr forms of cicciinvl uindc v-l mom. inlpnnrlbie by the icIri-dntlon o! (iropory Vi. arc known 1111 qun ~1- lneplrnilou nmi compromlno. 'l‘hc conclnve npcne officially furmcr wuppnnr-e 1.11111 111-for:- a iziv-

,_--ylllf'llilll‘l' wllll lllr- 11111111111111“ llci on nlutt- tiiuu ont- ocl-ailiol: lad billigo-ra-tlt -uul1|.1"i--s. 11111111111111-1111-11 directly 1o 1i1c lri=l1 llfi-"llfcilw- 1111 |i1i.-1 subject. and ha“ nvur ul‘ 1i1c conclusion o1‘ 111111-1-

llls opinions. lnu- was |l1.- noli- 111- st-u: uu .\u; ' 1H1“. |l1-I --:l.rly stages. of the cilulcr

I 1i1c P-ritlsii (‘ubiuct

.l.111 lmdl- 1111111"-

nm might anvil-it in r-uuciliilllun |l1-I

iiin i111-st 11111111111111: 1~1‘1‘ur1 iu

l. iillT. to :1l| 1i1c Poww-r». wl1i1-l1 ma..-

lilo rr-prcsolll:l.l.ivl-w-1‘o1"vr:trd-~1l 1o lncsiuctil Wiin-ou P 11111121- lilrouirll l-Zntzianti, 11>- ihl-ro nrl- n11

1:‘ tile Slim l-‘ciu. :1 mr-sszuzl- imm diplomatic Pfllillltlih‘ in-tuwu-u lb.-

llo Valli-111 1o ille lloliuc»: w» pulr-‘cli by :1. t-t-rlnin l-l ..<~ 1 ‘ ..n llllginlul as hi-fll:

.0t\nv--r_ tlF-F ' ‘was falling ‘Ibecause oi‘ tile 11111101.» m- 1‘Il‘|'|"II 11r-1:-1-1-¢l1-1| 111 i114 . Ilelczatc illon m‘ :1. certain power." ltr-pori- l "lll ' . r body to ivcre that itu-zsl

not b-z-cn 11fnsct1 to ;i('t'|lll(’.,-‘t‘0. Along :1 lhou- ‘op- r111 ‘1-11- n-nl l;- .~. nri miles or ilattl-s-fronl. tho foil ram 1-1 itlhw; " "licrc 1:.'i upfln the.

11nd ‘Hickey balllv 1 -

lowing (filristmaii Day. LlIOIISZIIIOs In

‘0111 urlns.“ v Again. on Jil-llllflfy 1B. i915, |'0[l1<.

narougllout the world should unit-- -n services 11nd prayer for thc 1"1-.~

‘mm’ f ‘v ml _ _ I 1 V 111111-1111, 11110 ;~111110_-".|l.~i.-=r11. vci-ich. he fclt. hail pros n ° “““"'"-‘ “lllfl- -~' -. v. 1~= 1111-11 :11 1mm- 11111» 1n r-es-tvcrcd 1111-11-1" 111-- crlmnlcIc lrccdomi- ' " ' l‘ 11.111". cn November 21, 137,1 [Hg or (‘nixed Slilivs ruin. l“"“" “ll-r was v '

lr-y of tile w ', ivhs-n i101

ring iinn. "I11-wed he lie win. il-.~"t _fl.\‘if‘iiil.\' thc olive branch andl 1 ‘cudcrs ills hand to tllc enemy in

APFEALED TO KAISER

-u|d in"- rv sacri '

Ilvsivr-s". he said. “but . 1nd)" 10 lnalke llle not-e

’ i'rci'i-111.<l_v ib-ncdict 11:11.

4'.-i.\‘.'

"I.< Jr: "fill oi‘ .»\u.\"i"a tlhlililf-Z 11 "I-"ltlrtl-n thl- war". and lilicwi muu/lcd 1i1c tlleri l-Iulpcrol- of tic‘

|‘1o wr-uirl _l-.'1_v dmvn tbl- txntrc o1 . ltllilll.

l|1 .\ia.1v_ lfllfi. ‘hltlllsltillfll’ Imu- l-utm. Papal dell-zalr- 1o \\':1» F -" 111m. dr-ilvcrcrl 1o l'i'fi§ll1‘.Ili l‘- l;1 Iilf*~‘§.i.l:,’i‘ from tlu- l‘:111c i1- \\"|l

‘I 1111-. l-lur.

mu. i.11 bin 1w-11lv dill ll-Il Pllellltlilll 1 1

l1: i"1-

(lu Autrusl S, iilli‘, still iloncful o1‘ saving 1111-. world from a veri-uinlo.

1‘a.rl1ou.-1 l“-"l

nppcai to Illl‘. nations. I-xhnrlillll: lu- lw-lilgelw-nt r1111 rs 1o r-nd

Onc pn." nire rend:

1111-. iiillI Wllltrll llitu hccn 1|.1'1'1>c1iol1 ‘bv submitting 11s n itt-ilcrul princ -' l‘ " lI-im lli’ J-plr- contplctr- and rociprucrti 1'11. r (‘0lTl"l\lllllIll' loualion. which would bc lustlflr ‘ ‘Will

port-over by the lmmenw hflflfh} '1 he derived from disarmament ‘ l‘"‘

1 lunch no than no one will uudr. "'l ‘ll ltand the continuation of :1 similn F" cilrunge. solely for tile P0350115 .- 1 "F l‘ '11! economic order." 'l‘hc Pop: ilrwevor, rccmnulentlcd the evncu

eelf-delcrlnina-tlon nnd freedom (li'_ email nations. i-Jarller in that yea 1 (1917. he 11nd nlvarncd 1i1c (lfifllnfili, nd émntrinu rulers that a "lulu ‘c-ls" submarine policy would itlieu ate tile sympathy of :1li neutrals.‘ \\'l1on ilerlln put out one oi‘ her I11-i zluluelwible peace ‘Ieelcref’ Benc. W ii"1 in reply. 111.. d UPHllliilfv lt'l

zlnn ."|\'llli1ilS and rwarlrlatc nil uu‘tl

xileu. I11 Si-pielnhcr 1918. the Vail ‘ Hope. iuilowllltf lll counsellor. _ _ 01111, and of Leo .\'i-_ll. Plus \ 1i1c Pace only when lntited to do .~"- -.1‘ g ief tor not lluvlug llccn dbl" 1y bulb Irroups of ililiigcrcnts. I '1 pwveut ‘ ‘ V ' wan-nil». xv. ~*.\'Pl‘ll‘-l"“l 71!“: "l"

. . -»1 1 m atop m‘ 111i it!

PROTESTED T0 GERMANY V 1“It1‘1h1:.\‘:;l “MM WON“ mph“. ‘- 111 Univ-d t-ualcs 111-cubicl-

1111 finally zlnntw-tlnccd it wouidl --r lake steps toward bringing ltbou f

Pniucd by tile sllciliuq nl P111"

cm :1 protest. to l-ilupcrol- Fharle. ' “ri- -|‘ Austria nud to 1i1c licriin tin". _ "

3 \ . . . - .-»-'.-Xu1. 1111111111. 12.111151 “lint ilc chalacttl ill-G‘ lxzlfisnnflig“ dmlmmmv Mm ion> with d Irllcillcl- (‘uiilollic ‘or hating“ udru- 1i1c iiritieh (‘r-nc 1i .\iicub_v i 11c.-cc.d1-d 1n 11111111.: <1 - _ I l‘(‘.\‘l"lllill.l\'l‘< in the t-iltiz-c ilflrlll -1:1n prnns. According 1o 1i1c itolu- 11.11 1i1c 1-\ "illlml ‘ll m“

.- - . -- .- K . '. :1 -l:l11-- in i-Itmlpc 111.1 .it..~.~4.1t,cro on llttnillllu ¢ . l‘ll 1.4:...“ n" m“ _“m1r|1.;,111.0111111 I

cod as ‘is wanton ul. r1-." 'l‘hc Pnpl-‘s gluiillcntinii ore" tb- apluro of .lcru.='1ie11l by t.l1c .\lil1-.~

7

.1u.<c.1 luttl-r (’(1fIiill"'|lI= lu |l1-- tic;-

. fr-w darn still-r 1111-. 1‘:l.ii of tit- loly (‘||_v. lp- ival-tlr-d (‘bristlau till-INS auraluilt. nidiulz thl- ‘Purim l1-‘ n1 .l.1‘l.ili‘liiL‘ it. l "t! i7

P11111- iioln-Iil1-1.'s atiiludl- imvarii 1.1 Nuninio 1H lu- Ponce (‘onfcri-nr-u or lillll wuwfnlitui to IIIIVI‘ nu llll‘ I m“ "l. .1111 lo buv» iwr-n llllt‘ o1’ |':1ti1crl\ Iwoiutcd all Pcl-llli! llmllg‘

tillflllllllri. Ell-Fly lu the prcvlollivluwvlllrln of till- l H‘ n | Iw-I-cmbr-r In u lettcl- to Prcllldnnlf dt-nt. who. it 111641.114. fol-IT‘ -l-' Vlisrou. 11o ploudwl for uid on ln- ‘ - l‘=IiI-"l ""l'""‘-“"'" "N" ' .l‘i'ct't. iilcir rlziu or pmierl :11 lu 1i1c l-‘nr P111511.-

'1a.l1' o1’ opprnesod nuilonalltice nnillmizh a

l-nor conmllitcd 1.1141 l-tulr-il of n1: |l1-- (‘illlifllli

.'1~.. 31111111- nut-ruin‘!-

l .llc1" by

unlfilr-r- ill any form.