_ while

Aupusr 24. 191i

g¢_-—_._-

rHE uuAki.u'i"i‘i.~;'ijt)wN

MARSHFIELD.

I CONSERVATION 1

a WEEKLY COLUMN or raucous-r. OPINIONS or rue vzrsr. ISSUES AFFECTING was uses am: ABUSES or NATURAL mssoimcas a! 1m LUDLOW saunas

i\f.-'.S'l LIMA‘ INACTIVIZTY

A bccalmcd sailing vessel flying

l m: of distress was noticed by a ;,»._=.=.r.g steamer. Upo-n drawing near .0 offer assstance. it was found 2a.; the sailors were suffering " lqy from thirst although their o was floating in the frestri wat- ihe Amazon River which i.s d far out to sea. "Canada may be said to resemble the bscalmed sailing ship. The flag i.‘ unemplycment seems to be nail- r] to the masthead while self- ~tiug civic. federal and pro- work projects of outstand- g importance are ignored.

111p policy of the dole seem to h"'Q pefmflulfd our entire system. No longer is the unemployed indi- v; ml alone an applicant for re-

Thc varicus governing bodies, ¢_ munlcirial and prownnial are l __ rum for assistance from each rzin r from the Federal Govem- "phi without. of coilrsc. assuming ally compensating obligations. whie vii‘ oi them are patiently waiting m prosperity to ccme around that iiiuszve corner instead of exerting lSC]\'(‘S in co-operatlon to build _ cnt progress for all. when forest fires occur of strong- IV _.'.i$pt"(‘t‘.‘d incendiary origin stim- ui ‘ed bvthe hove

: a [In hour paid to fire fighters. there i» a siiuatirn that obviously mer- it; ‘ho s"rious and immedrate at- tention of our governments.

All other important countries of u.- world have mitigated their p2‘ bicm of unemployment with w; Jor-ivages programs oi which modem arterial highway construc- ion. forestry and irrigation are the n14 t usual. hada has had much unemploy- mmi fora number 0f years bul a worthwhile remedy has been just around the corner. The demoraliz- iiig and vicious dole has been made aziilnbe not only to the aged and iin- invalid but to the strong and ablu- bodied as a t-smpoary malls‘ uro until something perchance should happen to make everyone prTSpCIOUS and happy. But the re- suii has resembled national stagna- fir."

2 m a a 2 a fl

ore are many homes where . and children lack proper food a clo" iiig because the husband IOfl irrs cash to spend his time in drunken idleness. Other homes have 12st ambition and even hope of ac- wznpizslimcnt and foster Commun- is‘ c doctrines.

L"i."l‘.llllfl_\'l’l‘.-‘llli in the United g, c5 ivas recognized as princi- rx a national problem to be met tr national and not Stale or l0- ril rcspcnsibillli" 3551111118 that w-nwe earners. through the spend- Ill’ of their wages. provide emphy- t for many othrrs. ‘York-M'- s projects were developed there fHEl‘ possible .-..or ton years of serious depres- B‘!l‘.l ilic United States have thou- sands oi m’lss oi splendid high- ways and a magnificent system of hxrlily developed national parks. liinhons of young trccs ivorc Plllll’ r i many large irrigation and powcr projects were con- utcd. Theivsult of this states- hip is n01; only national pro-

but a contented population who know that much of the ex- prndziure has barn on self-liqui- num: projccts likcly to develop iivo profitable national invest- owls

T.l(‘ healthy sum of $l42213l74 w... addcd to the normal income of the State of Wyoming by tour- iszs in i937. according to the re- p"i'l of thc United States Depart- nirnt oi thc Interior. Wyomlnl- hiv ng considerably less than three hundred thousand inhabitants. is a comparatively small State with many physical features similar in time of Western Canada.

Through the Federal policy of n'.'rl"i'ii highway construction and p. K playground development. this s uclld tcurst income has 89H developed there. Visitors to Wycm- ing have spent tihollsfllldfi 0f dol- lars on fishing and hunting licen- scs dione and it is estimated that orcr nnc million dollars were spent i.r goscline during the thrce sum- mor hclidny months.

711s amount of $14,221,774 spent in Wyoming benefits the other St il('S as wcll and much of it finds way back to the Federal Gov- ..l out though various channels ' xition. Ii is not obvious that w k ior wages on highway con- iiz-u-iion. fonrary, irrigation and link dcvrlolzincnt projects in West- v.11 Canada would be most. desir- a‘: i ?

\.'<- have been told again and a- that higluvoys are Provincial n". ilzdsral projects. The same ‘ c 1n thc United Slates. and ilic various Slatrs rcqulr- . cal-operation t0 con- llli‘ r aricrial highways and vrly dew-lop their parks. so s. Pzt hicis of Wcslxrn Canada rm not alone undrrtake- these pro- . » ill an' nianiicr likcly to pro- .0 wortitsvhilo results within a r..i~.onubc time; but just. as the rsultof thc Federal acticn in the Stat: of Wyoming is returning a

u s n l!

(‘F

flinl RllWIQC-Allll! annual inccms to lie I-“dcral Government. so will sin lur prcjcchs in thc Western

niccs become Federal invest- "11 ‘ llll‘0\l'1ll the assured success v l tourist businrss which they

W ll crcitc. Tourists desire most oi all a change of environment, Iliuuiiildi _v if t*is change is in som’ country otnrr than their own. \\ We thrlr Jul‘ language is spok- cn and ivlirro thry find much that iricrrsts tlivm. including the pos- 5 ?ll_-.\‘ of busincsa opportunities. Umilllllull business with pleasure

ls a’ popular laolicy. ‘““1_TY'I\ Canada. ‘n addition to ‘pling innumerable opportuni- Or profitable investment - "d modern higlnvny trans- i pro-i available -has most living conditions in its in- u: _ cl male. its crystal- M (rink n1: ivater. its cool. rest- IH ulfzns. and its entire freedom -.m vnomous reptiles and insecfs. a” its deishtfuly diversified 531x10? and environment presents reg? ld "Pllfrrtuntirs fcr outdoor mlafllvn. Unfortunately. and Y thrwzh lfllling mama the

tones iii lnnvQxrn iLgllwdj’ develop. merit. Western Canaca IC|najn5 a One-Hui) country dependent. to a very large extent upon world-ividc conditions for the marketing of its crop should it escape the droutli. hjll. grasshoppers or a season of wet weather or frost after the grain has been out. Modern arterial high- Wflys bring in the market in the cars of the tourisfs for much of the Drcduct of mixed farming for which ffliere now exists only a triv- ialqflllocsélv market.

e es mer Ls a confirmed op- timist. He has to be or the uncer- tainties of h:s crops would soon discourage him.

He has had a long series of dry seasons when his crops were lost hut. always hoping for better luck next year. he has strained his resources to plant still another crop. In many instances, Western farmers through no fault of their own. unless striving to succeed un- der these uncertain conditions could be called a fault. have found them- selves in most deplorable financial situations.

Cases under the runners‘ Credi- tors’ Arrangement Act indicate mcst amazing situations. A mort- r...ge of $2.700 on which $2.026 has ben paid has a balance st‘ll due of $3.266. A $12,000 mortgage now a- mounts to 820.892 although $7,906 has been paid. and there are hun- dreds of similar cases where loans were contracted to carry on farm- ing operations which. with good or even normal crops and contin- nation of markets. would have been paid either from the sale of the crop or from the wages formerly available in the lumber camps and mines dluring the winter. The milk, butter. eggs and hogs. usually pro- fitable sidelines, and through u very uncertain market almost as uncer- tain as the grains crops.

Contrast this condition witih that 0f Wyoming where 1.206.800 tour- ist visitors provided a profitable market for all the farm produca that could beraised there and mud“ brought in from neighborin States

Is it not obvious that Fe eral as- sistance in work-for-wages pro- Jects in Western Canada ls much more profitable than the present policy of the deplorabLe dole? It would probably be less expensive as those working for wages would obviously provide work for many ot-hers.

Prosperity is not. Just around the corner. It is lined up on the south- ern border of Western Canada eag- erly awaiting modern highway in- vitations to come in and benefit all Canadians.

MlllMQ-‘Fhis bulletin carries a

most important message to mem- bers of the Canadian National Parks Association and through

them to all Canadians. Public op- inion must be aroused to the point where it becomes effective in pro- ducing active publlc policies in the hands of the governing bodies in furtherance of the indicated ob- jectives. There are no less than one hundred and thirty million poten- tial customers ior Canadian farm produce. and Canadian goods of mamy kinds. resident south of the forty- ninth parallel. Thcv own and operate over twenty-eight million motor vehiciea —-more than enough to carry them all into the Canad- ian retall markets. No other coun- try in the world than Canada has such a volume of business within reach and awaiting development. For the purposes of this business all Canada is to be regarded as one general store. Informed public opinion must see to it that the doors are opened wide tollct in these customers by the million and that is synonymous with causing the Dominion and Provincial Gov- ernments to build al the modern arterial highways in Canada which the traffic can use.

Canadians can cash in on this magnificent volume of export busi- ness on retail market prices. True prosperity in large dimensions cer- tainly lies that way. But Canad- ians must first issue orders to their public managers to bulld the re- quired modern arterial highways. When they do. and mean what they say. their managers will a~t accordingly -A. B. MACKAY. President. Canadian National Parks Ass.

Fall Rye For Pasture

(Experimental Fzms News)

F‘all rye has proved to bc one of the best crops for early IPHHS P85- ture. Seeded as early as August l fall rye wi.l usually provide some fall pasture that year. but if seed- ed later than Sepismber l5 it should not. be grazed uutil the fol- lowing spring, states F. S. Nowosad. Division of Forage Plants. Domin ion Experimental Farms Service.

Fall rye seeded alone in the spring is not a vcry good supplcmcntnrv pasture to a permanent summer pasture but if seeded in a mixture with oats. it will produce good yields of nutritious and palatable foragc. At first. the bulk of thc forage will be oats. although oven at that time the fall rye will give a good “botfom" to the pasture. I. not grazed too close, fal. rye will continue to supply considerable pnstun: until freeze-up.

The use of fall rye for early spring pasture is brroming increas- ngly popular. In erperimrnts con- ducted at most Branch Expcrlnczi- tal Stations and at Ottawa. fall rye has provided from two t: four weeks of early spring pasturf‘. _i‘ judiciously hand ed. and was rezioy

at least two weeks before other pastures could be grazrd. Following early sprink llftllll"

the land may be crowed. cultivat- ed and secdel to other crops such as corn. mlllot. sudan grass or rap? In this way it. is possible to grow fall rye for oa=ture without serfovs- lv changing the usual crop rota-

n. Fell rye should be seeded at i 1-2 to 2 busbeln 5f wad-rd a‘o'ie 0r at l. bushel if seeded in a mkrture with 2 bushcls of en's pvr acre. Tho varieties recommended are

- NEWSY

NOTES -

B! AGRICOLA

Tum. can-m ivucijliEUUR. i2)

The history of the MacGregurs at Gicnfruin had been won at a Lflillllg loss of life to the victors. and only one man of note. the UTOUICI‘ o1 MacGrcgci‘ of Glen- strac, perislicu on that gory field. ‘Ilie ultimate consequence of the tight, however, was tragic to the clan. Eleven score women. widows or those slain on the side of the Colquhouns. dressed themselves in deep mourning. and mounted on white horses. came before King James VI at Stirling. to demand venegeance on the MacGregors. To make a deeper impression, each bore a spear on which her hus- band's bloody shirt was suspended. The King. it was wcll known. was always painfully affected by sights of fear and sorrow; and the result was that measures’ of extreme severity were determined against the victorious clansmen.

The Privy Council, therefore. in 1603 -the year after the bottle — issued a decree abolishing the very name of MaoGrcgor; all who borc the name were ordered. llllflfil‘ pain of death. to adopt other surnames. a proceeding without parallel in the annals of the country. All who had taken part in the battle of Glen- fruin and other mnrauding expedi- tions vvcrc condemned. under thc some penalty. to carry no wcapon but a pointless knifc. to cut their victuals. The same penalty was ordained against any of the race who gathered in greater numbers than four at a time. Laws of this kind were c-nactcd from time to time. to kccp up the ban on tlie unfortunate sons of Alpin.

The carrying out of those statutes was assigned to the Earls of Argyle and Athol. whose territories almost hemmed in those of the doomed clan. The Marquis of Huntlqv also assisted in thc fulfilmont of thcsr drastic mcasurcs Stubborn and brave. the clan rcsistzd [or a limo; but at last the chief. Allistcr Mac- Gregor of Glenstrae. was convinced of the necessity of bending before the storm. He and his principal fol- lowers surrcndercd tn Argyle. after stipulating that they should be sent out of the cou try. Tlioy were shamefully bctraycd. Argyle sent them "out of thc country." over the English Border, under guard; but they were immediately brought back to Edinburgh and thrown into prison. On the 20th of January. i604. tlioy wore tricd and con- demned to death. and the scnts-nco was carried out at the Cross of Edinburgh. MacGrrgor bring hand- ed on a higher galloivs than those of his dependents. to mark his rank Bcfore his dcath the chief- taln made a confcssion iwhicli is still nrcscrvodi ilint. ltroscnts fl iorriblo picture of thc slriio among the clans at that pcriod.

Though the cltinsmcn yicidcd to the neccssllv of taking nthor sur- names. at. least in public. fllfll’ obsllnnfeli’ held tn ll‘i"ll' mountain strongholds. from which nw c):- crtkuis could cxpcl fliom. Known bv the names of Campbell. Drum- mond. Graham or Stewart. as might be convcnlcnt. they still rc- tained their indlvldiinlliy as a clan without a nnmc. Tll"\‘ niadc foravs iii unison as formcrlv and still moitaccd ilicii" oucmlcs. Charles I had no clioicc thoroforo bvt to r0- vivc all the sictutos made against them by his fnllicr.

“Ye-t." says sir Walter Scott. "notwithstanding the extreme scvcritics of Jfimos VI and Charles I. airulnat. this unfortunate pcoplu. who wcro roudcrcd furious bv pro- scriniion. and tlicn punislicrl for vlcldiniz to the passions which hail been wilfully irritated. the Mac- Gregors to a man atncliod them- selves during thc civil war to the cnuso of the lnttcr monarch." This kcpt tho sorc-vcxod clan in furilirr trouble- for a long time. but \l\'ll(‘ll Charlcs li. at the Rcstoration. ns- cendcd the ihrwnc. they got tlioir reward. In his first scotllsh parlia- ment. Charlcs annullod ull the nrcvlous sfntutcs against thc Niac- Grcrzors. ravo tlicm back ilioiv" vamc. owl roinsi-ilcd flu-m in all the privilcgcs of his liuoo siiblorts on account of tln- lovalti- with which tlicv hurl followed the for- tunes of his house

Strange to snv. ivitliniit any known cwuso William III ro-cn- .'\(‘l"(l all thc Cll'l".l'lfll statucs against the clan. and ill"V wcrc once morc “immoloss" in tho aye cf tho laiv. But thc iimcs wore mending mad the country was gYOW- i211 pr-accful. so that tho Muc- firr-szors iwrc liitlc disiurbrd bv ‘Iioso P?1ll'l"§ on ti“ stuiuir- huolzs. The only ovonls which rinrrorl thc poor: oi ilic rclrrn wcrc tho oxiiloiis -f the notorious frccbnotcr Rod Rov MacGrcgor. too humorous to hc noted here. At last thc British parllamont abollshrd thcsc anclcnt and barbarous larva. and tho Mur- Grcgors lmmcdiciclr" slmivod tlioir strong for-lint: of clanvhin hv ork- noxvloduln": a lioad and rliirf. Wicl-t hundred and twcrw persons of that name subsrdbcd n drcd. nd-

mlttim John Murray of Ionrick rnftoinvards sir Jnlm MncGrwzor. Rnroncfl as lmvfullv fl“'(‘f‘l’lfl\‘tl

from iltc house of Glcnsiac. and lhn fro» and proper clilcfialn of Clan Alhlnc.

Slnrr that time thc raro of Mar- Grccnr hnvc proved llWll‘ valor on land and at son; \vl‘li n lnvaltiv hr- r-nnd nil nrzrlso tlicv linvo scrvcrl lhciv country. dornltc tho memory of r-ld ivnhnppy days and bnlllos long ago.

NATURE NOTFS

It is sad to lhluk ilmt manv rc- mwrkahla forms of nnlmnl lifo mo bcln~ axtormlivaiod with alarming rwnu-litr: sumo hnvc alrondv dis- wrmonrorl. Thc Eurrnrnn Elvin was rho lnrrrrvl and vinblrsi aulmnl in that ronlivicnt. It wn< klllcd off in the lost war. In 1910 the lad of the Bvvclv-lfs wohmms. that mice livud in British B-“chunnnlnnd in Afiuca. V'l'll‘il‘f‘ll. Tlirn the Ovmegn. '1 kind of wild ass. also African, \v"nl in ‘i158 Th» fYT-‘fll hlnubok an antelope that once IOVOII in

very earliest. pastures. Dakold. a vcrv hardy variety. is late and pros- trate in hab=t of growth. at first. but it m-w be uscd tn lll”‘l‘ll pas- luro a little fater than the other varietiss mentioned.

ll-Jgf.‘ licrds in Cape Colony. be- came extinct in 1800. Man with his improved weapons, has swe t away animals of many species n every continent, and in the oceans as well. He has extcrminated the huge herds of “buffalo" -— really blSTll—-tl'lfll. roamed the rairies. but by a stroke of good luc . their descendants have been preserved in our National Parks, instead of our museums. The Manchurian deer has disappeared from Asia. and the white rhinoceros is on the verge of extinction ln Africa. In New Zea_ land the kiwi and other flightless birds are all but wiped out. The Antarctic wolf has been swept away from the Falkland Islands: the great ariks which once flocked round the Atlantic shores are so completely lost that in all ‘ the museums of the world there are only about seventy mounted birds preserved. The next to go, will. in all probability, be the duck-billed platypus of Australia.

Did Mr. Edgar C. uni-app. the earthquake prognosticator. of Van- couvcr. score a bulls-eye or did he not? Thc professional scientists say he didn't. Readers may remember that in January Mr. Thrupp p". dicted "the most destructive earth- quake of the century" in the per- iod from July 20 to A118. 5 pro- bably in those regions where quakes had occurred before I marked these dates on the calendar and waited patiently. There certainly were ouakcs during that period. the first to be recorded in the press since June 12th. (They appear to be fewer in the summer and aut- umn.) On July 30 there was an earthquake in Anatolia. Turkey. with 300 dead and several hundred wounded. 0n Aug, 2nd. a quake shook the coast oi’ Hokkaido. Japan. and caused a four-foot tidal wave washed 1.300 fishing boats away. It is not slated that the-re was any loss of lifc. However. Mr, Tlirupp Hot no credit amom! the astronom- ers. He overstated his case perhaps. but the quakes are a matter of rec- ord. Now let's wait. for the next vis- ltation. Oct. 20—Nov. 10

This Spring I procured from Enirlnnrl. some seed of the Mexican Czilceolaria. (‘. mcxlcana. an an- nunl member of the genus. We cultivated the perennials. C. hvhrida for the glasshouse. and C. rugoaa for the garden in Britain. but it would be troublesome to win- ter thom hcrc so I tried the an- nual kind. The seed germinated wcli outside. and I potted a plant for the house window. Those left outside didn't do very well: per- haps our spring was not like that of Mexico. The house-plant is now in flower and enjoys the scorching heat of a sunny window. Cal- ccolziriti flowers arc built on the lmtn-rn of our Ladyk-Slipper orchids‘. only on a much smaller scale: there is o small pouch above and a larger one below it. The larg- er pouch is one centimeter across, and the lesser about 4 mm. Both un- clcoi‘ lumen-yellow‘. and as they Jifllilt‘ in sprays the plant is rather ‘ pretty.

W's: up licrc. seem to be in a kind of "dry bolt " Quite frequently l have looked in the direction of Cll'.ll‘lOll.cl0\\'ll and seen the sky nboic it black with the gloom of a thunderstorm. And away to the North. over the Gulf the lightning wa. flashing and the rain falling: but we. in the a region between the two. might have just enough rziin to wot the roofs! The electric storms appear to split into two parts above a mile to the west- ward. and to go north and south. (I now "touch \vood!"l From this cause. our rainfall records are not as reliable as they might be.

NOTES ON ISLAND PLANTS. The llmbcllifcrae (2)

In mv last Notcs on this subject _a fortnight. ago -— I wrote that though the Coivbanes (Clcuta) were very poisonous in stock. I had ncvcr. to the best of my re- collection. hoard of any loss from caillo ruling them. Since then I iznio i‘cil(l in an agricultural paper. of zi shccp dying somewhere on the Island. after (it was suspected! eating “Water Hemlock " That is another popular name for the Cow- imnc. and I must repeat that there is n good colored plate of this plant in "Farm \Vocds of Canada." a (‘fllw of which is in the Public Library. City