1011M‘. which we see

_ ‘

OCTOBER 15. 1932

iiiifi?‘Z~I%I'Z%Z~I%M%Z-i%i-ZIT?II-IE=E'

n g. ii|$xax§n=ék§x Give Farm Horses

A Square Deal

A subscriber asks the question if 1t is possible to toughen the skin of tho farm horse in preparation for work? It is a question worth dis- cussing in order to save waste in horse power at a time when every ounce of horse power is required on the farm fields. Unfortunately there are men in charge of horses who have the idea that lotions or medicinal applications can take the place of the general good care and attention which every working horse’ should get to keep him fit, without-the aid of ioncs or skin lougheners. - Yes the skin can be toughened, but it is a mistake to get the skin into an unnatural con- dition; therefore, no lotion should be Illcd that will have the effect of drying it and hardening it so much that it “puckers.” Excessively strong solutions of tannic acid and alum may have that ill effect. The akin is then liable to become chaf- ed and abraded when the collar is tight or rough, or not removed at noon to be cleaned and dried.

But no amount of skin toughen- lng will keep the horse freefrorn sores if the harness does not fit, and if the coat of the horse is not kept in a clean healthy condition by regular grooming.

The spring time finds the horse shedding his coat of hair, and this makes it all the more necessary to exercise more care in keeping h‘m clean wltnbrush and comb. Old hair, dandruff, dust and sweat make up a. combination that ilri- tates the tender skin in the pro- cess of renewal and thc badly fit- ting collar completes the job of spoiling the shoulder and lessening the pulling power. The necks and shoulders of horses are found to differ about as much in shape as those of pedple, so a collar fitting one horse is oftentimes a misfit for another.

Perfect grooming together with a thorough massage of the muscles, will help wonderfully in filling the parts for work. Bathing win salty wafer or white oak bark tea, or a solution of not over one teaspoon of tannic acid per quart of water, or two teaspoons of alum per quart may help especially when a horse has had tender shoulders or neck in previous work seasons. But these are to be uscd as prevenlatives, preparatory to the coming work and not when the damage has been done and the sore started.

Harness Must, Fit

Bad fitting harness is cruelly to a horse of the worst type. It is also a great waster of feed and horse power. Every horse should have its own collar, in fact all harness should be fitted to each animal. 'I‘l1e throwing on of any harness that comes firs; to hand on any team that is chosen to be hitched up, is another source cf waste of horse power. How would the driver feel if the some were meted to him in the matter ‘of his daily at-

tire, or working equipment? Bits-l

tered feet would be one of the re- suits of putting on any shoes found around and total incapacity would no doubt be the finishing touches if all his personal equip- ment were chosen in the manner.

Many injuries to horses, such as poll evil, flstulous withers, shoulder sores, are the result chiefly, of ill- fitting harness, and. cancasily be avoided. Poorly fitting collars and neglect of their parts lherrlselves‘ l" potent causes of shoulder and neck troubles. They are a common" wurce of pain to the horse, and

same,

sheer carelemness on the part ofl

the teamster is the only cause. For efficiency in pulling power the hamster must fit the collar to the hvrse. and not the horse to hhe so ofen at- tempted.

Sore shoulders, however, may of- ten arise even though the collar is l 800d. fit, due largely to the fact that the horse has been idle most of the season. In a case like this tincture of chloride of iron is now recommended for the prevention of

Spinning and Weaving

load me your wool to be spun ill“ nra and woveinto Blankets.

he‘

I

H‘

"i...

iTiN i Selecting Good Vegetables

Fresh string beans, sweet garden peas and field ripened iomgtqes should form an important part of the iiiet of every household in ad dition to supplying quantities of the more important minerals used by the body, fresh vegetables are a |rich source of health giving vita- mins and the most appetizlng and economical articles of diet avail- able io the housewife at this time of year. If she is to procure full value- for her money, it is impor- tant ghat evey woman should keep the following -facls in‘mind when making her daily purchases.

String beans either green or the butter variety, should be young and tender. Th8 111165! quality 51g gan- spicuous for their long straight pods and meaty walls. If the pods are ribbed or swollen, they are 01d and past their prime and will DTOVB w be touch and leathery. String beans should always be 9115p enough to snap ‘cleanly and evenly when bent.

Green gardenpeas" should be young and free of any bulging in the nod. l, is easy to distinguish over mature pcas by their thin, tough shells and white or silvery color. Usually, long pods denote high quality. A5 in beans the pods should be crisp and brit- tle. ’

Tomatoes which are among the tenderest products of the farm, must be selected with great care. The best tomatoes are brig-ht red in color, globular or heart shaped, with smooth glossy skins. When cut across or sliced, they should show “thick meaty walls and well filled seed cavities. Misshapen, an- Bular, ribbed or scarred tomatoes are a poor buy as there is a. heavy waste which more than offsets the lower price you pay for them. For salad purposes, good tomatoes which average four or five to the pound are most economical.

4

‘Savingijfhe Wet Wheat

Artificial drying of wheat in Can- ada has now been practically per- fected by the "itional Research Counciyshssociatc Committee on Grain Research. Losses of crop ranging from 28.6 to 50.8 per cent and cash deductions totalling mi! lions of dollars were sustained by Canadian farmers in recent years through tough or damp grain. The latter may now be dried without damage to its .miliing and baking quality through the efficiency of commercial dryr/s. Experimental work is being extended to include proceses for the drying of barley and other coarse grains-Depart- ment of Agriculture, Ottawa.

MILK PRODUCTION IN 1931

The total milk production in 1931 is estimated by the Dominion Bur- can of Statistics at 131117164000 pounds, as compared with 14,759.- '657,000 pounds in 1930. By provinces the fgures are in pounds as follows: Prince Edward Island 148,014,000: Nova Scotia 439,066,000: New Brun- swick 407,000,000; Quebec 3,675,908,-‘ 000; Ontaro 4,812,716,000: Manitoba‘ 1,069,041,000; Saskatciysvan 1,40";- 085,0C0¢ A‘berta 1,439,340,000; Brit- ish Columbia» 424,000,000.

sire shoulders in horses, and’ for the treatment of shoulder sores while the horse h; kcpt in the col- lar. This treatment is recommend- ed for the ordinary shoulder sorts caused by the collar weaiinz through the skin, the kind of sore that forms about 90 per cent of thtr shoulder troubles of farm horses. Of course where thc sore is due to a ruptured blood vessel in the shoulder, as is sometimes the cam. or to tumor callouaes, the services of a competent veterinary surgeon should be secured, as the shoulder in either case will have to be op- erated ,on before a. permanent cure can be effected.

However, for ordinary sore shoul- dera, caused by ill fitting or Alrty collars, the tincture of chloride of iron will be found a very eat'sfac- tory remedy to use. As soon as it is noticed that the hair is beginning to wear off the shoulder or that the skin is becoming red, special

The charges are: Single yarn 23 "Ill. doubled 80 cents per pound. llankafl $100 and if unlaundered ll-ll. It takes flvs lbs. of wool per

Wool must be well wash- Id and all dirt and burn picked out. The sine of single yarn la med- illh and doubled yarn flue, medium and coarse. Pat shippers name on Ill Parcels and dimers name, ad- lrus and instructions inside. Send Ir mall or freight. height will be fill Us IIO Ill. lots.

Will. LANDBIOAN,

attention should be paid to the fit of. the collar and twice a. day the worn area. of the shoulder should be painted with the tincture of chloride of iron. This has the effect of hardening or tanning the skin and prevnis further wear.

At the noon day hour all the

FOR FARMERS

kia».$:-:E—f.-.§:-:=s:-:

like beans, I

a

=:,:%

PRDFI u: rlliiiia

(C. E. MhcKenzie)

Many of our dairy farmers feed their cows on the principle that the less feed they buy, the more irnoney they will be able to make. This is seldom true because, pro- vided one knows how to feed and can judge accurately of the needs of the individual 1n the herd, it is nearly always more profitable t0 buy those feeds which the farm does not produce and which are requ'red to balance the ration, than to depend solely upon what is pro- duced at home and make up a ra- tion as best can be done in this way. t

Scientists maintain and I believe |it is true that one of the principal ‘reasons why the average production

of milk peroow remains aslow as

it is, is the fact that too few men [sufficiently understand the proper feeding of dairy cattle to 80 011i? and buy the feeds necessary to bal- ance those grown on the farm. The igreat majority of our dairy farm- ers make every effort to get a10n8 on the feed that they have Emwll and do not give sufficient thouzht to the possibility of increasing the milk flow from the herd through the feedng of some suitable con- centrates. The profitin dairyingdoes not come from the practice of grow- ing frops on the farm. It 0011105 from the feeding of the cows in such a. manner that they will d0 their best in the way of produc- tion whatever thls may entitli-

is, of course, a. matter of economy to grow as muchfced as possible on the farm and this is especially true of roughages as these are the principal part of the 0077's diet and has they can be grown on the farm imuch more cheaply than they can be purchased on account of bulk and transportation. Yet we have some dairy men who make it a practice of feeding timothy hay and straw to their cows and expect the oow to use thwe feeds to ad- vantage. Then suitable home 817W“ feeds such as clover hay and alfal- .3,’ which 1 am lead to believe can be grown successfully on Prince Ed- ward“ Island, plus corn silaB¢ when one has a. silo and roots PNiilTB-bl? turnips and mangels, should form the bulk of our dairy herds wugh‘ ages to which we add our home

o; ggts, barley, wheat, and P685. these with two or more of concen- trated feeds as wheat. blim- °i1 "i951 and cottonseed meal, should make an almost ideal ration for the av- erage herd but brother farmer’ d0 not forget a good mineral mixture as our cows are machines that if working to capacity need millfifflli to replace those passed on to us in hel‘ malk for example rwic 110W nluch of these feeds a 00W 119315 for the healthy development vi’ h“ offspring. a proper addition °1 these feeds lnslires' Strung Vlgl-lmus

will be the machines that we will be using to improve our business.

between profits from the dflify imd the feed bill it is well to remember that the amount of milk that fl 0°“! will produce, aside from her in- hcrited ability in this direction. and provided she is 0i 800d ‘Ylle- Wm be in proportion to the amount of iced she consumes plus the reserve of food stored in her body. By this I mean that every cow T901113?! 5 certain amount of feed for the mallicnance of her body and thllt all ford over and lbovc ‘hi! amount which she receives will be

milk. the development of the cal! she carries, or for the laying '11P 01 fat and flesh on her body- The cow that is kept in fair condition. will first take a. sufficient amount of feed for her owrl well beills "id that of her cal! and the rest will be nut into the 0011- “W139 u is seen that we do not make any immediate return for feed 81W" 5° the cow for maintenance then it naturally follows that our ready money must be made out of thfl feed that is fed in excess of thc quantity required to ktY-‘ll the w" alive and in 800d Wlldmm- m‘ the more exta feed she can make use of ms mbre profit she will re- turn to her owner. In other words the food consumed in excess 0i mat tcnonce must pay runninl costs and provide the profits in addition. -

As the above is absolutely true then if we are to make 800d l" muet see t0 it that our dairy NW! are properly fed and cared for. if

harness should be gaken off. The

so we will have a profit even with he m“ hem, m’ hum,‘ m, M,“ low Price-S. if not we are coins i off, and opportunity n given to m“! y" ""1 "t 1°“ "m "° clean and brush the parts.

Z¢€H§H§3%3%H%H%E

grown grains preferably a mixture‘

offspring that in a very few yW-“l-

Agaln when considering the relation -

used either for the production of]

ma CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

I‘! i Z-Z

, STOCK BRE

3%.I~I%I'ilIX%Hi%l-i_%2-Z§==Z-I%Z"==

Herd Problems

C. It‘. MACKENZIE

While the present time is oppor- tune for the man with a small available capital to get into pure bred stock it is also a good time for those of us that lack that all important available capital lo look about us and procure a real-good ‘ pure bred sire at a price that a few years ago would be unthought of. Real good bulls from qualified mo- ihers can be purchased today at about sixty per cent of former pri- ces and if one or more farmers combined the initial cost is small indeed. Then having secured an improved sire the continuation of the policy is insured as some sys- tem of exchange can be arranged whereby good sires can be kept un- til their offspring come info milk and their abilities at the pail pro- ven.

Now to prove that a policy of this kind is good and results in increased production and increas- ed return let me cite here different experimental stations both in Ca- nada and United States have car- irfed on a system of herd improve- I ment over periods ranging from six to fifteen years where accurate re-

records show that even to the smaller dalryman the system is worth while and if followed out would result in a wonderful im-

provement on our present day herds. | Once instance to prove the

{above I distinctly remember read- ling the report of an experimental | station‘ in Iowa where herd im- provement was started in 1907 and followed without a break until i920.

In this instance it was definitely known that there had not been any pure bred. sires used for years and the foundationoows purchas- ed were real scrubs with little or no indications for milk.

I Cows, heifers and calves were purchased and records were kcpi of feed costs, care and production. Of the mature cows purchased it was considered that under above conditions that an increase iproduction of from ten to fifteen fper cent would prove worth while {but actual production showed that , with proper feed and care the pro- duction increased about sixty per -cént in milk and over fifty five

| per cent in fat. i

i In the heifers and calves reared under better conditions the in- crease was much greater. v

Now lei; us take "into considera- _tion the qualified sire and note improvement made. In every in-' stance the first lot cf heifers when they reached milk’ng age were bet- ter than their dams: the average increase was almost double the amount of milk and about seventy’ per cent increase in fat. ' '

While second cross heifers again were an improvement on their dams and showed an increase in the two generations of about olle hundred and thirty per rent in milk and one llundcd and nine per cent ill fat increase over origi- nal cows which is a. sinking proof i to the pure bred sire.

The third and fourth generations also gave greater returns as well as showed dstinct breed type and could be much morcrcadilydispos- ed of as dairy nnlmills, another source cf profit to the up-to-dale farmer.

Then let those of us who feel that they cannot go inio pure bred stock, plan to at least purchase either individually or cooperative- ly a real qualified sirc, one from a good iy-pe cowthathasmadc good record preferably in twice aday milking class (which aftcrallisthe farmers clam) and use this animal to the best advantage, always keep- ing heifers from mics besi- cows and ere long we will be operating ‘our plant at a lower overhead charge and hence we will receive greater profits. But do not forget ‘ that a cow like every other ma.- chlne should be used lo full capa- city and this includes better feed- ing and care. Today when prices ~ are small greater production is the one way of making our business pay and even though it involves more thought and business ability it is up to us to demonstrate that the dairy farmers of this province are worthy of the name and in so doing we will have done our part toward the death and burial of Old Man Depression.

i I i

The export of asbestos to the Un- ifed Kingdom in the last five months was 3'10 tons, compared with 1,028 tons in the some period last year. Rhodesia is dominating the British market in that commod- ity at present.

out of business.

More and ‘batter live stock i!

mfl.,,,,,_u,,n,,mm tnssuvei-uamrutasmmo __._thgyholefutur_e_willbcblitlt

I

cloud then let us keep our minds eye fixed on the silver lining and

cords have been kept and all these‘

of’

431 pounds oyster shell at $20 ‘per ton $4.31. -

240 pounds grit at $20 p61‘ ion $4.31.

240 pounds gilt at $20 per ton ton, $2.40.

Total cost of feed for 1 year 8104.80.

Cost of feed per bird for 1961 $1.57.

held at the Forum Cinema, London, recently. In the large audience were

Feeding Pullets For Egg Production

(Expermental Farms Note)

Puilets, on being put into winter quarters before they start to 18y. should be fed heavily on green feed and the houses kept open as wide as possibe, so that the chanKB 90m range conditions to confinement will be as little as possible. They should be handled very carefully and feed changes made very Erid- ually. Through experiments con- ducted at the Dominion Experim- ental Station, Lennoxville. Que., it has been found that a. sudden change from a. growing mash, which they receive when placed in win- ter quarters, will cause moult, thus detailing egg production for a per- iod of eight to twelve weeks.

Many make the mistake of feed- ing too heavily on high protein meshes. Grain must be fed in such proportions, as to keep the birds in prime flesh. Should the pullets show an inclination to put on fat, the mash is increased, which will result in greater egg-production. On the other hand, should the pul- lets show a tendancy to lose weight, the scratch grain isincreased, which ,will result in consequent lessening ‘of the production, but an increase in weight of the fowl.

Should the feeder ignore the dan- ger signals when the birds begin to show a. loss of weight and continue to force egg production by heavy mash feeding, the birds will continue to lay at a high speed until they become so reduced in flesh that they will finally break, which in the long run means a lower egg- ‘production than if they had been‘

fed so as to keep up their body weight and continuous production,’ ‘even if they do not produce at’ quite as high a rate.

The following ‘is the system of feeding in use atthe Dominion Ex- perimental Station, Lennoxville. Que, always bearing in mind what ,has been previously said with re- 'ference to kccping a proper balance between the mash and grain part of thc ration.

The laying mash is kept in hop- pcrs before the flock at all times. |Also hoppers of grit and oyster ;shcli. Fresh water ‘is continuously ‘supplied. A light feed of scratch,

groin is fed in the litter in the‘ Ymorning. Green feed, in the form‘ iof cut _clover, hay, mangela or cab- bage is then given. A feed of ljnoist mash is fed at mid-day, as that is a. very convenient way to use table scraps. A full feed of scratch grain is given in the evening.