mt: Guardian

Caters Prince Edward Island Like the Dew i’tnlisherl every week-day morning at 16's Prince Street Cnl'lcuetown P.E.I., by 'lnomson Newspapers Ltd.

Ian A. Burnett, Publisher and General Manager Frank Walker, Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of The Canadian Press Member Audit Bureau of Circulatiuns Bran”. offices at Summerside, Montague and Alberton Represented Nationally by Thomson Newspapers Advertising Servrce M King Street West Toronto, Ont. . 640 Cathcart St... Montreal 1030 West Georgia St., Vancouver By Carrier Charlottetown, Summerside 30c per week By Mai elsewhere in P.E.l. $9.00 per annum. Other Pru'inces and United States $12.00 per annum

PAGE 4 MONDAY, NOV. 10, 1958.

Retarded Children

Officials of the Charlottetown Chapter of the Canadian. Assoc1a-

tion for.Retarded Children are to be‘

commended for deciding to purchase a suitable camp site for the use pf retarded children. This is further evidence of interest in a group of children who deserve and are entitled to every possible means of guidance and. care. Supervised recreation in healthful surroundings will‘ be, of course, a great help in promoting their welfare. It goes, without Saying that our citizens will respond gener-

ously and cheerfully to the appeal

for funds for the purchase and main-

tenance of the proposed site at or ‘ . ster Bed.

Meanwhile, it is gratifying to hear that a new Chapter of the Associa- tion has been established in Montague and that another is expected to be organized in Souris in the near fu‘ ture. This shows increasing public} awareness of the claims of the child- ren involved. Anything that can be done, for then—and experience has shown that much can be done—is of great social benefit.

In due-course, no doubt, there will be a number of groups dedicated to the advancement of retarded child- ren. The interest of private citizens is most valuable; but, ofzcourse, the great‘need is for personnel fitted by training and aptitude to ‘carry on the work. It is a difficult work but a rewarding one. It may bepfound practical to establish a school at various centres to which xthe child- ren from . neighbouring districts might brought for instruction and therapy. This is a question that will become more and more urgent, as experience shows 'the value of ‘.such schools. We feel quite sure that it will receiVe careful and sympathetic: con- sideration from the Provincial Gov- ernment and all others interested in giving to retarded young people the very best scliOoling which they are capable of absorbing.

Deserving Resolution"

Among the resolutions passed at I

the annual meeting of the Prince‘ Edward Island Fisheries Federation, none is more worthy of support than that which requests consideration for, inclusion of roads‘leading to fishing

centres in the paving program now '

underway. 1

We believe that the present paving program, in general, is as satisfactory as can be expected. There is, to be sure, some criticism of it on the ground that it is concerned chiefly with the tourist business, to the neglect of roads which‘are used main- lylby farmers and fishermen. we do not think for a moment that this neglect—if it 'does exist—is inten- tional. Obviously, not all roads can be paved in a few years. But at the- same time, our farmers and fisher— men. are entitled to good reads when- ever and Wherever they can be pro- vided-The plight of the fishermen is, perhaps, particularly irksome, since is in the early Spring, when dirt roads are at their‘ worst, that they have to move supplies and equipment to their summer stations. Indeed, there are times when some of the roads are impassable.

We sincerely trust that the authori-

Vties ‘will pay heed to the fishermen’s

request for better rOads. The resolu- tion is couched in very reasonable and courteous terms and shows that the fishermen are well aware of the difficulties and problems that con— front the Provincial Government in their read'pavmg prOgram. \

, A Deserved Tribute

- The citizens of Springhill have been awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Canadian Humane Association. This is the first time that a community has been given the top award.

The resolution authorizing the award ,referred, to' “the citizens of Springhill and their comrades from near and far who with promptitude and bravbry, at personal risk or hazard to their own lives, saved or made strenuous efforts to save the lives of others, namely, the entombed miners in Springhill colliery."

Never was the bestowing Of an award for bravery more deserved. In all likelihood, Springhill has ceased

. money". If that was an indirect and

distinction to his credit. He is the

_ headquarters in Paris; It does sOund

to be a mining centre; but for years to come people the world over will remember the fortitude and courage of a brave people. The story will be enshrined in Canada’s saga. of valour. , v- '

It would perhaps be invidious to pick out any particular group for special praise, for the whole com- munity responded bravely. But, un- questidnably, the draegermen and their fellolv—rescuers, the bare-face miners, will have a particularly not- able place when the disaster and its aftermath have passed into the chron- icles of history. It is to be hoped that they will receive special finan- cial recompense for’ their work, though, not all the treasure of the nation could pay them for what they did and the selfless, courageous man- her in which they did it.

While on this subject, we feel that a special gesture of gratitude should go, too, to Mr. Harold Gordon, DOSCO’s mine chief. His devotion to theumen‘\ under his care was truly great; and as often as the story is told, his name will be spoken with affection and respect.

Picayune

‘A report from Summerside states that at the annual meeting of the West Prince Liberal Association Pro" mier Matheson 'referrel to a state- ment that the leader of the Opposi. . tion, Mr'. Shaw," was purported to have made at a recent nOminating convention‘to the‘effect that better roadshimproved health services, edu- cational facilities, etc. were being [paid for by “Conservative” money.

'If Mr'. Shaw did make the alleged statement he was greatly mistaken. It is true, of course, that‘some of the money for thesla improved public ser- Vvices comes from the Federal treas- ury which,‘ for the time being, is under the control of a Conservative Government. But that doesn’t mean that the funds they distribute are “Conservative” funds. They are funds provided, by allVCanadians. Frankly, we are a little surprised that a man of Mr. Shaw’s good sense would make such a foolish statement. ',

“At the same meeting} so the re-. port reVeals, the Premier, comment- ing on Mr. Shaw’s words, said: “We wouldn’t mention that the $300 a month Mr. ‘Shaw' gets is Liberal

not 'very subtle way of saying that ‘- that the $300 is, in'ifact, “Liberal mon- ' eyl’, that, too, was an erroneous state- ment. Mr. Shaw receives his pension , by right', just as other retired civil servants do; He'should ndt be .twitted about'it. He worked» for it and, accord- ing to all accounts, worked faithfully - and well. And it isn’t “Liberal” money nor “Conservative? money that he receives. “Like the money spent on roads, health services, etc., it is public money. . , '

There are so many important sub- jects that might be discussed at political meetings ‘that one wonders why public'inlenthink it meet and right to resort to the childish and the picayune. ‘

EDITORIAL NOTES‘ Prince Edward Island is honoured by the visit at this time of Lord Rowallan, ChiefScout of the British Commonwealth.- . . a: are 3‘: Sir Winston Churchill has another

first'foreigner to be kissed on both cheeks by Premier Charles de Gaulle

of France.

Q i O t

Scientists in Britain are in a dither over a white-eyed cockroach fOund in a Welsh'coal mine. Per- ‘ haps the little cr’ea‘ture hasn’t yet fallen victim to the cult of uhiform- ity. , - G t I

Prime Minister ,Diefenbaker doesn’t like Premier de Gaulle’s proposal for a British-American-French “directo- rate” on NATO global policy with

a bit domineering in its implications. At the same time, Britain, the United States and France, in practice, if not in theory, already exercise more in- .fluence than do the other members. it it fl llzDespite the great Democratic vic- tory in the Nov. 4 election, the Re- publican Administration Will continite to hold office to the end of the term in Jan. 1961. Under the Canadian system this could not happen. Presi- dent Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles may be wishing that a similar «system was in effect over there. Certainly, their burdens and worries will increase, now that the Democrats have. the people behind them in such a decisive manner. The Executive Branch and the Legisla- tive Branch are supposed to be en- tirely separate. In many ways, how-

- death during 'th

V ions to 2 executions is a sharp

' teresting and intriguing aspects of

ever, they overlap

' COSTUMES FOR THE TOUR‘

M's-mum up new zeALAND ‘ ,

OTTAWA REPORT

.

Deoth . /’1

Ottawa: Eighteen convicted murderers have been sentenced to e sixteen months since. the Conservative Gov- ernment took office. But no less than fourteen of those Thunder- ers have had their punishment commuted from hanging to life imprisonment. In effect, this means release from prison with- in from twelve to twenty years if the convict wins maximum re- mission for good behaviour. '

This new ratio of 7 commutat-

By Patrick

reversal of the former ratio of 1 commutations to 2 executions which prevailed over the prev- ious 35 years. .

Section 206 of the Criminal Code clearly states that “Every- one who commits murder shall be sentenced to death”. The death penalty is modified by the' Royal prenogative of mency, which may be exercised by the Cabinet on behalf of the Queen when there are extenuating cir- cumstances in any individual case. The law as it now is writ- ten does not envisage blanket mercy to unmeroiful slaughter ers.

The new policy of the Cabinet! conflicts sharply with the find- ings .a recent parliamentary com lee, which advocated the .neteution of the death penalty but thought that murderers should be punished by the more humane method of the gas cham- ber or the electric chair, rather than the hang'man’s noose.

Prime Minister John Diefen- baker has stro g personal views on the death pehatty) dating

Impressions

Penalties Remittecl ‘

Nicholson

:from his experiences as a coun-

sel. He is not assured that a jury will always unerringly ar- rive at the correct vendict, and he fears that sometimes an in- nocent person is executed. He also disagrees with the legal de- finition of insanity. On both these points, Justice Minister Davie Fulton is said to incline to clemency. But in view of tihe number of innocent persons who get mundered by writing-duets, those who disagree with the Prime Minister find it hard to justify the abolition of title deter- rent of the death sentence for these reasons alone.

In some countries, disllnction is- made -— perhaps rightly _— be- tween premeditated murder and a killing committed when f‘see- ing red” in the heat of passion. Under French law, for example, the jurors, even when certain that the accused did cause death may bring in a verdict of “not guilty of murder" if they consid- er that no criminal motives or plications were involved.

This raises the interpretation of “insanity”. Many murders are committed while the killer has temporarily lost mental bal- ance. The yardstick of insanity accepted in/ our law courts is the century-old McNa‘ghten Rules. These assert that a plea of in- sanity cannot succeed if, in the opinion of the jury, the accused knew what he was ‘doing and “gas aware that his act was wick- e .

Many lawyers, including the Prime Minister, and all modern psychiatrists, regard these rules

Oi LOnclOn

By Heath Macquarrie, M.P.

Perhaps one" of the most id’-

the London scene is the wide va-r- iety of architecture which one en- counters all about. Work of the great Sir Christopher Wren is seen in the magnificent St. Paul’s Cathedral and other stately struc- tures. London like all [of London abounds in beautiful churches. Then there are the towering edi- fices of the Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian eras and the great public buildings erected in the affluent heyday of the Elm- pire afford great variety of line and design.

But even on a smaller scale, one sees evidence that .he is in a city with a long and glorious past. If you walk down a resid- ential street in London, you will" see row on row of houses reveal- ing wide differences in architec— tural structure and the doorways and windows of London houses are particularly interesting. GREAT BUILDING BOOM

But like other cities in this day and age. London is under- going a great building bcom which is altering the face of the

PUBLlC 'FORUM

This column is open to the discus-

sion by correspondents of question 0.

interest.‘The Guardian does not use:-

narin endorse the opinion of corrcs pondents. -

’40 YEARS AGO

Sin—Early in the evening of this date 40 years ago the writer received the following me;.sage by dispatch rider from the Fifth Army Corps: “The Kaiser ab- dicated and Crown Prince re— nounced claim to Throne. The German Fleet in revolt and it may be armistice now signed." Al 8:30 hours, morning of 11th November, the following mes- sage was received from Fifth Army Corps: “Hostilities will cease at 11:00 hours today Nov» ember 11th. Defensive precaut- ions will be maintained. There will be no intercourse of any

descripiion with the enemy".

I am, Sir, etc.

'1‘. E. M.

I

city to a considerable degree. Now multiple dwellings are being built at .a rapid rate as the city seeks to over t e the housing shortage which has been a ma- jor social problem and political issue for many years. The pro- blem in London, of course, is particularly urgent and ac‘cute as an aftermath of the ravages of war. As a result of German bombs and “V” rockets, 1,400,245 buildings suffered total or par- tial destruction. 87 percent If the city's church property was dam- aged. ‘

Of. course, real tragedy is al- ways measured in human terms and the full extent of this is realized when you recall the cas- ualty list. Nearly 30,000 London- ers were killed in the lblitz and over 50,000 hospitalized. These fig- ures represent more than half the total of the whole of the Bri- tish Isles. The part which the people of London played in this

‘ grim and heroic episode can nevv

er be forgotten. Today, one can still see the scars of the cruel conflict of yesterday for there are vacant lots where nothing has been built to replace a bombed out structure and some buildings stand strangely alone in areas which were badly hit. But these are the exceptions. for London looks forward and new and mod- ern structures are going up to take their place with the more stately if less functional edifices of an earlier period.

MANY CONTRASTS

It is of course impossible to describe in a few words ones impressions of a great city like London. There are the obvious things which are immediately no ticcd .by the North American. The lefhhand movement of traffic, which the British and Swedes still follow is always commented upon. Then. of course, there are the red double-deckcr bosses in London‘s crowded srcets and the small Londcn taxi-cabs with their great maneuverabili‘y and some unforgettable characters as their drivers.

The beautiful parks and sta- tely palaces. the masnllcem Tmu~ seums and great theatres of Lon-

as out of date. This thinking be- liieves that a murderer should be excused as Insane" v if he was ment- ally "capable of contnolling his acting}, even though he knew he was doing and was aware that it was wrong. ,

GALLOWS A DETERENT?

The justification for sentenc- ing a murderer to death is not the brutal doctrine of “an eye for an eye‘.’. lt must be the be- lief that the death penalty acts as a deterrent. [This can never \vbe proved, but neither can it be disproved. On balance, it surely must be a fact that some citizens are saved from being murdered by the detenrent tier of the gal- lows. ’ 1

Meanwhile, the fact remains that the law of our land today prescribes execution as the pun- ishment for murder.

If our Government does not like this law, it should adopt the democratic course of attempting to persuade our Parliament to change it, and it should respect and implement the existing law until that is done.

Under our parliamentary sys- tem, laws should not be changed in the Cabinet Council Chamber. It was to halt the undemocratic practice of making .or changing the laws by order-in-council that the famous Bill of Rights was en- acted in England nearly 300 years ago.

When the former Liberal Cab- inet itself stopped to seven. ment by order-ln-councill, one of the most reasoned criticismis‘ would regularly be heard from the parliament-loving Opposition Member John Diefenlblaker. It is an unexpected reversal of prin- ciple that leads him now to coun- tenance this alteration of our Criminal Code by order-in—«council when he himself is Prime Minis- ter. '

don give it a character of beauty

‘ and distinction. The great Dr.

Samuel Johnson once said that

he is tired of life and there is still much ' in the saying. But with all the charm and tradition, there is a commercial and ec- onomic strength which recalls the days when a mighty Ernpire had its heart and its treasury in this great city. .-

London, of course 15 a great shopping center. TLarge depart- ment stores,like Harrods are world famous. There are those who believe, however, that Lon‘ don is not a city for the lady shopper and wehare told that only the women of the family look upon shopping as a pleasure. For instance, it is said that while ladies styles are not outstanding, London tailors for' men are re- knowned the world over. CANADA HOUSE

Just off Trafalgar Square. there is one building which is familiar to most visitors from our coun- try. This is Canada House, where the Canadian High Commissioner has his office. Officials at Can- ada House are of great assis- tance to the visiting Canadian and one finds many of his fellow countrymen in the reading room. Canada House was one of the first places we contacted and were kindly received by our new High Commissioner, the Honour- able George Drew and all the members of his capable staff with whom we came in contact.

Just acress the street from Canada House is another office which we visited even before the office of the Canadian High Com- .missioner. This is the Atlantic Provinces’ Bureau which was recently opened at an impres~ sive ceremony attended by the four Atlantic Province Premiers, Lord Beaverbrook, Sir Winston Churchill and many other digni- taries.

The Atlantic Provinces’ Bureau is inLerested not only in making British opportunities more readily available and widely known to the people of the Atlantic Re- gion, but it is also and perhaps even more interested in acquain- ting the British business world with the opportunities for invest- ment and development in the four Eastern Provinces.

It is fortunate indeed that the

' WHAT IS NEEDED

‘ his ability and dedication. He is a man of charm who has a (1er >

when a. man is.tired of London

WOrk Can Also

Ease Tension

By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D. WORK, believe it or not, ac- tually can relieve tension. At least some kinds of work can. Time and time again you have been advised about the value of playing or having a good time during your leisure h "s to'hiellp reduce tension. And this still 15 excellent advice. You must relax. you must play and enJoy it to give your work-play time a pro- per balance. ,' But work itself can also be a good remedy for tension. DISSATISFACTION WITH JOB Stress on a job'can very _often be traced to a lack of satisfac- tion with the work. Perhaps yet: don’t feel that the job is a grea enough challenge, or maybe there is little or no chance for advance ment. . It might be that the hours are too long or the wages too low to suit you. Maybe you are never complimented about your work. These circumstances, nat- urally, create stress and bensron. Prolonged tension can create body illnesses ranging from per- sistent fatigue to mucous colitis and spastic colon. MAJOR ROLE If, however, your work is sal- isfying, it plays a major role In easing tension and in helping you maintain your mental health. In fact, many doctors say its part is equal to that of play :nd relax- ation. I 1 Now, is your job satisfying does it help you to release tension? Work offers satisfaction w h e n it pnovides an impression f or our 'innate tendencies to create or to offer to others. Routine work generally is not too Satisfymg. Most of ,us regard a routine job merely as a con- tract for specific work to be com- pleted by a specified time. It is only a job, a method of earning a living. To be satisfying, a. job must involve more than the mere process of earning a living]