n> 44-. m“.

Hell)! The

There will Inns-tr In mess sol “will v- vvelly educational series. or t:

particula designed 1 and IIHIIUIIIZHOQ of, rural tantra‘: not because they need it more than ciby or town instructors but pg causeof their remoteness from help; for exoeptthe quprwly vial“ of the ‘Inspector their help in such In import-slit shilpeaenons task, ls very diiflilllll. llid their work lg mails Pelily dlfllcult owinato (1) irregui r attendance. (l) lack of interest on pert of the pupils or parents i8) Door?! equipped‘ and poorly planned buildings (4) the Presence of several grades-til) and perhaps the peremouny cause, the teacher’. own inexperience and youth ,

Any suggestions are welcomed. Plans and devices found valuable in the school room will be gladly considered. "

Teachers, make this your col umn; do not be afraid to ask for help. ' , _

Kindly cut out these columns and preserve, either in book or collect

ion form. Address all correspond ence to Ex-dturalist, Gusrdan oflice.

...__-.-

Perhaps my readers will pardon a little deviation from- the ordinary topics. but not such a deviation after all, as the plea is mainly .1 plea for higher and better educa- tion. it shows that to succeed materially, we must be well equip- ped mentally. ‘And this material success is really a very important t-liing. This is. honorable material success, not profiteering or suc- cess got by under-hand methods. If

(or lx-Biirelist) ‘

Teacher.

Our resounces are great but they are, in the nature of things, only in certain lines. We have gifts for the world, and on the other nand have need of the world's gifts.

We have been accustomed think that our civillzatlbnand that of the United States is simillar. But a deeper study will show that ls not and cannot be the case. Canada is a world trader by nature the United ‘States is so merely by interest. The maintenance and development of foreign trade is a condition of Canada's very exist- ence; to the United States it means only greater prosperity. That is because the United Staten la self-sufficing, while Canada ls not. ‘Canadians realize, in part, that we are not self-sufficing; that w-e must give and take; and that we are caught ‘in the great move- ments that bind or break the world. We are not. and cannot be, sufficient unto ourselves. That ls llflt. and cannot be, our goal.

No other member of the British family are as great in world trade as Canadians are. For 1920 our total merchandise trade attained a total of 82.350.000.000. That is equivalent to about $300 per head. while the trade of_ th-e United States is equal to $132 per head of population in that country. w: trade most of all with ‘Great Bri- tain and U. S. A.. but we are. larg- ely through the instrum-en-tality of th-o Canadian Government Merch- ant Murine, opening trade in Eu- rope. South Africa, West Indies, Japan, China. India and the Far East, Australia and New Zealanfl.

we must have schools, churches. happiness and contentme t we must have at least a reasonabioi measure of material prosperity.’ The following article by Prob, MoGuor of University of Toronto.) seems to me a well-balanced Télr,

son for better education as al moans to help the growth of‘ lCunada. _ I

i ‘ -*"" i CANADA —WORLD TRADER Foreign trade began as ‘trade in.‘ luxuries and in the course of civiii-I on-has become more and more‘

e in necessities‘. at first it;

tied the few with superq ow it provides the manyi

bk by foreign

trade, and; is

59135111111)’

"‘ ‘of the scale stands the . . , . . ‘ n‘ n ant-izsxiir“.ssiif.i;"izz.‘iiti...‘s°t '" if"; LflZZ‘.'é2’..‘." ‘$35233; ““

the United States. ‘But all nations! ,, . _ , ,. . goo s’ - 9e mg“; ~ m‘ BPmISI-IQB- llflvliwo 0119"‘ _ . _» , . ' - . I 1th.“ ind ~_ ‘s. ‘This dominated by narrow aims, nno

‘true between» nations as well mste“ °f mmmmigfles "I “M”

,, , .,, ‘ . p“. n with“. mum Demand m a have blindly closcii them, mak-

ucts of the fields and mines, fish- mane, and new .8 a 5,3,“, ins their very impoverishment n

CARGOEB leflaa- £9795‘ and ‘P5991113 Kmunds- Europe needs Canada's Droductsiground for the" “WWII”: mo“ It

‘But in an industrial ago no ccuu- but it does not demand them u FOHCBPIIS 11H vitally m Canada

‘try grows great by merglv 5911i“; cannot’ for the reason that need I: whether or not the finiii conditions

Qulnquireme fronnher primary products. We have ,of peace breed more embitterment

of Nineveh

distant Opliir, ‘ .

ltowing home to haven in sunny Palestine; ‘ 1

With a cargo of ivory,

And apes and peacocks,

Sandalwood, cedarwood, and sweet,‘ while wine. l

l

l

Stately iSpnnisli gallcon from tho isthmus. , Dipping through the tropics by tho- ‘ palm-green shores, .' With a. cargo of diamonds, Emeralds, amethysts, F Topazes. and cinnamon, and gold] moidores. g

coming;

‘Dirty British coaster cake smoke stack.

Bull-Inf; through the Channel in thei mad March days,

With a cargo of Tyne coal,

lltoad-ralls. pig lead,-

Firewood. iron-ware, tin trays.

with a snip,

and chonpi

T-lie future of Canada is bound] up in its foreign ‘trade. We cannot produce in t-his tmuntry a great. many things we need. and We nat- urally produce a great deal mofg or some other things than we need

A Splendid Tonic “ For Weak People

DR. WILI-IAMIS’ PINK PILLS ACT I ON THE BLOOD ANP NERVBO

‘ Food -ls as important to tho sick person as medicine. more so in many cases. A badly chosen diet may retard recovery. In hestlh the natural appetite is the-best guide to inflow: In sickness the appetite In often fickle and depraved, Proper» food and a. good tonic will keep‘ most people in good health. Dr. Williams’ hummus are a fine tonic medicine. harmless and certain in their action. which is to build up the blood and restore

vltiiilty to the inn-down syszom. For growing girls who are thin and pale. for pale, tired women. and for old people who full la

strength, Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills. are an ideal tonic. Thousands have testified to the benefit’ derived from the use of this medicine. among them is Mrs. William Ga.- lle liantsport. N. 8.. who says "Before l’ began the use of Dr. Williams‘ Pink ‘Pills I was so weak and run down that I oould hardly do my own work. I often suffered from heedodies and was, very Ml‘- vous. l then began the use of Dr. Williams’ Pink Pills and‘ I can truthfully say l have found them‘ the best medicine l have ever

taken. You may depend upon it l will advise other sufferers to take llllle pills." ‘

You can set Dr. Williams‘ Pin}:- Plils through any dealer in met‘. -

abox

rs..We might say that at!

are. becoming more intensive.

Our imports and exports far 9x- ceeil those of any other British domain outsld-o of the United lKlligilbm. Unlike Great Britain

as ‘Canada is in Physical aspe‘, yet our Dominion is nearest to the Mother Land in economic interde- pendence. T-be ‘effects of happen ings in almost all parts of tho can}; are no quickly felt‘ In Great Britain; also they are becoming more and more felt in Canada. Can ada is thus close to Britain in her essential interest, and, like

‘Britain has a vital concern In the

world’s peace and in the mainten- ance of harmonious relations wit-i other nations. ' When ‘Canada thinks of the policy which shall re- store other nations, she thinks thereby of the policy on which her

9t m9- Natlillmiown welfare depends.

We cannot rightly thinklof Can-

wt or! they are like‘ ada’s future without thinking of ehorn of their strensllh, the development of her trade rela- not a nation in the world‘. “mm ive within itself without} he, 110mg“ trade 3.15m! some infer. mEI-Brlllbcsting reflections as to the line

‘ 5°m° "RI-mnfllof development in this country. it Indellendeul-lls, for example, noteworthy l-llfll during recent years t-he volume 0!

A study of the figures of

the intelligence and resourceful-- ness to turn some of these pro ducts into finished goods. Primary products are the basis of industry. It is because Britain is rich in the resources of the soil that it -is rich in manufacturing also. And just _rests on coal and iron, so (lan- ada's rests upon wheat, IIIIIIQIBIS, cattle and standing timber. These are not to be regarded as substi- tutes for manufactures. but regard- condition of them. Therein lie) the way of development. Nine- tenths of the usefulness or raw mat erials is lost to a nation that does not utilize them itsel-f. Canada is- learning to utilize its own. Not so long ago our totals of exported manufactures were. almost neglig- ible. ‘Even as late as 1914 they were only .13 per cont. of the total exports. At present thay_pra.ctical- ly equal the total of all other BX" ported goods.

T-he riches oi’ the soil are the foundation of economic prosperity, but the work of men's hands an! brains in ‘translating tbiesa into finished product's is necessary .i- the walls of the house are to bo bull-t. A nation‘ may possess great riches in natural resources but until it learns to utilize them itself it ls economically the more servant of other countries. Cun- ada is becoming industrialized and its development is bound up witu its industrialization.

This means, not so much that Canadian industry will thrive at the expense of agriculture as that it willvgrow on the basis of agri- culture. Agriculture too grows more industrialized. its methods,

n- n

makes greater use of machinery lt studies markets; and it works out plans of co-operatlon. it u. after all, a primitive view of agri- culture, which regards it as more- ly the exploitation of the soil. Agriculture in the industrial world is- the primary industry. The steelindustry carries its products through into finished steel goods of s. thousand sorts. The oil indus- try transforms its crude oil into a variety of goods. So is the agri- cultural industry in itself a pro- cess of manufacture. lt need not and does ‘not end with the produc- tion of crops. of_ cattle and of 01.1-- er live stock. The products or the dairy. of the cheese factory and of the packing house constitute its finished goods. There is, econom- lcaliy, nooelifllct between agricul- tufe, and. industry-L As l ustry grows. agriculture changes, ts ne- ture and becomes industrlalaThe same science underlies both. The spirit that brings success In the one will bring success also in the other. 1 .

‘ ‘W n we think.of the future of Canad we should ‘beer this fact ilfm, on it. throws s light on the dub ot of rural , population. it is highl important that>averv' this; sheath done that v l1!

‘s! dwellers (if we understand

Oinlc activities. That would be bad in the long run for manufacture as well. Still we must also admit that as nations become more lu- dustrial the urban population lu- crease relatively to the rural. Stat.- ‘istics show that in every civilized country the urban population has increased out of all proportion to the rural in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In. England and Wales the percentage of cit? by city dwellers those inhabiting qlties of ten thousand inhabitants or, more) increased from twenty one to sixty-two per cent. between 1800 and 1890; in France the in- crease was from‘ 9% to 26 ‘per cent. in the United States from I: to 0,! per cenL: in ‘Prussia from 7 to 30 per ceuL; and even in Russia the percentage increased from 4 to f) per cent. If we include towns wit-h the cities. we find that ‘in all in- dustrial kountries the proportion of town dwellers exceeds vastly the proportion of country dwellers. and that it is constantly lncrloas- ing. Canada is feeling the action of the same forces. The rural population has relatively increas- Rd in all provinces between the last two census periods and absol- utely decreased in four, including Ontario, whose urban population

Engineer n 1i A ISIIlfII 0n Job

HAD GIVEN UP HOPE OF EVER FULLING ANOTHER THROTTLE SAYS SKINNIOK

0-

“Although I am now past seven- ty-six days - of age l am working every day for Tanlac has ‘pill. me back on the job after I had given up all work and could ever get well,"

peg, recently. Mriskinner iii...‘ spent the greater portion of his life on the sea, being Chief Engin‘ ear on several of the largest ocean linens new employed as statiomn/ engineer by the Canadian National Railway. *

"There is one thing I hop-e I no.- er have again." he went on. "and that is rheumatism. It simply had the ‘best of me and I was practical- lyhelipless. it had started lot.‘ years before and I was so cripplcil up l couldn't do a lick of work. My knees were actually as stiff as boards and of mornings I bad an

increased 392.000. while its rural decreased 52.000. While these facts point to the need of extending every encouragement to agricul- ture. thev also suggest something (mods. Canada 1's [passing from the extensive tn intenslvrp stage, The peak of homestead entries was. reached in 1911. ‘Since tbsp there has boon a steady decline. This may mark tho‘ dividing line he ‘twee.- tlie predominately Pxtensivn and tho predominately interisivP stare. The war, by creating sudden. concentrated demand for ivuiustriiil products, accentuated the process. It is no longer for Cnnndn the taking possession that matters most but the making good of what silo already possess-es. ll is no longer the further flinging of her frontiers, but the upbuilding of her habitations. It is no long- er the widening circumference but Ill-s growing centre. Canada has entered its industrial era, secure- ly based upon the resources of tho soil.

If Canada is now bound up in world history and world economics the people of the llom-lnlon have to abide the evil as well as the good of this position. When they blunder ill. Versailles, or Paris, the price of Canadian wb-eat will fall. We are living in a dislocated uiorld. lEach country Jlepending on world tratle in any degree. Hill- fers, and must continue to suffer. the evils of the dislocation. Dur- ing the war it was argued that. Canada would benefit when It was completed because of the Ereat nscd for our products by an Illi- pov-erlsbeti Europe. ill-ut, llnhflll" pily the neeillness of the poor re-

i?

awful time trying to get my clothes on. why. the pains nearly killed .me. My appetite went back on me and I got so I didn't want to cat . thing. I didn't know what a good night's rest meant and I was weak as u ‘baby.

“But it's all over with non», thank goodness. Tanlac has simpl, made n clean swcep of all my trou- bles and I foel like a man nlzulc all over auxin. Those pains bavc all disappcareil and so has that stiffness and l am eating lteariy and sleeping flue like I used t‘ years can. l lake pleasure in speak- ing a good word for Tanliic. It bus 'ccrtainly done great work for mo.‘

if}

to enterprise and development. Wit-ere international trade is con- cerned it introduces an elemcr." of uncertainty, and of unstabllit,‘ of disconcerting character. vs are still a long way from u return

some time a hazard dn foreign trade. the chances of speculation being a poor substitute for the as‘ surnnce of normal trade. But de- flation is inevitable. Wbatcvei its attendant evils, it is a neces- sary and an ultimately‘ banefl- icient process. i Europe's vrpflspcrliy anti p)“. l, r0pe's adversity hclp lo make ours. ‘lThe proI-"iin-d disturbance more reacts upon us in every way, .\ concerns usi vitally that the (lov-

the consequence of poverty and Ipoverty is a bad customer. Our ‘customers are poor. and that lmekcs us the poorer.

We can hope only for a gradual |rellef out of this nation. War .poverty is complicated by two attendant conditions, One of these is tho necessary process of deflation and the other. the arti- ficial restriction of trad-e. ‘Defla- tion may vbe either a gradual de- cline or a series of violent drops. Economic and political dlscret iion may prevent the latter Mil achieve th-o form=cr., That is the best that can happen. But evsll allowing for that. the 11700995 "I deflation will‘be a constant slwvK

Would Not Bo Without Babys Own Tablets

Mrs. W. Beasley. Mille Roche. Ont.. writes: “l have used Baby's Own Tablets for tlm piist oiglil months and would not bc without‘ them. I used them for indigestion and teething and my baby

whatever. I can highly recommend the Tabelts to other mothers." What Mrs. Beesley says thousands, of other mothers say. The Tubletij are a mild but thorough laaatlvu which regulate the ‘bowels and sweeten tho stomach, thus driving ‘out constipation and indigestion and making teething easy. 'l‘he,v are sold by medicine dealers or by

is ciit- . ting his teeth without any trouble '»

‘and sow fresh seeds of illsscniion. iDoubtless the present clinns of Eu- Irope is u passing phase, but it is real today. Anil with nil our ‘in- ternal advantages it would seem ‘to me that our recuperation must be rrilatively slow under the ex- isting conditions. We. in Cunuila removed from the phychnlogical conditions of distracted ‘Europi-i. can keep our minds clear, and s: reinforce the more ilispasslonste visions. serener hopes and wiser projects which spningi from n, sense of the common good, and not from selfishness, revenge, or vainglory.

But it is when we turn from the immediate prospects to those of the future that we pass into n sun- nier environment. The future of Canadian industry in the trade in til-g world is full of promise and pntentlallly. It may sccni brighter because oi’ tho clouds 'n the foreground, but noverthcli-ss the grounds for optimism iiro great and substantial. Tho on- tlmism‘ that is natural lo tho (km- srlian it no '.'|‘.(‘l‘fl accident. l, springs: from a true. lnullnctivo. rouse oi grout powers 9c! l|ll|'l"lI zoil: of ii viuiit h-crltugc not ‘c: irnimcil lumll.

A IIIUF-‘l envoy of nil‘: ti» Hvri-os

impressive. With i-{rcui l-IIII undeveloped, (‘vi " . 'IiI_V flflh among the w pvt/Burt's iii the world. Aril -. wt‘ Il'!\'f‘ svniv- .1 begun iilli~n‘alvi\ srlvnilflv fIl-“Wll. The ~ ' yield for ilic .11 years ‘l . Ihli u-,.-:l iv-r was but 17,‘, i t-l= por e-w us - mpured w‘ ' ii" FLwzKn-ii. Our farmers illt." only awakening to the possibilit- ios of mixed farming. So in holii th-esc lines there are great IIPVPI-

mail at ‘Z5 cents a box from The Dr. Williams‘ Medicine C0,, Brock- vills. Ont. ’

opmcnts to be mndo. Canada's

ma cnsnnowarowu GUARDIAN

duh“ think nyet defined, area of

said c. a.‘ L“? h 1 Skinnick, 32o Maryland st, Willi, -- “v “K 1‘ P" w“ °' i ° “'°' ‘I ‘l

Ito the seemingly secure condi- _

‘lions of 1914 when the currency ""“"'"""' "“""‘" "I "n “MI” "m" of each country hail a deflnitc “ “"“'"“" “M” m m" "dvantagf"; tmnskmon mm gold. so that hi of oiliors. if (lannilzi ups superior Gxchange with other Countries I‘i',\‘1)l,‘l‘1"‘.‘l. in ccrtnln ilimctions. ‘t Con“ flucum“, with“, a points l'illl obtain from lln». poi-ll. of lb" on.» There must mama“, n“, ivorlil at loss mist tho ritlior tlilni-ts

- uppetitennd would iulvlsc you to

\

coal. iron. copper, gold, silver, lead. nickel, asbestos, (in the lass two of which we have something approaching a monopoly) and there are vast areas still unpros- pected. -No product of the eartu

e

"Q5?

ntgre

has today a greater t. uInI significance than has oil. It n; now the precious fluid of tho earth and is far more important than are the precious metafs. in the world of today the promised land ‘flows not with milk and ‘bon- ey, but with oil. And It is signifi- cant that the far Northwest con- tains an enormous. though not oil-bearing Canada is credited with iresources in coal, and the two great provinces which lack coal have the increasingly adequate compensation of splendid water- ‘powers. Only Norway rivals lifnnada in her water-power pt " ;cupitn than has any other part of the world, and yet It is estimated fthnt less than one eighth of we ‘available power is harnessed as ‘yct. This points not only to a lgroat utilization oi’ water-pow.

{for general manufacturing pur- Yposes, but also to the special- ilcvclopment of an industry of Ill creasing importance-kite‘ olccti-o