' 5'
oarooan a1. 1941
.4,
The c, T, F. has been in exi
1 lly and prestige (‘Selig-rs of Canada.
gallon. 15721168 last year in Ottawa t incorporation of our
new Sgt-up in our organization, lit the Board of Directors;
March 'lth and 8th. The Boa gsecutive at Jsnuaryt and other important matters. Teacher Shorts-IQ!
The Secretary pointed out that
committee was set up to investi-l gate the problem of teacher short-l E. A.‘ Crosthwaite of Saskatchewan was lppointed chairman of this com- The public at large must be informed of our opinion regard- lng the teacher shortage problem.
we across Canada. Mr.
lfiltl/EE.
mm repcrt will be given in later Issue of the Horizon). Standardization of Statistics:
Each of the nine provincial gen- eral secretaries was consulted as to the best method of arriving at gducallollfll statistics to deal es- pwllly with shortage of teach- ‘ll-s, minimum, maximum, and av-
erage salaries. 1f we are to kce
me public well-informed with up- lo-date information, we must adopt
mine method of our own, where by our reports will be fully re
ceived for the past year, by st least
the month of January following. Inter-Provincial Recognition of Teachers’ Certificates: At the Directors‘
teachcr in any other little delay. siiti 27th.
IIIIEY-PTOVIIICIBI Certificate Valid- stoii. and Dr. Crutchfield
Srptciiibcr, 1947. Memorial Building’: »
11d been decided in regard to thcl by
.\I9LllJ"I'iI Building. suggesitd P President Dr. ltiiller. (At the Conference in Halifax. a decision MS Lnally reached by which all
' THE 15o
‘m; for twenty-eight years, and has grown from a youns. ED1188- nng Ql-ganIZQIIOII until today it is recognized as one speaking with
for the
The year 1946-47 has possibly Men the most active of the Fed- shortly after our con-
Federation was completed. Because of the
was necessary to hold a meeting such “mung was held in Montreal on
|ppfOV€d the action taken by the their meeting in considered many
meeting in Montreal a resolution was adopted! calling for some type of certifi- cate whereby a teacher from one proiince might be accepted as a with very, '1‘his matter was re- ferrcd to a meeting of the Execu- tive of the C. E. A. on March 26th
Mr. A. B. Ross. con- vtiicr of the Special Committee on!
were l appciiimi a ccmmittee to present‘ a report for the i947 conference of the C. E. A.. which was held in
11‘ . .. .»--..-. -_-.=
THE C. T. F. IN REVIEW By J. A. S. Williams T“; GENEfiFOigCRETARYS
mission representing our C. T.
st- of the work, viz., and Citizenship; ment, and Community; Planning Commission. Uuesco:
Dr. Willoughby was chosen represent the C. T. F. on the Ca adian Commission to attend General Conference of he held in Paris in November, 194
l; C. T. F. in Halifax). Summer Seminar Workshop;
rd pose the inculcation of tional Understanding. Five tended from Canada. Education Week:
of November 2-8, and will with seven freedoms. Income Tax Exemptions; An attempt is being made t secure as deduction from Incom Tax the cost of teachers at Sum mer School. cost of teachers a
a their various conventions, cost. of attendance while marking exams. and, No such deductions,plain and downright fashion of
been secured, but it is; wooing, the homely courtship of hoped to make a case, which will
cost of professional books magazines. have as yet
be brought before the their decision.
World Organization of tho p Teaching Profession:
Our C. T. F. has become
_ amount necessary to join. Mrs the Conference to represent C. T. F‘. in Glasgow, Scotland. Federal Aid to Education:
1935 the C. F. T. has been advocat- ing such aid. A report of what has been clone. and suggestions as to vrhat will be attempted as a policy of the C. T. F. for the fut- ure will be given at the convention. (Watch for this report later in this paper). I Canada-United States Commltte
I on Education:
Montreal on May 2.‘: and 30. i944 Its purpose is to strengthen foundations of knowledge understanding necessary
zhe teachers of Canada will be i 1935i W" 0f "-5 "lenlbefs-
asked to contribute raise $50,000, such sum to be used in securing or building a Memorial In memory of those teachers who icst their llvcs in World War II). Central Office:
At R rental of $22 a month. a room has been secured in the Hope Chambers. Spark Street. Ottawa. In this room for the prcscnt will bc located the office of our C. '1‘.
F. lllli‘l our new building has been .
secured.
Appifntinent of Secretary- Trersurcr:
AppliCIilIOn! were called for to
secure a new General-Secretary, who is to replace the retiring Dr. Cruichficld. (After very careful consideration of the many applica- lions received. Mr. Croskcry of Oifawi ivns the unanimous choice rif tli: Directors at their meeting in Ottlu-ni. p National [Film Society:
The C. T. F. is now a corporate membci" of this society. Mr. Wayne Hall of Quebec has been chosen as the livison officer between this Fmlfil’ and our Federation.
Joint Planning Commission:
in order to‘
illuminated Address- John Barnett:
Dr. John Barnett. a Past-Presi- dent. of the C. T. F., who had re- tired from his duties in the Prov- ince of Alberta, was to have been presented with an illuminated ad- dress by the Federation. However. John's untimely and sudden death in Julie prevented such personal presentation. (The address was presented to his wife on behalf of the C. T. F.)
National Policy:
Last sflmmer, 1946 a National Policy was completed for the C. T. F. ,Two provinces suggested changes in it, New Brunswick and Manitoba.
Teachers-United Kingdom:
nro seeking permission to come to Canada. to teach. Just what stand we as a Federation will be decided at the Halifax Con- vention. conclusions later).
In the next issue of the Horizon we shall conclude the Secretary's Report. and say something about the National Code of Ethics, a new feature of the C.T.F'.
A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN P. E. I. (Continued)
By [I115 act, money was also set ascc for the erection of school houses in many localities. in i829 the erection of a central academy In Charlottetown was discussed. but due to the lack of sufficient revenue, thc building was not completed until 11135.
It opened iii the following year with Rev. Charles Lloyd ll Prin- flllal and Alexander Brown u assistant. ‘
A Board of Education, consist- IHK of five members, was establish- rd In 1830. Thedutles of this body were the licensing of teach- ers according to three classes, the lowest class receiving each year £5 from the Government and £20 om the parents, and the highest (‘lass receiving £20 from the Gov- irnment and £30 from the par-
I!- The increased cost of edu- “lion. as evidencing the anxiety the people to avail themselves Its advantages. was referred to 191th much ‘satisfaction in the Lt.--
_vernor's speech during the ses-
ll 0f 1830. Seven years later. in
7- sn set providing for the in- %afiilon of schools was passed. zmlhMacNeil was named school _i tor for the whole province and ’ l! liven the title of General Qllwrintendent of Education. ‘i!!! worked alone until 1844 when Yslseneral superintendency was enhanced by county superintend- “MP- MacNeil became superin- lmlflll 0f Queen's County. and I two co-workers were John Ross
I“ Klntfs. and Edward Blanchard I‘ Prince.
"grit distressing need for educa-
: of free education was passed. At,
this time the general superin- teiidency was re-established with John M. Stork, a famous Scottish educator, as Inspector of all schools. The three school visitors were also maintained in an effort
ficlrricy.
Mr. stark recommended that s Normal School be established l8 soon as possible, that the age level for teachers be raised to eighteen years. and that a gradu- ated scale of salaries be drawn up. His first recommendation re- suited in the opening of a Provin- cial Normal School in 1856. Mr. Stark spoke on that occasion and his remarks caused such a storm of protest that he was asked to resign.
Although the expenditure forl education has greatly increased nnd the apathy toward the schools? had lessened, the results during these years did not prove satis- factory. The teachers were still very much underpaid; poor teach- ing methods were in use in nearly all schools; the school buildings were poorly heated and ventilated: and school trustees were very care- less in the discharge of their dut- ies. Such conditions were not ex- ceptional but general.
In addition, troubles resulting from religious teachings in schools made up of different religious’ groups, caused‘the Legislature to; pass The Public School Act In 1877. In this act it was stated that sill public schools should be strict- ly non-sectarian. This same act‘ gave the Board of Education pow- i
We! the main topic of the Efilslstivo Assembly during the h"! 0f 1852. After much de- ' \ WI establishing a system I
er to authorize the re-arrangement of school districts and to reduce a school to the lowest class if there was a shortage of children bl-l
I The four members of this Com- i el-
gavo their reports on four phasesigou-q o; Our Interns-fed m‘; tional Responsibilities; Government’
Labour, Manage- and Joint ,
to. in a reliable history.
Il-f A thorough knowledge of the thefacts will add interest and ap- UNIBCOHprecIatIon to the study of the fliiplay. Shakespeare consulted the
(Dr. Wiiloughby gave a full re-’ port of his work in Paris, to the
Thls Workshop was conducted by UNESCO, and had as its pur- Interna- at-
Miss HIICILI iLriney of Manitoba headed a Committee to prepare a for Education Week in Canada. This will be held during the week deal
courts for-
afjcct of explaining the action of member of such organization. atid
- each province is asked to pay its Blair of Montreal was delegated to= the
Mr. Oates of Vancouver headed a Committee on Federal Aid. Since " Dionuses.
This organization was formed inl
the and to en- sure the endurance of friendship Up to this time nothing definite l and soodwill bet-ween Canada and the U. S. A. The Committee is composed of an equal number of representatives from Canada and the U. S. A. and the C. '1‘. F. al- \vays has been represented by at
Many teachers in Great Britain‘
should take ,
(We shall report on the_
to raise the level of teaching ef-j
CA TIONAL HORIZON
PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS 0F INTEREST TD TEACHERS AND ALL IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION
tween the ages of five and six- I teen. The first superintendent to cp- ate under this act was Edward
F-IMHHHIIIE- Acting as head of the popular support, so‘ that it re- Education, he presorib- mains the basis of our public DOORS. curricula, and school system today. LITERATURE
|this play, the student should read ‘the story of Henry's fifth reign
historian Holinshed for his his- torlcal facts. He follows Holinshed closely.
This is one of Shakespeare's most important historical plays. The whole play is designed t0 show the development of the ethi- cal character of the king.
There is no plot. It is essen- tially a play of action. The hero himself is a nlan of action. "The course of action is rather plain and smooth. its elevating char- _acter lies in the greatness of the facts, in the subjects more than in the form.
Again Shakespeare has allowed o no petty plots to interfere with e the great subject of his drama. - Hence, we find the play singular- t ly devoid of women. The intro- duction of the character of Prin- cess Katherine serves merely to display Henry's honest manly,
la soldier and a man of action. The Prologue is a short piece of verse recited before a dramatic liierfvrmanca begins or between ithe acts of a drama, with the ob-
, the play or of narrating the events .which are supposed to have taken
. place between the acts. The word "chorus" properly signifies a dance. Among the
lnncient Greeks. it denoted a num- lber of persons who advanced and sang choral odes at the festival of From it arose the anci- ent Greek lyrlc drama.
The chorus in Henry V. now- ever, bears little resemblance to
Before beginning the study of»
OTHERS SEEKING
courses of instruction. Ho met strong opposition in satisfying the requirements of the act, but its many strong points gradually won
1t consists of a single person who in Shakespeare's time used to advance at the third sounding of a flourish of trumpets, to announce that the play or act was about to begin. He was always attired in black, and wore upon his face an expression of humility signifying .the entire submission of the man- agers and actors to the public will.
In this play the chorus: (l) Apologizes for imperfections of ap- paratus and scenery or for defici- ency of numbers; (2) Gives ac- counts of connecting events; (3) Describes changes of scenes, and carries the imagination of the audience over intervals of time; (4) Describes actions unsuitable for dramatic treatment; (5) Makes general or descriptive remarks upon persons, scenes or events. "Muse". The muses were God- esses who presides over music and poetry. Authors, when about to enter upon some great work. usu- ally commenced by evoking the muse to aid and inspire; "Muse of Fire" an aspiring, inspiriting muse. "That would ascend the bright- est heaven of invention." That would raise her imagina- tion to the loftiest heights and put forth the highest powers of invention. "Swelling scene", increasing in interest and splendour. “Port of Mars". Especially in- dicates a stately bearing; this
THE GUARDIAN. CHARLUTTETOWN
PAGE ELEVEN
»
nnucarsok wens:
NOVEMBER 2~—l
General Theme: "EDUCATION FOR THE SE Daily Rddio Topics:
Sunday, Nov. Z:--"Freedom of Religion"—8.00 P.M., C.F.C.Y. Rev. J. P. E. O'HonIey, Ph.D.
Monday, Nov. 3:—"Freedom of Speech"—8.I5 P.M., C.F.C.Y. '
Dr. J. A. MocMiIIan.
Tuesday, Nov. 4:-Freedom to Choose Ono's Own Culling"-
I.05 P.M., C.F.C.Y. Lin-Col. Leo F. MacDonald
Wednesday, Nov. Ss-"Freedom From Feor"-7.30 P.M.,
C.B.A. (only) Mr. L. W. Show, M.A.
Thursday, Nov. 6:—-"Freedom For Leisure"—I.05 C.F.C.Y. Mr. Clarence Mercer, M.Ed.
Friday, Nov. 7:—"Freedom From Wont"—I.05, C.F.C.Y.
Mrs. Allison MocMillon.
Saturday, Nov. 8:—"Just Freedom"—7.45, C.F.C.Y.
Dr. G. D. Steel. , wig";-
VEN FREEDOMS"
ate in alternate service with the company's two liners "Lady Rod-I ney" and "Lady Nelson" from Hali- ’ fax to Bermuda and the eastern
months these three
\'.iI5.
amplifies the epithet "warlike" in line 5. - "Leashed in like hounds, should famine, sword and fire crouch for employment." King Henry is rep- resented as a huntsman, controll- ing the three hounds, "famine", "sword". and "fire". on a leash. The dogs crouch at his feet eager
to start forward but waiting their master's pleasure before dashing out on their prey. "Gentles", a term of courtesy, used in addres-
that of the ancient Greeks.
THE STORY OF BRITAIN'S PARLIAMENT
The main features of the Brit- ish Parliamentary system are its antiquity, its representative qual- ity and its adaptability. Through
. the centuries it has produced succession of statesmen often outstanding abilities
independence in public service. Pro-Conquest Britain. The Ang- les, Saxons and other races who settled in Britain brought with them their own systems tribal law, and the early English tKings were patriarchs with lim- ited authority. advised by a na- tional council _ the Wltenuge- mot - former of the nobles, gov- mot - formed of the nobles, gov- of the Church.
Power of The Barons. The Nor- man Conquest brought a new ruler and a new aristocracy to Britain and for the next hundred and fifty years the power of the Barons grew steadily. It reach- ed its height in Magna Carts, the Great Chartcr of 1215, which made
THE PLURA
A plural pronoun should not be used to refer to a collective noun that has already been used with a singular verb. |
Thep lurai form of pronoun. they, them. their, theirs-should not be used in referring back to singular antecendents. "Their" is used wrongly in the following.
, This committee goes on record as showing by their votes that. they are in favour of granting a IIICOHSB to this man. Every mem- ber of the committee .showed by
THE DOUBLE OBJECTIVE
There are two instances in which verbs are followed by two objectives meaning different things. These are: (l) The Direct and Indirect, as, "He gave me that." "He made me a coat."
Remember that the relation of the indirect" object may be, and often is, expressed by the preposi- tions to or for. But it is wrong to suppose that to or for is left out and is to be supplied. For ex- ample, it is wrong to say that "me" in the above sentence "is in the objective case governed by the preposition for understood." We must say that "it is the objective case being the indirect object of ‘made?’
(2) Two Direct Objects. Some- times there are two substantives meaning different things, both of’ which are directly affected by the, action of the verb, thus: “He, struck me a blow." The relation
RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT
Responsible Government means responsible to the people. This is nccomplished by having the Pro-- inicr and his Cabinet chosen from the party having a majority inl the House of Commons at Ottawml and In the Legislative Assembly! of each of the Provinces. The‘ Governor-General of Canada, and’ the Lieutenant-Governor of each of the Provinces act only on the, advice of their respective cab-i
.inets, and In this way conform to}
CURRENT
The Premier of Turkey is Has- san Saka. The "President of ‘mf- key is Ismet Inonu.
The_ Premier of Greece is The- mistocles Bophoulis.
R. o y a l Observatory moves. "Greenwich", the time centre of the world, on September 4 began its move from its original sits. on the River Thames to Hurstmon-
sing an audience.
MONCTON, October 28 — TWOI executives of Holt, Renfrew Company, J. A. Walker, president and chief designer J. K. Kastner. nave returned to Montreal from London where they received approval of a design [or a
coat to be given Princess Eliza- beth by the Canadian Government as a wedding gift. The two com- puny executives flew to and from England on a Trans-Canada Lines North Star Slcvliner.
also carried on the T.C.A. plane a number of coat designs. The com-
pany was commissioned to makei the mink coat, which will require about 85 skins of natural mink, because of a Royal rant granted years ago to suoplyl furs to Queen Victoria.
poetess and authoress.
The Canadian delegation to the U. N, Assembly is headed by the Hon. Louis St. Laurent. The new United States tary of the Army is Kenneth C. Royall. General MacArthur has ordered
PRINCESS‘ COAT
NOW MADE! last Jan Bantured 0n Guadalcanal
and
the mink
ported. He had
Air They
wild War-
Secre-
MELBOIJRNE. Oct. 2'1 — (Reu- ters) - The last Japanese soldier at large in the South Pacific area was captured today on Guadalcanal Island, the Melbourne Herold re-
surrendered with 19th Japanese Regiment at Bou- gainville at the end of the war, but escaped before his regiment was repatriated,
Recaptured 18 months ago, he escaped aglin and hid in the jun- glo. Native police ambushed him today and paraded him their commander.
His feet were wrapped in rags tied on with telephone wire, his uniform was in shreds and he had nothing but a waterbottle, a tro- kcn American bayonet and a Jap- anese trench shovel.
IOO l/ears Ayn
In I847 the poems of Robert Browning were being rnd and acclaimed - as was the first I847 Rogers Bros. patterns
M: I00!!!
fl/Il/IVERSAIRY ‘he THE POPULAR TOPIC OF CONVERSATION IS THE DESIGN OF THE CENTURY --- IN
SILVERPLATE . .
mOIIQtOIIIgTEDCO
MINER/I
before
al monarch, opposition again devel- whose! oped; have always been exercised within the parliamentary tradition of fearless
Teutonic
borough. This was the first attempt to of make Parliament representative.
the King himself subject to the
law. g Simon De Montfort. Under Henry III, another unpopular
and Simon De Montfort. the leader of the resistance, sum- moned to a national council or parliament, bishops. abbots, earls, barons, two knights from every shire and two burgesses from every
The same form of assembly was adopted for the "Model Parlia- ment" of 1295 under Edward I.
The Tudor Despots. During the long Civil Wars known as the "Wars of the Roses," the barony was almost completely destroyed on the battlefield. Wihen the rival factions were finally united under Henry VII the Crown as- sumed almost undisputed author- ity which it maintained under the other Tudors, Henry VIII, Mary and Elizabeth.
L PRONOUNS
_the expression on his face that
they were in favour of the en- forcement of the law. “He,” "him", "his" are used
to represent either gender when the gender of a singular personal antecedent is double or indeterm- inate. Every person wishes to better his lot in life. In marri- age, neither partner has the say all on his side. In legal docu- ments, of -course, the gender Is in- dicated.
of neither "me" nor "blow" can be expressed by the prepositions to or for; hence neither is indirect. Observe that one is the direct ob- ject of the person. while the other is a factitive object, an object that expressed the thing produc- ed by, or the result of, the action. Another example is: "He asked me a question."
The Double Objective in the Passive.
when the sentence is made passive. one object becomes the
sfiHfffflfl-‘u '
Canada.
Scotla.
the Japanese
The City of Moscow celebrated the anniversary of its founding on C Sent. 6. Thfs_was its 800th.
On August 15 the Domihinns of India and Pakistan were born. J. A. 1). v pointed Lieut-Governor
to ship oranges to
McCurdy has been ap- of Nova
‘s
-1“-I'~fi"~'.'-'h$%'-'-’~.‘--‘- ex."- -
"Canadian Constructor“ will oper-
MV. "Canadian Challenger" he added to the present fleet of
no \E.‘3S€IS operating to Nassau and Jamaica, it is announced by Cap- Iain R. A. Clarke, general mana- ger of the line. He also announc- ed that commencing the end of December, the Diesel vessels "Ca- iiadian ' - wh%a-f- C
‘uAosa-stnueqg) ‘~15 5"" 10s] Z I R ‘u-"Iiim-Iuulu ‘WIIIW 0‘! flaw-UPI"! a" Pllwlii pu- I pamoalosi an: illfllirllli-IIIIOD '- ‘IIQIIUJDPQJ iS-Iilljima] PIIEINI I yursspf] soups; 91H ‘l! 9919"]? s k-uoo s; suatus-mdvn ‘NJ. 1
i‘: nightly service out of Halifax to N .
feet for refrigerator cargo as well a: spare for general passenger accommodation is limited I '-0 12 persons. I
HALIFAX, N. S" 00b. 3O —Th¢ will-
C.N.R. TO OPERATE ‘FORTNIGHTLY BOAT SERVICE __.__ » I
anadian National Steamships car-
Cruiser" and “Canadian liallenger" will operate in a fort-
assau, Jamaica and return. These vessels provide 1500 CJIJIC
cargo, but
Starting mid December, the
Come and see this cle- Eant new pattern -- so
rilliantly beautiful . so distinctive that already l: has wan the plaudits of the nation's women.
EIGHT
WELLNEWS
J SINCE 1966
YOU ‘GET YOUR MONEWS WORTH
I II)!’ Ilia new qellyltiwlagt
group of islands. During the ivinte! vessels will ,;l0\'lde sailings at 15 days inter-
SERVICE FOI
$62.75
ON TERMS
subject, the other remains and is called the Retained Object», thus: I was asked a question, or a question was asked me. Question and me are retained objects. Bo
also in: A book was given me, or I was given a book. Remember that it is only with the double ob- jective that we can have an ob- jective case governed by a passive verb.
the wishes of’ the majority of the people concerned. This is also called a democracy, or a demo- cratic government.
Invest tin education. investment will piiy , such high dividends. Commerce and indus- try are requiring better standards and are putting more emphasis on education, maturity and skill. Sound educational developments need the support that only an in- formed public can give.
EVENTS
ceux Castle in Sussex. The trans- fer will take five years to com- plete.
Milton F. Gregg. v. V. presi- dent of the University of New Brunswick. has been named Min- ister of Fisheries in the Dominion Cabinet.
No . othpr
The Lorna Pierce gold medal for 1m was won by Dorothy Livesay,
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