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. --cmn I-mm Edwnni ulna Lila on on"

Published n-u-rv week day nornms at 165 Prince hliccl. P E. l.. by the Thomson Company LN- ; -ll King St W.. Toronto. T Mnnucul l)flll.'t'. 22': iunersuy Tuwal Bldg. 3 Editor Frank Walker c 6 Ian A Burnett

Charlottetown.

' nun Daily Newspaper Publisher: Association ; Ml-mix-r ill The Canadian Press '1 til:-inhci tnrlu Buvcau ul Circulalluna I: aim.-n uflir:-s .u sumnmsnle, Munlaxue and .tIIu-nun Allllmruml as Si-rnnrl Plans Mail by In: Post Office l)eiI.iI'fmi'nl. Ottawa. I) Currier lharlutlctiwi'II. summemde M300 put an- Ium Elscuflcre in l'E.I 59.00. Other Province! and l.'.s 512.00 per annum

” ; urn ;.-7” -"

F-:iThe7strongest memory is wealiervthauu the weakest lnk."

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it is apparent from the llarrls r L 1 budget that there is not likely to be a federal general election tlns year. Despite the good financial showing. as compared with the budget esti- mate. the tax cuts are few and in- consequential. There is, of course, a Yllljv plausible argument, namely the need of curbing inflation when the country is producing at maximum

('.'llI:ll'll). Next year demand for gnotl-' nmjv rlccrcasc slightly, reliev- , in: ,-rt---til-v on production. Or some l nlhm l'iVls0llS Will b0 fOUf1f'l for suvolwllllki the election pot if it is (lIWlll('ll in ::o to the count1'.V- Xlv. ll;n m. of course. is pleased mm mm xi-uris results financially.

The budget deficit is estimated at S.'yl.Tuu,uou. loss than one-third the .' . amount he had budgeted for and ' "P A not much more than a third of the actual deficit of the previous year. with the exception of agriculture. the national economy seems to have improved all around. Gross national production is up, and there has been a 30 per cent increase in total sav- ings. It is a story of booming eco- nomy-exrcpt. as we said, for oui' farmers. This being the case. it is to be hoped that every effort will be made this year to bring agriculture into line with other basic industries. One move which will be welcomed ii is the exemption of imported parts of farm machinery and equipment from tariff and 10-per-cent sales tax. effective immediately. Surely it must be evident. however, that aggressive. far-sighted policies on a much bigger scale are required.

The Government is budgeting for a surplus next year of 3i113.000,000. It is a coincidence that yesterday afternoon. prior to Mr. Harris' bud- get delivery at Ottawa. Premier Matheson had occasion to review our fiscal relations federally. and the picture he painted of our future prospects, under the conditions im- posed by the Federal Government, are certainly anything but reassur- ing. In a comprehensive brief which he presented at the Ottawa confer- ence last. October. he submitted in aatail our minimum budget require- ments, showing that our present provincial sources of revenue would require to be supplemented by an amount not. less than 53,700,000 an- nually for the next five years. Other Maritime Premiers have also shown clearly their need for more federal assistance. and have complained atrongly of the attitude taken by Ottawa in this regard. Confederation was formed as a provincial family partnership. No federal budget, however satisfactory in terms of surpluses. can be accept- able if gained at the expense of some of the partners whose very dis- ability renders them less effective in pressing their claims for due con- sideration. We hope to see closer un- ity in the Maritimes on this burning : question. and stronger pressure ex- erted through our elected represen- tatives lor a readjustment on the basis of our needs.

Red Cross Appeal

How many of our readers know that Prince Edward Islanders used 2.920 bottles of blood last year. which but for the Red Cross blood transfusion service would have cost our people b7.-3,000? That Red Cross ' disaster services rendered emer- gency assistance to 20 families whose homes were destroyed by fire? That 900 people enrolled in sixty First Aid classes. and 433 in- juries were treated at forty First Aid Posts staffed by volunteers? That 4,042 persons enrolled here in swimming and water safety classes lnipixty-three centres? That the Jun- 101 Red Cross is now organized in 90 -” - ' cent of our schools. teaching our dren health. service, good citi- -mfnhip and international friend- .-iliinut That a million flab liver oil . .- .. have been made available jghooig and different organb . 4 ;,f1.&0 articlcaof alckroom

' " lpofunhntlonl. I.- issooanaunu.

made up by women's groups and shipped overseas or used for local emergencies from materials provid- ed by Red Cross campaign funds? These are but a few of our prov- incial Red Cross achievements in 1553.”), as listed in the advertisement announcing this yca1”s campaign which runs frmn Nlarch 19 to 24. There is. no need to elaborate on the inugnificcnt service this organ- ization providcs. The campaign ob- jective for Charlottetown is 313,000, and (gr lhp Pl'tti'lllt'l3 3329.000. Con- gidoi-ing the mine received, this sum is is-rv small uulecd. it is hoped that all our citimis will respond gener- ml,-lhv and piompllx. as they have done ill the it-"tel

Lauseway Discussion ,m,..m.m 1- Villllfll to a letter in

totlavs Puhh,- Furlllll from a corres- ,,,,,,,1,.,,, Mm 1,,-.-1.-1-.lo remain an- 1)n)11l()llsg lull iillilplt lltlllli" we hi-IVE in ,-.,,,;;.i.,-,,.-.- Tins lulu.-r raises im- pm.,um ,,,,,,,,. my consideration, am W. m.1,.,,m.; an. El contributions to our column-. flu: lhCI':' is One stntcnicnt wlni-ll is flllslliilfllng and ninth we fcvl olrllswl 1” VOVVECL

Pi'vtrier Klutlivsuli lifts Hill tlllD'33l9(l to all l-'lundcr-' to Klimt Vflmplete un;uunnty on the L'2iu-vWil.V P1'0' pout.” lie has appcalcil for llll2ml- mm ill pressing for a full and com- plclc survey of the Cziiiscway pos- sibilitics. Engineers who have al- rcatlx hi-cn consulted do not share the views expressed by our corres- ponrlcnt as to the ice difficulties. but this is no reason for brushing them aside. The survey should certainly take into consideration the views of our car ferry officers and all others who have expert opinion to offer. If those opposed to the scheme still be- lieve it to be fantastic, they should he the first to support the Legis- lature in moving for the survey as soon as possible. That would setth-'3 the ninttf-I:

As we slatofl before. the interest now arousrrl in the subject. makes this the most favorable time for pressing for an investigation by the Federal Government. The be st engineers on the continent should he obtained for this purpose. and they should be thoroughly unbiased as well as qualified technically and otherwise. Surely this is a reason- able proposal. and the most. press- ing one at this time.

EDITORIAL TJSTTS

The Soviet leaders are now busy debunking the Stalin myth. They could have saved themselves the trouble if they had accepted the free world's estimate of his rcgimc in- stead of denouncing it as "capitalist propaganda "

I O O

The car ferry deficit was 551.624.- tiiifl last year, but this comes out of the consolidated revenue fund and should not be credited against Prince Edward Island. One of the st rongcst arguments for the propos- ed causeway is that it will do away with these recurring deficits. which are bound to increase with expand-

ing traffic demands. I O O

The l'nitcd States is inclined to blame the Soviet Union for most of the trouble in the Middle East. The Soviet Union. in turn. blames the United States. Israel agrees partly with both and not completely with either. Premier Ben-Gurion told his parliament the other day: ”If war should come, the moral responsibil- ity will rest with the Soviet and Un-

itrul St ales gowrnnicnts". I . U

A poll on the drinking habits of ('.an;idinns and Americans produces evidence that should cause consider- able concern in this country. It slimvcrl that while the percentage of drinkers in the United States has rim-lincrl from 67 per cent to 60 per cent since U143. the percentage of drinkers in Canada has increased from 50 per cent to 72 per cent. In six years the number of Canadian drinkers has increased by 22 per

cent. ' f 9 o 0

What makes A man in a high government post give it all up and run for election in a region where he has no more than a 50-Si) chance of winning? That. at any rate, is what former Secretary of the In- terior McKay has just done. He is to oppose Senator Morse of Oregon in next fall's campaign. Morse was elected as a Republican. then turned Independent. and is now seeking re- election as a Democrat. Hf: strength in Oregon is said to be very great. Rumour has it that the President thinlu McKay is the only man likely

mag.

moaougtne .CHf:ERSg

PUBLIC FORUM

THE CMJSEWAY PROJECT

Sir,-In spite of Premier Mathe- son's plea that all islanders show complete unanimity on the Cause- way proposal the time has come to refute many of the arguments and claims advanced to date con- cerning both its construction and cost.

if our democratic principles are in be maintained. lhen con- structive criticism on a project

of this magnitude should he nel- comcd and not discouraged. in this connection it is a regrettable incident that our Federal repre- sentative from Kings County should liavc been so unjustly cri- ticizcd for expressing an honest opinion. As may be seen later in this letter perhaps his views wcrc'nl so erroneous after all.

Of course there is no argu- ment against the basic fact that a causeway would provide some imprnvcmcnt in traiinporlation facilities as compared to the pre- sent ferry service -- but only if the causeway were suitably pro- tected against the effect of storms and wind-driven ice fields. Claims have been made that these haz- ards do not exist as far as the proposed causeway Ias detailed in the press Feb. 27thl is con- corned. This is indeed I danger- ous illusion.

The only people in a position to give considered opinion rela- tive to those hazards are the cap- tains and deck officers of the car- ferry service who have first hand knowledge of ice and storm erm- dilions of the area in which the causeway would be built. How- ever the advice of these officials has never been sought.

It is indeed folly to assume that conditions in the Straits of Canso are at all comparable to those in Northumbcrland Straits or that the type of causeway re- cently fnmplcted in the Strait of Canso would be successful be- tween Cape Tormenline and Bor- den. Such a supposition would more properly belong to the realm of Science Fiction.

To be more specific--agrument have been presented in our Legis- lalive Assembly to the effect that "board" or fixed ice would form on both sides of the causeway and so protect it from any dang- of wind-driven fields over-

CT runmn the road surface of the CIllS('Wa)'.

The fact of this matter is that the ”lee" side of the causeway would I almost always open wat- er as the wind would move any ice that formed on the lee side away from this side of the cause-

way.

To illustrate this point let us assume first that a fairly strong SI-1. winrl has cleared the N.w. tlecl side of any ice leaving sever- al miles of open water on this side. Now. as so often happens, within in few hours the wind could swing around to the N.W. quart- er. Let us now assume that the wind increases to a strong gale force of 50 to 60 M.P.H. and still coming from the N.W. and see what happens. The ice fields which were previously driven from the N.W. side would return toward this side of the causeway rlrivcn by a mile force wind aug- mented possibly by a rising tide (there would still be tidal cur- rents a few miles from the cause- wayt. An lee field driven in such a manner could very easily reach a speed of 2 knots (3.38 ft. per second). A simple illust- ration from high-school Physics can well show the forces nf nat- ure involved here. if the leading tr-.9. field approaching the cause- way at say 3!: ft. per. sec. had an area of to nq. mile: and was lit ft. thick such a mass nf in: would weigh approximately IZV2 million tons. Such a field would be a fair average in area and thickness. The Kinetic energy of this 1294; mega-ton man would be approximately 2V. million ft. ions. fMXV squnredf2x32.1t

In order to appreciate tlw maz- nltudp at such a force 2h mil- lion ft tons could theoretically lift a mass at approximately tsoovi tons a wtrtical distance of so ft. That would ba more than 5 time:

gloss lonuau of M V.

protected side of a causeway. A considerable portion of such an ice-field would simply slide over the causeway and deposit thou- sands of tons of huge ice-cakes on the roadway and rails. In oth- er words you would have a very real disaster. How long it would take to remove this ice If! the causeway would be useable again is anybody's guess. Depending on how much of the causeway were affected it could be days or pos- sibly weeks. if any cars or pos- sibly a train happened to be trap- ped on a causeway with ice run- mug over it the disaster would surely become a tragedy.

Of course I do not presume to predict that the disaster describ- ed above will happen often. Pos- sibly even a few winters might pass before the required condit- ions of wind. ice and tide would combine just at the right time. However this is a very real and definite threat that cannot be un- dcrcstimated or overlooked.

Now let us consider storm con- ditions--especially in late Novem- ber and December before ice forms in the Straits. An unpro- tccted causeway would on many occasions be deluged by freezing spray and in severe storms solid water would come over it. A sub- stantial, thickness of ice would certainly form on the rails and roadway. I don't. think I need to elaborate on the effect this would hnve on transportation.

in order to eliminate these hav- ards a high safety factor is re- quired on a. project of this magni. tude pend importance. The only practical method of protection is a line of breakwatcrs on each side of the causeway for the flrealcr part of its length. Even a re-inforccd concrete sea-wall erected on the causeway would not be complete solution In the problem--although it would be bet- ter than nothing at all.

Brcakwatcrs would allow a solid sheet of board ice to form along the sides of the causeway. Wind- driven running ice would then raft high on the breakwater: and contain itself there and be pre- vented from reaching the cause- way. The breakwater: would also dissipate the force of the waves during gates and storms and so eliminate the spray hazard.

Admittedly the cost. of break- waters might even approximate the cost of the causeway itself. However without them the cause- way Just would not be a sound engineering proposition by any means and would ultimately prove tn be the engineering fiasco of the century.

I admit that these are strong words--however I sincerely he- licve they are badly needed to re- fute some of the questionable claims and superficial thinking put forward by many of the good folk on the bundwaggon. however good their intentions may be.

in a subsequent letter I would like to deal further with this question of cnnstniction. cost. and effects of the proposed cause- nay.

I am. Sir. etc. ENGINEER Borden. P E I.

EXHIBITION SIDE SHOW:

Sir.-As this is the time of year when people in this part of the country plan their summer pro- grams, a few comments on our chief summer attraction should not be out of order. I ruler. of coursr. in old Home Week and the Provincial Exhibition. Thin feature has earned for itself a lit h place not only in our own Prov nce but elsewhere In Canada and the us. The excellent oxhiblta of livestock. poultry. handicrafts along with a well balanced program of raclnl and vaudeville combine to form entertainment which is looked for- ward to by young and old.

There is. lwwcve . one asnrc-I of "iii; !ltlfI)W ifn wihlctlll! no 8:?! can take yr 9. tee: is a" I-"thaws which ocupy web a large at! prominent apace la the midway. The advertisement: proclag this

bugle. on year old y

male. iaudszvex ' - I ” ' . WT 'l

EVENING PRIMROSE Now the day: close opens the primrose. Just as a fist uncurls its fingers So the primrose when the sun goes 5

Opens its petals lemon color. , All at once where the stem was

bare.

Where sunlight failed to make I flower.

Suddenly there is a blossom thcrc. -

A yellow blossom in the dusk hour. .

High on its slam in the twilight I see,

While the sunset with flame.

Down in the hollow of the Valley l

The blossom of the primrose came.

So you shout to the sky. though there is no sound.

Make the twilight longer. longer!

But night hears nothing. makes no answer.

Just pulls the dark in over the ground.

-Elizabeth Jane Aslley in the New York Herald Tribune.

swept the sky

take her to it? Let us hope we liavo seen the last of these vulgar dis- plays. which have disgraced our otherwise excellent exhibition year after year. They will not be missed. i I am. Sir, etc.. 3 READER 4

out: vssnsnmvsl From The Guardian Files,

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (March 21. 1931)

Hon. John A. MacDonald. MP. for Kings. Minlste iwithout port- folio in the Dominion Government, will leave shortly for Havana to discuss with the Cuban Govern- ment Jrlous trade matters. with

particular reference to the export of Maritime potatoes to Cuba.

The furnishing of the new Can- adian National Hotel is progress- ing very satisfactorily. All the bed- room furnishings in the 110 rooms have been installed and at pres- ent the carpets are being laid. The work is under the direction of Mr. A.H. Mould, manager of the hotel.

Officers of the Provincial Police Force are taking a course in first aid methods extending over a per- iod of several weeks. The instruct- or for the group is Mr. George Chandler. a ter of the St. John Ambulance Corp.

TEN YEARS AGO (March 21. 1946)

In the Legislature yesterday the attention of the Minister of Agric- ulture was drawn by Mr. Philip Matheson to the serious shortage of veterinarians in the Province. Recently. Mr. Mathcson said, the situation has become very acute and of late there has hcfn an epi- idemic among certain herds of cattle.

A second UII'-ll(TOSSflll attempt. was made yesterday by the ferry "Fairview" to cross to Rocky Point. The first attempt made on March ill was the earliest. date on which the Fuirview has ever tried to make the crossing.

It. was learned last night that temporary arrangements have been made by the Provini.-ml Gov- ernment, whereby milk and meat ' tinn for the City of Char- lottetown will be carried out at the Provincial Laboratory.

The Age Old Story

Oh, how great is Thy goodness. which Thou hast laid up for them that fear Thee; which Thou hast wrought for them that trust in Thee!

HOME ECONOM!CS SCHOOL

OTTAWA (CF) A school of home econonncs will be opened at the University of Ottawa next Sep- tember. Rev Rndrbzue Norman-

: dill. rector of the university. an-

nounced Tiiostlny. Home economics studies will be directed by the sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame. who now direct similar

- schools at Laval University in Que-

bec City and St. Francis Xavier University at Antigonlsh. N.S.

The Jenkins Pharmacy DIAL 4219 We're as near as your Phone.

Page 4. The Guardian

NOTES BY THE WAY

The optimist la the man who has already ordered his garden ueda. -Oshawa Times-Gazette.

Perhaps tblnga aren't quite as bad .s they seem! There in room on the cables and in the news- papers for the momentous news that H Majesty the Queen had spaghetti for luncheon on Tuesday and again for dlnnerlo-Ottawa Journal.

The rumpus over fluoridation here and there begins to remind us of Ottawa's pure water ww 40- odd years ago. Except that so far nobocly has filled any 5-gal. bot- ties with rusty old boiler water and displayed them in drugustore windows around town, labeled "Ottawa Rlverl”-Windsor Star

The greatest optlmlgl. would agree that doubling t.he.physical size of Canadian universities with- in elght. or nine years is a hope beyond realization. The alterna- tive would seem to be between a greater use of existing buildings. or a failure to meet an urgent and inevitable national need.- Montreal Gazette.

Some men have made long your- ncys to find their way back to the enchanted world of their child- hood. Many a man has come as a child to this country from the Old World. As the years have gone on he has heard echoes from dis- tant memory of the hills and fields of the far-off home. And he has been drawn back to make the pil- grimage to the place he had first known.- -Montreal Gazette.

The "Mae West” is one of the few narrow gauge lines still opera- ting in South Africa. For more than fifty years the train. which gets her popular name from the numerous curves on her route. has daily made tier leisurely way be- tween Port Shepstone and Hard- ing in the southern part of Natal. On her two-foot wide rails. she climbs nearly 3.0t)0 feet over a dis- tance of seventy-six miles from the coast. taking ten hours to do it. Some of her trucks are only waist high, with wheels about the size of a 'hcelbarrow's. llcr day coach is just twelve feet long. In 1921 well-known long-distance runner Arthur Newton beat the train by running the distance in eight hours. In justice to the "Mae West," it must be said that Newton had no stops to make.-C.V.0. M i .

Yet if Waalilnllon intends to 3 beyond upressiom of hope that; Cyprus negotiations can be resum.

the British hint they migm feel free to ask pointed questions about American poIicy,on another controverslal island--Formosa- Christian Science Monitor.

The leglalative aaaembly of Au. berta adjourned on Wednesday be. cause Premier Ernest Manning was going out of town. In Britain everything stops for tea. In A1. bertn everything stops for M,-, l"8nnlnt:- ”o Mr. Manning no gov. ernment. No Mr. Manning no leg. islature.-Calgary Herald.

Nowhere in the entire multlmll. lion Soviet press does one find . local item-an accident. a crime. some piece of human fortune or misfortune. The local incident, the human being is nowhere to be seen; at most, one reads of somg Stakhanovite setting a production record. or else a carefully select. ed functioning of some bureau or factory. The skyscrapers, the con- structlon work. the collective or. ganization are overpowering: "1? human being is nothing. He doesn't count. He doesn't appear.FNew Loader.

succrss

Almost everyone feel: on sounder ground to deal with a successful enterprise

in any field.

has paid more dividends and is recommended by the most investment (haters in Canada.

EASTERN SECURITIES com-any Lmmu uo lklunond sf. cu-I-mun

144 Richmond St.

E. R. Brow & Son

Fire, Auto, Life, Accident, Sickness And Plate Glass Insurance

At Lowest Rates

Agent at Summersido -- D. O. STEWART

Charlottetown

This ambitious ll-year-old Scot came to Canada it 1845. Versatile. adaptable. ho oonquuntl problem aha problem.

In IBSI. also int Can: "Adlmive poauga lab&.” Ilia than pmy was the "leave" stamp.

E

1,. An Chief Engineer. In di lb Iatueoionial Railway and the tram- eonlinenul C.P.R.. completed ii 1885.

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