FEBRUARY 13', 1115i:

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

-rrus GUARDIAN, CHARLOTTETOWN

THE ED U CA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VIEWS or INTEREST T0 TEACHERS saw au. oral-ms seamsc

P. E. I. TEACHERS’ FEDERATION BRIEF TO MASSEY COMMISSION

Chairman, and Members of m,’ Royal Commission on Na- donal Development in Arts, utters, and Sciences:

Th; Prince Edward Island Teach-

’ Federation is a. provincial organllﬂtlOfi, affiliated with the ganadlan ‘Teachers’ Federation, and mmprlses approximately seven hun- dred members. This provincial fed- pration of teachers became incor- porated in 19-15, with the following

as its aims:

l. To promote nnil advance the cause of education;

b, to raise the status oftheieach- mg profession; c. to promote and idvance the interest of teachers, and 1c secure conditions which will make possible the best professional ser- vices:

d. fa arouse and increase public htsrest in educational affairs;

p. and to co-opercte with other teachers" organizations through out tiic Dominion of Canada, having the same or like objects.

At first thought thcseaims of our Foileration may seem to indicate little definite connection with cul- ture: but, after all. is it not the purpose of education to train a person to live an effective life- onc that enables him to make both a reasonable living and a proper use of lesiure time?

Docs it not unquestionably follow that. a suitable background for the proper appreciation of the Arts and Sciences should ho developed in the pilblic schools? Such an appreci- ation. howevcr. cannot be acquired without our first attaining the prop- ar standard of education. 'I‘hat this is not being done is indicated by m» Armv Examiners’ Reports. which state that the general level of cducntion of IhﬂSo of the armed forccs from the rural districts of the lifarltime Province is the lowest in thc whole of Canada.

The t-wo basic rcqlrcmcnts ncedcd h civo our children a sound educa- Qion arc: FIRST. good teachers; and SECOND. adequate buildings and equipment. W» have niaccd these basic requirements in the order of thrir importance bccausc socndiniz Iuollnv on hulldlnr: nnrl PﬁlilpmPnt i.- aiienluiclv usclcs: unless thcre arc available tcachcrs \v‘ho are lriicrcstcd. wcli-traincd. and hav- lnr! the necessary adequate know- lcrlrfc.

'i‘his sunplv of pronerlv qualified illeachcrs. however. is lacking. There are schools vacant because toxic-hers are not available: and in addition:

CURRENT

Dr. l-‘tajendra Priisad. M-yar old disciple of the late Mohandas Gandhi, was named first President or the Indian Republic.

Although mdia has renounced any eglance to the King, she will con- ue to rermm a member of the

Dmimonwealth under an elastic iu- Oemretatlon of Commonwealth as- iation. Prasad will hold Office

r five years, after which he can

reelected. according to the new dian Constitution.

Hie will he chief of state. with 8e formal function of appointing

s Prime Minister and command-

a large number of schools have to be satisfied with Permit teachers. The small number of students ‘enrolled in the-Teacher Training classes of Prince of Wales College does not fill 50 per cent of the vacancies caused by those leaving the profess- ion each year.

What causes this shortage? The LeZerte Report lists: FIRST, low salaries; and SECOND, unattrac- tiveness of rural working and living conditions. For these two reasons, it has been possible to attract into the teaching profession very few young people of the highest calibre and good cultural background. More- over. even our most cultured teach- ers find themselves greatly handi- capped in their attempt to create the proper atmosphere for a deer! appreciation of the Art-s and Sciences in schools, so often drab in appearance, lacking in equip- ment. and altogether unsuited to perform their functions as cultural centres in their respective com- munltics.

Teaching in our schools is truly an essential and basic public ser- vice and that it must be main- tained no one will deny. We find. however. tht to improve our present status in education. we require greatly increased finances. It is generally conceded that no under- taking of any kind succeeds unless adequately financed. Therefore, if wc wish our schools to carrv out properly their roles in the cultural life of the community. the provlncc and the nation. adequate finances are absolutely necessary.

What is to he the source of the mom-v needed for this extra ex- penditure’: Since our provincial covcrnment is already paying 5'1 education approximately one sev- enth of its total revenue. and since our province's meagre natural re- sourccs limit the ratenayer-‘s abil-

Eiv to nav. Federal Aid tn Educa- tion. we feel. is liv- main solution as far as Prince Eduiard Island is couoe ned. '

Sue Federal Aid. we believe. however. should he considered with a vicw tn equalizing educational opportunity. so that all Canadian children. irrespective of 100M100- mav be iztven the same chance to secure that degree end riualttY "Y education which mav enable thc-m to take their proper place in the cul- tural life of their country. Respectivcly submitted.

prince Edward" Island Teachers‘ Federation.

EVENTS ing the armed forces. His powers are subject to advice of his cabinet.

The cabinet will be directly re- sponsible to the Inwer House of Parliament. the boo-member House of the people, elected according to poprulaton.

The Upper House of the New Par- liment, the Council of States will be presided over by the Vice-Presl- dent. Twelve of the Council's mem- bers are to be appointed by Prasad and the remainder will he elected by state legislatures on a populat- ion basls. Hindi. is to become fnidirs official language. Jaho Peasiklvi is President of Finland.

FEDERAL ONDIiNiET

' Prime Minister-Rt. Hon. L. B. 5t. Iaurent.

'I‘rado and Commerce-Rt. Hon. Q D. Howe.

Agriculture-Rt. ‘non. James G. Gardiner.

Labour - l-lion. Humphrey Mit- ﬂieili.

Public Works-Hon. Iournier.

N n

Ilaxton.

National Health and Welfare- Ion. Paul Martin.

Finance-Hon. Douglas Abbott.

National Revenue and Mines and mhnical Surveys-Ham. J. J. Mc-

Alphonse

L

' Def Hon.

n. _ lwnhry of State-Ron. Gordon

E. Bradley. Transport-Jun. Lionel chevrier. Justlce-Jl-Ion. Stuart S. Carson. Veterans Affairs-Hon. Milton 1". Gregg. V. C Solicitor mpointe. External Affairs-Hon. L. B. Pearson. Fisheries-Alon. R. W. Meyhew. ‘ ‘ General-Hon. E. G.

‘General-Hon. Ho!!!”

=- Rinfret. Resources and Development-Hoh- R. ‘H. Winters. Citizenship and Hon. Walter Harris. Government Senate Leader-Hon. wishart MacLesn Robert-wh- Minlster without Portfolio-Hon. .1. A. MacKinnon.

Immigration-

INDONESIA

‘liho Provincial constitution of the MPubl-ic of Indonesia went in- effect on December 27 iihe dey the tch formally gave up their eon- ﬁrol of Indonesia. The provisional Ionatibirtion will be usQdA-o govern iii island archipelago until a. per-

manent constitution is drslwn up. The provisional constitution pro- vides for s federal union of sixteen states making up the United States of Indonesia and is based on demo. cratic principles. The United States of Indonesia

NAPOLEON and UNCLE ELBY by Clifford McBride

Ill- SNON ‘aGJ NA SCEN

wlEtKf B IN ‘IIVNDVE. ITGJU3FAFLASN 7H HEART“

has already been recognized by most, of the members of the United Nat. ions. Dr. Soekamo was made Presi. dent of the new republic and Dr, Hatta, premier.

Tihe name of the capital] of the United States of the Indonesia "ha-Med Devember 27 from Batsvla to Jacarta, its old Indonesia deals. nation.

Jacarta means "important City”. The Dutch renamed the city Ba“. via. when they landed there more than 360 years ago.

The President of the Philippines is Eipido Quirlno. The word "Dom- lnlon- no longer forms part of aha name of our country.

The practice of omitting the words "Dominion of" from before "can. ads" was adopted inall government documents starting Octobgr i, 1941 1n letters patent of October 1, 194.7, the words “Dominion of" were droip_ Ded upon orders of the British par-

hut Canada is no longer a dcmin- ion and it was superfluous to have two words in the name.

A large discovery of pltchblende is reported tn have been discovered in the goldfields nrca of northern Saskatchewan. some 500 miles north of Prince Albert.

Pltchblende is the chief source or uranium finds in Canada. Canada now has 25 national Parks. New parks are planned for New Bruns. wick. Newfoundland and along the Alaska Highway.

The Premier of Dvvriac Ccmrhcll.

‘The President of West German Republic is Theodor Heuss.

The Director of the European Re.

Manitoba is

It is the smallest Dominion of the British Commonwealth of Na- tions. North island 11.21.544.281 square miles and South island has 58,092 Square miles. Neil-her‘ island is widcr than 280 miles at any point. The total area of New Zealand ls 103,862 square miles. The population is less than 2,000,000 people.

The Dominionﬂs n-earest neighbor is Australia 1,200 miles across Cook Strait. About 6,000 miles to the east is South America.

About two hundred years before Columbus discovered America, the Maoris discovered the land now called New Zealand.

_Tbe Maorisdwelt in compara- tive isolation until 1642 when a Dutch sea. captain Abel Tasman, sighted the islands. It was not until Captain Cook visited the land in 1769 and established friendly re.- lations with the natives, that the country's existence became widely known.

Until the nineteenth century it was whaling, sealing and native timber that drew men to New Zea- land; thm the opportunity to "M. llillfe limd became one o! the main attractions.

With the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Eluroprvs interest in establishing Pacific Colonies as sources of primary products for their lerédustriaiizing populations increas-

from France as

Answers TO

1. LORI Nelson. i. King George VI. 3. General James Wolfe. 4. Sir Francis Drake. 5. Taken from the speech of Henry VIII’ to his last Parliament. 6. King Charles I. 7.

ltlisslonarics

Self-management is an art which, unfortunately, some people do not know, but anyone who wanted to, could learn it easily. A recent book outlines seven steps in self-man- agement.

1. Do the things that don't waste your time.

2. Never give yourself an alibi\ face it.

3. Don't blame others-take it on the chin.

4. Be honest with yourself-no room for kdding here.

6. Don't be a slave to whims.

6. Be firmer with yourself than

wunt—

Records of churchmen an of great importance, for they were for many centuries the most bookqeam. ed clas of people in the land. and they had much influence in shaping the history of England. Stephen Langion. Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 122R; had a large share in securing the Magna Charts from King John, 1215. Anselm. 1033-1100, Archbishop of Canterbury; the first protector of the English against the Norman king and Nobles. for Anselm did not approve of the conduct of Willi. am Rufus and of the way in which he continually robbed the church. 1-‘fe was the greatest student in his day of the science which treats of God and of man's duty.

Thomas A‘ Becket, 1118-70 Arch- bishop of Canterbury; noted for up. holding the rights of the church in the reign of Henry II; his quarrel with the king finally led to his murder in Canterbury Cathedral. The pilgrimage to Beokeﬂs shrine became one of the most popular in llmirland.

The Venerable Bede. 078-785; an English historian; spent most of his life in the monasteries at Wear- mouth and Jarrow. where he had a school of 000 monks; he has been called "the father of English learn- inw": the father of our national John Wycliff. 1024-84: the rector of Iutterworth: "Dllosed the order of Begging Friars. and freely criticised certain teachings of the church; founded an order of "Poor Preachers"; translated the Bible from Latin into mglish; often called the "Morning Star of the Reformation".

William Tyndale. 1484-1536: the first to translate the scriptures in-

lament. The explanation givenwas 4

The New United States Beer-g. ta-ry of the Interior is Oscar L.

Chapman

The French Minister of Foreign Affairs is: Robert Schuman.

The i949 Nobel Chemistry Prize was awarded to Canadian bom. Dr. William Francis Glauque.

President of the East German (Soviet sponsored) Democratic Re. public is Wilhelm Pleck.

The winner of the Nobel Peace grize for 1949 is Lord John Boyd

rr.

Foreign Minister of Soviet Russia. Andrei Vlshlnsky. Premier Jawg- herlal Nehru of India paid his first visit to the United States and Can- ads 1019.

President of the United Nations Assembly is General Carlos Romulo.

The Premier 0f France is George Bldault.

The President of the Canadian National Railways is Donald Gor- on.

Archives - the place in which government records are kept.

Chancellor of the Exchequer- Title of the British Minister of Finance.

Canada's leading cities in point 0f Dimulatlon now are Montreal. Toronto. Vancouver, Ottawa and Hamilton.

The Lieutcntant-Governor of Nova Scotla is Hon. J. A. D. McCurdy.

Mrs. Nancy Hodges has been made Speaker of the British Columbia Legislature It is believed to be the first time in the British Common- wealth that a woman hes held the position of Speaker.

The Premier of Greece is Alex. andcr Dlomedes.

covery Program is Paul G. Ho“. man. Sidney G. Holland. N-EW ZEALAND

well as England began to arrive to work with the Maoris, but. in 1840 through a treaty with native chiefs, the island became a Brit- ish colony.

systematic settlement began with the formation of the New Zealand Trading Company and twelve years later the colony was granted the right of self-government. In 1907 New Zealand was given Dominion Status.

The head of the Government is the Governor-General who is the Personal representative of the king, Bipliointed by "him. Ultimate legis- lative authority rests in the Parlia- ment of New Zesland. It consists of two parts; a Legislative Council. or Upper House; and a House of Representatives. or lower House.

Members of the Upper House are appointed for seven years by the Governor General. They have no power to initiate or amend legisla- tion imposing taxation or affecting revenue. Other legislation may be initiated or amended In the Council but bills are generally introduced in the Lower House. There are eighty members in the House of Representatives of whom four are Maori! (there are about 109.000 Maoris in New Zealandi. Registra- tion is compulsory and all citizens over 2i years who have lived in New Zealand for one year and in a particular electorate for three months. may vote. '

WHO SAID

oliver Cromwell. 3. Bamuei Pepys wrote these words in praise of Oliver Cromwell. 9. Wolsey. 10. Charles 1'. 11. Queen Elizabeth. 12. Wolfe. 13. Walpole. i4. Lord Nelson.

MAINAGE YOURSELF

you are with anyone else-if you ‘have to get tough. get tough with yourself. ‘I. Boss yourself more than you do others-main the old boy toe the mark and you will be all right.

Doing notihlng for other! is the undoing of one’! self. We nurst be purposely kind and generous, or we miss the best part of existence. The heart thetgoesoutitself gets large and full of joy. This is the great secret of the inner life. We do ourselves the most good doing some. thing for others.

NOTED CHURGHMEN

to English from the original Greek and Hebrew; went to live on the continent, where his books were printed; he was betrayed at Antwerp into the hands of his enemies, and after a long imprisonment was burned as a heretlc.

Willlalrn of Wykeham, 1323-1404: the great Bishop of Winchester, an able lord Chancellor of England and a noted architect; he built Winchester School and New College, Oxford.

Thomas Wolsey. Cardinal Chan- cellor, and Ingate, 101-1580; A noted Churchman and statesman of Henry vUYs reign, lived in great magnificence: loyally served the king. but was deprived of all offices when unable to carry out the king's wishes. _

Hugh Latimer. Bishop of Wor-

dhester. 1400-1565: imprisoned for opposing the statute of Blx Articles; an eloquent preacher of the Re- formation d-uring the reign of Edward VI: burned at Oxford with Ridley when Mary ascmdod the throne. Thomas Oranner. 1409-1600. Arch- bishop of Canterbury; obtained the favour of Henry V111 and power- fully- helped the Reformation movement both in Henry's reign and Edward W's; was burned at the stake in the reign of Mary.

William laud. 1605-1646. Arch- bishop of Canterbury; chief advisor- of Charles l: tried to force the use of the English Prayer Book on the Boots; and was very harsh tn- wards dissent in England. He was imprisoned along with ‘Thomas Wmtworth. and after a long im- prisonment was executed.

John Wesley. 1701-91; a great reii-rious rovlvalist. who travelled on horseback some @0500 miles in

The Premier of New Zealand is’

- PAGE NINE

me in l"

the years. A new addition lo your

Or it may now be time

and many other projects

Of course he should — in many different waysi

As the youngsters grow and develop new interests, every father should try to share them. And when the real of the family want to go new places and do new lhinglJla should say, “Count

More important, ovary father should also keep up-todale with the family's needs [or life insurance-needs which keep changing through

may suggest the need for more life insurance. Insurance to help send a boy or girl to college.

A Helpful Citizen in your Community

you a policy, he also helps to improve your communil dollar is put to work, through investments, lo build schools, bridge that create jobs and make for better living.

You share in these improvements, made possible through the eilorts of your Irelpfgl fellow-

citizen — the modern life underwriter!

S U B, A N C E . . . Guardian of Canadian Homes

vidc more savings

Should a father keep up-to-date with his, family?

Or revise your programme so that l! I. j

_,.

for retirement.

Ilut to make these or any similar changes in your life insurance programmqyou need expert help. And fortunately that help is always avail- able to you through your life insurance agent.

IIe is trained to review all the facts related

to any new life insurance problem that may con- Iron! you today. He knows just what policies will best meet those needs. And when he's made

his analysis, yoifil have a plan that's complete

family, for instance, and up-lo-dnle.

to plan to use lite modern life insuro

nce company l q“

Rely on him! More than a million Canadian families have beneﬁted by the advice of the

ivel

When a life insurance representative sells y. For a large par! of each life insurance s, highways, industrial plants

A message Imm the more than ﬁfty Lila lnsunznceCompanies

in Canada

LP!!!

the British Isles and preached to the poorer classes. l-le and his friends were known as Methodists

on account of their reguiar- metho- dical habits.

A RESPONSIIDIJE OITIZ-EN IS:

A good neighbour-one whb un- derstands the other mans point of view; one who respects the rights of others; one who knows that every privilege has a correspond- ing responlbillty; one who under- stands how democracy should work in his community, province and nation, and in his daily life-and taikes part in it; one who respects the democratic process, the laws that it produces and the properly constituted authorities who see that. they are carried out.

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY

This company, founded in the year 1000. had trading-stations or "factories" in India. The French, too had factories and Dupleix, the leader of the French, helped an India. prince to win southern India. There was fear among the English

that they would be driven from -

the land.

Robert Clive, a daring and clever man took. the fort of Areot and skilfully withstood a siege, 1761.

In i757 he defeated s. large army under the prince of Bengal, ﬁrrajal-i

The foundation of gond citizen- i M“ . - _ ~d t M ch _ ships is good human relations, The i167; ggiliatgxrlyj’ ME Sh? icy Cooke; treasurer, Lorne Mac-

schooi teaches tomorrow's citizens how to get ellmg with one another. While we ar: at school, we have both the opportunity and a. growing amount of ability to learn how ta get on with other people, and how to take an active part in community. province mid nation. The school is a. progressive institution in an ever chanlgng world. Education Everybodys Business. Canadian Education Week March 5-11. i950.

The battle of Plassey led to the establishment of British Rule in Bengal. The victory of Colonel Eyre Coote at Wandewash in i760 ended the struggle between the British and French.

N ¥aw-ww I‘ This Department Is uon- 73 g ducted by m. Prince Edward t lsllnd Teachers’ Federation. Contributions are welcomed i,’ and should be MNPPBRII I“ y Mﬂla: MacFadven, 8 l~2 Fel- 1 ling St. Charlottetown. - i,

Dowlah, at Please-y.

BULLETINS FROM IBIRDIAND '

WINIFRED E. WILSOR

Occasionally a stray Pigeon l-liawk may be noted by observers in south- ern Canada in mid-winter: 0n the Niagara Peninsula. in the Toronto dstrict, even in Montreal. However, the ordinary time for us to see them in any number is when on their way to or from their breeding grounds, which lie in the forest sec- tions mostly north of civilization. About early March we might expect the first flocks to pass through. and flights go on intermittently until near the and of May.

Hawks in general are actually more beneficial than destructive. be- cause they rid the vicinity in which they live or through which they migrate of undesirable rodents or insects. But a few kinds are not helpful to man. The Pigeon Hawk 1a one of these, though it is not large enough to do much damage to poul- try. llior the same reason, "Pigeon" is not such a good name for it. But smaller birds, even up to its own size, are its prey. 1n migration. following the Alantlc coast line. Plover and Banderlings, which are also travelling in flocks, are its chief diet.

This little 11 inch Hawk, a mem- ber of the Falcon group, is very similar to the Peregrine Falcon (which averages around 1B inches) in both looks and habits. But in size and colouring it is comparable to the Bharp-shinned, from which it may be distinguished in flight by its long, pointed wings. In these species the males are slate grey on top, the three juveniles and the female Pigeon Hawks are brown, and all have barred tails. A fourth variety, the Sparrow Hawk. though much the same size as the Pigeon Hawk, and also with long, pointed wings, is so differently coloured that there should be no danger of con- fusion.

The Pigeon Hawk. which some- times goes by the English name of unusual, chooses woods for its home. The nest is usually a alight

fer, although a. tree cavity or evcn a ledge ls at times used lnsteatLi Buffy eggs are heavily blotched wltlil chestnut. Pigeon Hawks dash about, the edges of woods after their prey- rather than sell and then drop on’ it in true Falcon fashion.

In late August fall fiilght begins.‘ The ﬂock then take to open country ; and coastal marshes as their flyway. i and by early October the last mi- grants have probably loft Canada to spend another winter in the Gull States or northern south America.

WEST COVEIIEAD Y. l’. U.

Tho Young People of West Covehead had their re-organizzi- tion meeting at the home of Grove and Lcith MacMillan on Wednesday, January 18th with the president. Mrs. Lcith Mac- Millsn presiding.

The meeting opened with hyimn 237, "He Leadeth Me", followed by scripture reading taken from Matthew iiizl-Z, read by Carol MacDonad. after which Rev. Mr Wilson led in prayer. Hymn 120. "Stand Up For Jesus". Mrs. Chos- ley Hughes read a paper cntiilcn, ‘ “Why The Scientists Believe In

God.“ Hymn 284, “l Am Thine O Lord" closed the devotional pcr- iod.

The minutes of lost meeting were then read and approved.

Roll was called with 21 mivrrrhors paying their momlbcrship fcc. The treasurer reported a balance‘ on hand of $50.81. The P. E. l. Young_People's Union held their firtrt annual coaching Congress in Trinity United Church, and our delegates gave brief reports. Our secretary was asked to write for information on getting subscrip- tions for the United Churchmen. It was moved and seconded we donate $25.00 to the Missionary and Maintenance fund of our church. Also we start meeting

(‘jiifiilll

lliP

"until"

mun

pointed for each meeting. Col- eon MacLauchlan. Ins Bell. La- lection amounted to $1.95. vinia MacDonald. Programme, The following officers were Mrs. Chesley Hughes, Mrs. Grove elected". President, Allison Mac- MacMillan. Helen Wilson. Re- creation, Ada MacKinnon. Carol

Millan.

This Gas is:

I at 8:30 p.rn. and close at 10:30 p.rn. A lunch committee of three ap-

appointed:

MacDonald, Meilvilie Willis.

hostess.

PROPANE GAS

FOR COOKING — HOT WATER HEATING CABIN HEATING

CHICKEN BROODERS

NON-POISO-ITOUS - CLEAN - ECONOMICAL - FAST

Sold By

STANLEY, SIIAW 8i PEIIIIDEII Ltd

1'76 Great George St.

Phone 263

ATTENTION IIIDTORISTS

We are forced to reduce our stock to take care of new spring goods, and are offering the balance of our ANTI-FREEZE at greatly reduced prices.

METHYL HYDRATE - SUPER PYRO.

Quart 45c — Gallon $1.65

CHECK YOUR RADIATOR TODAY-

shelves.

elpl clear up blackheads.

C tIcu

sacral. Ylmplu. Contains valuable medicine Inﬁedienta. All druggiste. Buy bodlvl add in Canada.

platform of twigs built in some e0ni~

We want to our store to make more

DON"! TAKE A CHANCE.-

S. R. JOHNSTON Limited _

St. Peters Road - CHARLOTTETOWN — Phone 282.

THE

K s. n stone:

1s nAvs CLEARANCE SALE I

February 10th until 25th’ inclusive

the inside 0t

FOOITI.

remodel

We have ‘Io reduce our s+ock—Prices are no obiect, we have to clear oft the

"To o_ur many Friends and Customers- Come early and get your needs.

Men's, Women's and Children's Clothing. Rubber and Leather Footwear,

New and Used Fur Coats and Buffalo Robes.

High Grerdo Paints In small and

large quantities.

109V: RICHMOND ST,

The following committees were Devotional, Mrs. Gid-

A dainty lunch was served by